Exercise 10.1: Least squares
Generate matrix
with
. Also generate some vector
.
Now find
.
Print the norm of the residual.
代码:
import numpy as np
from scipy import linalg
m, n = 5, 4
A = np.mat(np.random.rand(m, n))
b = np.mat(np.random.rand(m, 1))
x, res, rnk, s = linalg.lstsq(A, b)
norm = linalg.norm(A.dot(x) - b, ord = 2)
print("A =\n",A)
print("b =\n",b)
print("Solution =\n", x)
print("Norm =", res / n)
运行效果:
Exercise 10.2: Optimization
Find the maximum of the function .
代码:
import numpy as np
from scipy import optimize
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
def func(x):
return -np.sin(x - 2) ** 2 * np.exp(-x * x)
maximum = optimize.fmin(func, 0)
print(maximum)
运行效果:
Exercise 10.3: Pairwise distances
Let
be a matrix with
rows and
columns. How can you compute the pairwise distances between every two rows?
As an example application, consider
cities, and we are given their coordinates in two columns. Now we want a nice table that tells us for each two cities, how far they are apart.
Again, make sure you make use of Scipy’s functionality instead of writing your own routine.
代码:
import numpy as np
from scipy.spatial import distance
m, n = 5, 2
x = np.random.rand(m, n)
print("X =\n", x)
y = distance.pdist(x)
z = distance.squareform(y)
print("Distance =\n", z)
运行效果: