在Ubuntu下安装Nginx有以下方法，但是如果想要安装最新版本的就必须下载源码包编译安装。
一、Nginx安装
1、基于APT源安装
sudo apt-get install nginx安装好的文件位置：
/usr/sbin/nginx：主程序
/etc/nginx：存放配置文件
/usr/share/nginx：存放静态文件
/var/log/nginx：存放日志
从上面的根目录文件夹可以知道：
Linux系统的配置文件一般放在/etc，日志一般放在/var/log，运行的程序一般放在/usr/sbin或者/usr/bin。
当然，如果要更清楚Nginx的配置项放在什么地方，可以打开/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
Nginx如果指定默认加载/etc/nginx/nginx.conf的配置文件。如果要查看加载的是哪个配置文件，可以用这个命令sudo nginx -t（检查语法是否正确）或者ps -ef | grep nginx
然后通过这种方式安装的，会自动创建服务，会自动在/etc/init.d/nginx新建服务脚本，然后就可以使用
sudo nginx -s {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}
的命令执行相关操作。
2、通过源码包编译安装
这种方式可以自定安装指定的模块以及最新的版本。方式更灵活。
官方下载页面：nginx: download
configure配置文件详解：Building nginx from Sources
安装gcc g++的依赖库
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libtool安装pcre依赖库（http://www.pcre.org/）
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev安装zlib依赖库（http://www.zlib.net）sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev安装SSL依赖库
sudo apt-get install openssl安装Nginx
#下载最新版本：
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz
#解压：
tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz
#进入解压目录：
cd nginx-1.13.6
#配置：
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
#编译：
make
#安装：
sudo make install
#启动：
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
注意：-c 指定配置文件的路径，不加的话，nginx会自动加载默认路径的配置文件，可以通过-h查看帮助命令。
#查看进程：
ps -ef | grep nginx配置软链接
sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx现在就可以不用路径直接输入nginx启动。
二、配置开机启动服务
1、方法一：
在/etc/init.d/下创建nginx文件，sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx，内容如下：
#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: nginx
# Required-Start: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFO
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx
# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then
. /etc/default/nginx
fi
STOP_SCHEDULE="${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}"
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
# Try to extract nginx pidfile
PID=$(cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)
if [ -z "$PID" ]; then
PID=/run/nginx.pid
fi
if [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then
# Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginx
ulimit $ULIMIT
fi
start_nginx() {
# Start the daemon/service
#
# Returns:
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \
$DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \
|| return 2
}
test_config() {
# Test the nginx configuration
$DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1
}
stop_nginx() {
# Stops the daemon/service
#
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
RETVAL="$?"
sleep 1
return "$RETVAL"
}
reload_nginx() {
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
return 0
}
rotate_logs() {
# Rotate log files
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME
return 0
}
upgrade_nginx() {
# Online upgrade nginx executable
# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html
#
# Return
# 0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded
# 1 if nginx is not running
# 2 if the pid files were not created on time
# 3 if the old master could not be killed
if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then
# Wait for both old and new master to write their pid file
while [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; do
cnt=`expr $cnt + 1`
if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; then
return 2
fi
sleep 1
done
# Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old master
if start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; then
return 0
else
return 3
fi
else
return 1
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
start_nginx
case "$?" in
0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
stop_nginx
case "$?" in
0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
restart)
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
# Check configuration before stopping nginx
if ! test_config; then
log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
exit $?
fi
stop_nginx
case "$?" in
0|1)
start_nginx
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
reload|force-reload)
log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"
# Check configuration before stopping nginx
#
# This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary
# may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.
# We prefer to check the configuration and return an error
# to the administrator.
if ! test_config; then
log_end_msg 1 # Configuration error
exit $?
fi
reload_nginx
log_end_msg $?
;;
configtest|testconfig)
log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"
test_config
log_end_msg $?
;;
status)
status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?
;;
upgrade)
log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"
upgrade_nginx
log_end_msg $?
;;
rotate)
log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"
rotate_logs
log_end_msg $?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac#设置服务脚本有执行权限
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
#注册服务
cd /etc/init.d/
sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults2、方法二：
在/usr/lib/systemd/system目录下新建nginx.service文件，内容如下
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target脚本解释：
Unit:服务的启动顺序和依赖关系
Description：对该服务的描述；
After：在b.target服务组启动后，再启动本服务；
Service:服务具体执行的方式
ExecStart,ExecStop,ExecReload等：启动命令组，分别是服务启动时，停止时，重启时，启动前，启动后，停止后执行的命令；
Type：服务启动类型。默认simple表示ExecStart为主进程，notify类似于simple，启动结束后会发出通知信号。另外还有forking,oneshot,dbus,idle等类型；
Install:把服务放在哪个服务组
WantedBy：服务所在的服务组。
更多请参考 systemd的.service服务文件配置
设置开机自启动并启动nginx
设置开机自启动：
systemctl enable nginx.service
查看是否正确启动：
systemctl list-unit-files |grep nginx
看下如下图就成功启动了
启动Nginx：
systemctl start nginx.service其他常用命令：
开启开机自启动：systemctl enable nginx.service
停止开机自启动 : systemctl disable nginx.service
启动 nginx 服务 : systemctl start nginx.service
停止 nginx 服务 : systemctl stop nginx.service
重启 nginx 服务 : systemctl restart nginx.service
查看服务当前状态 : systemctl status nginx.service
查看所有已启动的服务 : systemctl list-units --type=service
三、需要注意问题：
nginx.conf中，设置以下几个参数，增加超时时间
fastcgi_connect_timeout
fastcgi连接超时时间，默认60秒
fastcgi_send_timeout
nginx 进程向 fastcgi 进程发送请求过程的超时时间，默认值60秒
fastcgi_read_timeout
fastcgi 进程向 nginx 进程发送输出过程的超时时间，默认值60秒
上传超过1M大的客户端文件无法正常上传，nginx直接报错，上传文件太大，修改了下nginx的配置，就可以了。
client_max_body_size 10M;四、nginx示例：
user root;
worker_processes auto;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /etc/nginx/modules-enabled/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 768;
# multi_accept on;
}
http {
##
# Basic Settings
##
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
# server_tokens off;
# server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
# server_name_in_redirect off;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
client_max_body_size 100m;
##
# SSL Settings
##
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; # Dropping SSLv3, ref: POODLE
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
##
# Logging Settings
##
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
##
# Gzip Settings
##
gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name 172.16.xxx.xxx;
fastcgi_buffers 8 128k;
# 将该服务下的所有请求实体的大小限制为1024m
client_max_body_size 1024m;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
charset UTF-8;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/nginx_access.log;
#error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx_error.log;
# 静态资源配置
location /xxxx {
add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*';
alias /root/app/panoramademo/static;
}
# 路由配置
location /xxx_app/{
#limit_req zone=one burst=5;
include uwsgi_params;
uwsgi_pass 172.16.xxx.xxx:8002;
uwsgi_send_timeout 100;
uwsgi_connect_timeout 100;
uwsgi_read_timeout 100;
}
}
# gzip_vary on;
# gzip_proxied any;
# gzip_comp_level 6;
# gzip_buffers 16 8k;
# gzip_http_version 1.1;
# gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
##
# Virtual Host Configs
##
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
#mail {
# # See sample authentication script at:
# # http://wiki.nginx.org/ImapAuthenticateWithApachePhpScript
#
# # auth_http localhost/auth.php;
# # pop3_capabilities "TOP" "USER";
# # imap_capabilities "IMAP4rev1" "UIDPLUS";
#
# server {
# listen localhost:110;
# protocol pop3;
# proxy on;
# }
#
# server {
# listen localhost:143;
# protocol imap;
# proxy on;
# }
#}