初始化配置linux服务器 CentOs8 jdk8 mysql8

1、配置JDK

1.1 下载JDK

本次安装jdk8，下载地址 Java SE Development Kit 8 - Downloads

1.2 将JDK放到服务器，个人放在了/usr/local/soft目录下，根据个人情况选择

1.3 新建目录

mkdir /usr/local/java

1.4 解压jdk tar包到 /usr/local/java/

cd /usr/soft
tar -xvf jdk-8u301-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/java/

1.5 更新 /etc/profile，最后追加内容

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java/jdk1.8.0_301
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

1.6 刷新环境变量

source /etc/profile

1.7 验证JDK

java -version

2、安装mysql8并配置大小写不敏感lower_case_table_names=1

如未安装过mysql，直接跳过 2.1、2.2、2.3、2.4、2.5、2.6 步骤

2.1 检查卸载mysql

rpm -qa|grep -i mysql

2.2 停止mysql

systemctl stop mysqld.service

2.3 卸载文件

rpm -e –nodeps 包名

2.4 查找mysql相关文件及目录

find / -name mysql

2.5 删除对应的mysql文件及目录

rm -rf 文件或目录名称

2.6 手动删除/etc/my.cnf

rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

2.7 下载mysql8

下载地址：MySQL :: MySQL Downloads

下载到 /usr/soft

地址贴出来：https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

2.8 解压tar包

tar -xvf /usr/soft/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

2.9 移动至/usr/local/mysql

mv /usr/soft/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

2.10 创建mysql组和用户

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

2.11 创建mysql数据目录 / 回到根目录

cd / && mkdir -p /data/mysql_data/

2.12 赋予权限

chown mysql:mysql -R /data/mysql_data
chmod 750 /data/mysql_data/ -R

2.13 为了避免在使用MySQL时总是必须键入客户端程序的路径名，可以将/usr/local/mysql/bin 目录添加到PATH变量中：

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

2.14 my.cnf配置参数

创建用于初始化mysql数据库时my.cnf配置文件

默认读取配置文件的顺序:
Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
1. /etc/my.cnf 2./etc/mysql/my.cnf 3./usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf 4.~/.my.cnf

vim /etc/my.cnf然后按 i 进入编辑模式，把下面内容复制进去

[client]
port       = 3306
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock
 
[mysqld]
port       = 3306
server-id  = 3306
user       = mysql
socket     = /tmp/mysql.sock
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir    = /usr/local/mysql8
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir    = /data/mysql_data/mysql
log-bin    = /data/mysql_data/mysql/mysql_bin
innodb_data_home_dir      =/data/mysql_data/mysql
innodb_log_group_home_dir =/data/mysql_data/mysql
#设置mysql数据库的日志及进程数据的存放目录
log-error =/data/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.log
pid-file  =/data/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.pid
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
autocommit=1

##################以上要修改的########################
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 1024
sort_buffer_size = 4M
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 4M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 128
#query_cache_size = 128M
tmp_table_size = 128M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
max_connections = 500
max_connect_errors = 100
open_files_limit = 65535
 
binlog_format=mixed
 
binlog_expire_logs_seconds =864000
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
 
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
 
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 4M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M
 
[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

编辑完后按esc 后按住 shift+: 输入 wq表示保存并退出 :wq!

2.15 初始化mysql

cd  /usr/local/mysql/bin/
#一行
./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql_data/mysql --user=mysql --initialize

2.16 建立MySQL服务

cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --add mysql

2.17 查看mysql启动状态

service mysql status

2.16 启动mysql，并更改root 密码

service mysql start

2.17 登录mysql

mysql -u root -p

密码是之前初始化时生成的随机密码，如果忘记，请查看/data/mysql_data/mysql/mysql.log

2.18 修改密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';

2.19 执行使密码生效

flush privileges;

2.20 选择mysql数据库

use mysql;

2.21 修改远程连接

update user set host='%' where user='root';
 
flush privileges;

3、防火墙

3.1 查看防火墙状态

firewall-cmd --state

3.2 打开防火墙

systemctl start firewalld

3.3 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld

3.4 添加端口3306、8082、8083

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8082/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8083/tcp --permanent

3.5 重启防火墙，更改防火墙后必须重启才生效

firewall-cmd --reload

3.6 查看所有打开的端口

firewall-cmd --list-ports

初始化配置linux服务器 CentOs8 jdk8 mysql8

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