目录
1. 环境说明
| 数据库角色 | IP | 应用与系统版本 |
|---|---|---|
| 主数据库 | 192.168.5.55 | CentOS7.8 mysql8.0 |
| 从数据库 | 192.168.5.56 | CentOS7.8 mysql8.0 |
3. 在主数据库里创建一个同步账号授权给从数据库使用
//IP填写的是从库IP
mysql> CREATE USER 'bzm'@'192.168.5.56' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'bzm'@'192.168.5.56';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
4 配置主数据库
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
port=3306
lower_case_table_names=1
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
max_connect_errors=1000
max_connections=1510
skip_ssl #会禁用sll，导致客户端报错：Public Key Retrieval is not allowed
skip-name-resolve #可以禁用dns解析，但是，这样不能在mysql的授权表中使用主机名了，只能使用IP。
default-time-zone = '+08:00'
log-error=/opt/error_log/mysql.log
server-id=10 //追加以下两行
log-bin=mysql-bin
long_query_time=3
slow_query_log=on
slow_query_log_file=/opt/slow_log/slow.log
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[root@localhost ~]#
//重启数据库、查看状态
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p1 -e "show master status;"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 156 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
[root@localhost ~]#
5. 配置从数据库
[root@localhost mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/opt/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.pid
port=3306
lower_case_table_names=1
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
max_connect_errors=1000
max_connections=1510
skip_ssl #会禁用sll，导致客户端报错：Public Key Retrieval is not allowed
skip-name-resolve #可以禁用dns解析，但是，这样不能在mysql的授权表中使用主机名了，只能使用IP。
default-time-zone = '+08:00'
log-error=/opt/error_log/mysql.log
server-id=20 //追加以下两行
relay-log=mysql-relay
long_query_time=3
slow_query_log=on
slow_query_log_file=/opt/slow_log/slow.log
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@localhost mysql]#
6. 配置并启动主从复制
//此处的IP为主库
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.5.55',master_user='bzm',master_password='1',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=156;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.02 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.5.55
Master_User: bzm
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 679
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 324
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes //此两处必须为yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
7. 测试主从复制
//在主库创建一个bzm数据库
mysql> create database bzm;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| bzm |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
//登录从库观察
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| bzm |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
8. 问题集锦
8.1 为什么开启主从复制 Slave_IO_Running不是YES？
//在主库上执行刷新日志
mysql> flush logs;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)
mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000002
Position: 156
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
//停止从库主从复制，并设置change
mysql> stop slave;
mysql> change master to master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=156;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
//启动从库后，检查主从状态，发现恢复
mysql> start slave;
mysql> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.5.55
Master_User: bzm
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 679
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 324
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
8.2 主库授权的用户为什么从库登不上？
检查主库和从库的防火墙，一定要关闭，或者设置防火墙规则放行