目录
一、JWT基础使用
1.引入依赖、
<!--引入jwt-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.auth0</groupId>
<artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId>
<version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>2.生成token、
Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
instance.add(Calendar.SECOND, 90);
//生成令牌
String token = JWT.create()
.withClaim("username", "张三")//设置自定义用户名
.withExpiresAt(instance.getTime())//设置过期时间
.sign(Algorithm.HMAC256("token!Q2W#E$RW"));//设置签名 保密 复杂
//输出令牌
System.out.println(token);- 生成结果
eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJhdWQiOlsicGhvbmUiLCIxNDMyMzIzNDEzNCJdLCJleHAiOjE1OTU3Mzk0NDIsInVzZXJuYW1lIjoi5byg5LiJIn0.aHmE3RNqvAjFr_dvyn_sD2VJ46P7EGiS5OBMO_TI5jg3.根据令牌和签名解析数据、
JWTVerifier jwtVerifier = JWT.require(Algorithm.HMAC256("token!Q2W#E$RW")).build();
DecodedJWT decodedJWT = jwtVerifier.verify(token);
System.out.println("用户名: " + decodedJWT.getClaim("username").asString());
System.out.println("过期时间: "+decodedJWT.getExpiresAt());4.常见异常信息、
- SignatureVerificationException: 签名不一致异常
- TokenExpiredException: 令牌过期异常
- AlgorithmMismatchException: 算法不匹配异常
- InvalidClaimException: 失效的payload异常
二、 封装工具类
public class JWTUtils {
private static String TOKEN = "token!Q@W3e4r";
/**
* 生成token
* @param map //传入payload
* @return 返回token
*/
public static String getToken(Map<String,String> map){
JWTCreator.Builder builder = JWT.create();
map.forEach((k,v)->{
builder.withClaim(k,v);
});
Calendar instance = Calendar.getInstance();
instance.add(Calendar.SECOND,7);
builder.withExpiresAt(instance.getTime());
return builder.sign(Algorithm.HMAC256(TOKEN)).toString();
}
/**
* 验证token
* @param token
* @return
*/
public static void verify(String token){
JWT.require(Algorithm.HMAC256(TOKEN)).build().verify(token);
}
/**
* 获取token中payload
* @param token
* @return
*/
public static DecodedJWT getToken(String token){
return JWT.require(Algorithm.HMAC256(TOKEN)).build().verify(token);
}
}三、整合springboot
1.搭建springboot+mybatis+jwt环境、
1.1引入依赖
<!--引入jwt-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.auth0</groupId>
<artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId>
<version>3.4.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--引入mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<!--引入lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
</dependency>
<!--引入druid-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.19</version>
</dependency>
<!--引入mysql-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.38</version>
</dependency>1.2- 编写配置
server.port=8989
spring.application.name=jwtspring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jwt?characterEncoding=UTF-8
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=rootmybatis.type-aliases-package=com.baizhi.entity
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:com/baizhi/mapper/*.xmllogging.level.com.baizhi.dao=debug
2.开发数据库
- 这里采用最简单的表结构验证JWT使用
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
`name` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名',
`password` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户密码',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;3.开发entity
@Data
@Accessors(chain=true)
public class User {
private String id;
private String name;
private String password;
}4.开发DAO接口和mapper.xml
@Mapper
public interface UserDAO {
User login(User user);
}<mapper namespace="com.baizhi.dao.UserDAO">
<!--这里就写的简单点了毕竟不是重点-->
<select id="login" parameterType="User" resultType="User">
select * from user where name=#{name} and password = #{password}
</select>
</mapper>5.开发Service 接口以及实现类
public interface UserService {
User login(User user);//登录接口
}@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Autowired
private UserDAO userDAO;
@Override
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.SUPPORTS)
public User login(User user) {
User userDB = userDAO.login(user);
if(userDB!=null){
return userDB;
}
throw new RuntimeException("登录失败~~");
}
}6.开发controller
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@GetMapping("/user/login")
public Map<String,Object> login(User user) {
Map<String,Object> result = new HashMap<>();
log.info("用户名: [{}]", user.getName());
log.info("密码: [{}]", user.getPassword());
try {
User userDB = userService.login(user);
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();//用来存放payload
map.put("id",userDB.getId());
map.put("username", userDB.getName());
String token = JWTUtils.getToken(map);
result.put("state",true);
result.put("msg","登录成功!!!");
result.put("token",token); //成功返回token信息
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
result.put("state","false");
result.put("msg",e.getMessage());
}
return result;
}
}7.编写测试接口
@PostMapping("/test/test")
public Map<String, Object> test(String token) {
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
try {
JWTUtils.verify(token);
map.put("msg", "验证通过~~~");
map.put("state", true);
} catch (TokenExpiredException e) {
map.put("state", false);
map.put("msg", "Token已经过期!!!");
} catch (SignatureVerificationException e){
map.put("state", false);
map.put("msg", "签名错误!!!");
} catch (AlgorithmMismatchException e){
map.put("state", false);
map.put("msg", "加密算法不匹配!!!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
map.put("state", false);
map.put("msg", "无效token~~");
}
return map;
}8.问题?
- 使用上述方式每次都要传递token数据,每个方法都需要验证token代码冗余,不够灵活? 如何优化
- 使用拦截器进行优化
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
String token = request.getHeader("token");
Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();
try {
JWTUtils.verify(token);
return true;
} catch (TokenExpiredException e) {
map.put("state", false);
map.put("msg", "Token已经过期!!!");
} catch (SignatureVerificationException e){
map.put("state", false);
map.put("msg", "签名错误!!!");
} catch (AlgorithmMismatchException e){
map.put("state", false);
map.put("msg", "加密算法不匹配!!!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
map.put("state", false);
map.put("msg", "无效token~~");
}
String json = new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(map);
response.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
response.getWriter().println(json);
return false;
}@Component
public class InterceptorConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
registry.addInterceptor(new JwtTokenInterceptor()).
excludePathPatterns("/user/**")
.addPathPatterns("/**");
}
}