思索良久,决定还是记录下心得体会:一个基于create-react-app官方脚手架,搭建起来的dva开发模式的react项目。
当然现今的前端市场如此强大,你可以在网络上找到你想要的任何脚手架,并且很多可以开箱即用,不可否认它们很优秀,开发它们的人或团队更值得我们竖起大拇指,为他们点赞!比较适合国人还是阿里系的一套react开发脚手架,dva-cli,antd,Umi等,当然gitHub上也有诸多优秀的脚手架,有兴趣的同学可以自行查阅学习。
这里,仅仅以react官方脚手架开启项目,安装采用dva方式的,构建项目,展示记录过程中遇到的各种点和Keng,若你也遇到类似问题,也许能帮上你。
1 安装create-react-app(鉴于国内网络以下使用cnpm,具体配置网上可找大量资料)
cnpm i create-react-app -g
2 创建项目,目录名project
create-react-app project
等待命令执行完成,教授叫会为你安装好基础的组件包,目录生成完毕如下:
这就是脚手架标准目录,我们再来看下package.json文件如下:
{ "name": "project", "version": "0.1.0", "private": true, "dependencies": { "react": "^16.4.0", "react-dom": "^16.4.0", "react-scripts": "1.1.4" }, "scripts": { "start": "react-scripts start", "build": "react-scripts build", "test": "react-scripts test --env=jsdom", "eject": "react-scripts eject" } }
如上所示,很干净的目录。
此时已可运行npm start运行起来项目了,默认端口3000,效果如图:
注意scripts执行命令中有一个eject,意为弹射暴露出所有配置,其实脚手架还是为我们封装了一些东西的,这里我们就暴露出所有配置吧。
运行npm run eject,一旦选择eject,那么所封装的组件依赖和项目结构会有所变化,如图:
我们打开package.json文件如下所示,是暴露出的依赖配置项,可以看到已经为我们安装好webpack,babel,eslint等:
{ "name": "project", "version": "0.1.0", "private": true, "dependencies": { "autoprefixer": "7.1.6", "babel-core": "6.26.0", "babel-eslint": "7.2.3", "babel-jest": "20.0.3", "babel-loader": "7.1.2", "babel-preset-react-app": "^3.1.1", "babel-runtime": "6.26.0", "case-sensitive-paths-webpack-plugin": "2.1.1", "chalk": "1.1.3", "css-loader": "0.28.7", "dotenv": "4.0.0", "dotenv-expand": "4.2.0", "eslint": "4.10.0", "eslint-config-react-app": "^2.1.0", "eslint-loader": "1.9.0", "eslint-plugin-flowtype": "2.39.1", "eslint-plugin-import": "2.8.0", "eslint-plugin-jsx-a11y": "5.1.1", "eslint-plugin-react": "7.4.0", "extract-text-webpack-plugin": "3.0.2", "file-loader": "1.1.5", "fs-extra": "3.0.1", "html-webpack-plugin": "2.29.0", "jest": "20.0.4", "object-assign": "4.1.1", "postcss-flexbugs-fixes": "3.2.0", "postcss-loader": "2.0.8", "promise": "8.0.1", "raf": "3.4.0", "react": "^16.4.0", "react-dev-utils": "^5.0.1", "react-dom": "^16.4.0", "resolve": "1.6.0", "style-loader": "0.19.0", "sw-precache-webpack-plugin": "0.11.4", "url-loader": "0.6.2", "webpack": "3.8.1", "webpack-dev-server": "2.9.4", "webpack-manifest-plugin": "1.3.2", "whatwg-fetch": "2.0.3" }, "scripts": { "start": "node scripts/start.js", "build": "node scripts/build.js", "test": "node scripts/test.js --env=jsdom" }, "jest": { "collectCoverageFrom": [ "src/**/*.{js,jsx,mjs}" ], "setupFiles": [ "<rootDir>/config/polyfills.js" ], "testMatch": [ "<rootDir>/src/**/__tests__/**/*.{js,jsx,mjs}", "<rootDir>/src/**/?(*.)(spec|test).{js,jsx,mjs}" ], "testEnvironment": "node", "testURL": "http://localhost", "transform": { "^.+\\.(js|jsx|mjs)$": "<rootDir>/node_modules/babel-jest", "^.+\\.css$": "<rootDir>/config/jest/cssTransform.js", "^(?!.*\\.(js|jsx|mjs|css|json)$)": "<rootDir>/config/jest/fileTransform.js" }, "transformIgnorePatterns": [ "[/\\\\]node_modules[/\\\\].+\\.(js|jsx|mjs)$" ], "moduleNameMapper": { "^react-native$": "react-native-web" }, "moduleFileExtensions": [ "web.js", "js", "json", "web.jsx", "jsx", "node", "mjs" ] }, "babel": { "presets": [ "react-app" ] }, "eslintConfig": { "extends": "react-app" } }
此处我本地更改下3000端口为9999,避免与其他本地项目冲突,安装cross-env:
cnpm i cross-env
修改start命令为:
- "start": "node scripts/start.js", + "start": "cross-env PORT=9999 node scripts/start.js",
然后启动:npm start 效果如图:
3 安装dva库(dva也有自己的脚手架dva-cli,也可快速构建项目,目前已升至2.x版本,采用[email protected]路由版本)
cnpm i dva --save
安装history组件,等会后面会用到,主要做BrowserHistory浏览器历史功能,有兴趣的同学可网上自行学习。
4 改造项目为dva模式(不了解dva的同学可网上自行学习),在src目录下新建目录:models,services,routes,utils(utils将来存放配置文件和工具方法),如图:
5 路由设计,简单点暂设计为三个demo地址,分别如下:
(1)http://localhost:9999/aaa
(2)http://localhost:9999/aaa/bbb
(3)http://localhost:9999/ccc
6 组件设计,在routes目录下新建三个文件:AAA.js BBB.js CCC.js 如图:
代码分别为:
AAA.js
import React, { Component } from 'react'; class AAA extends Component { render() { return ( <div> <p> AAA页 </p> </div> ); } } export default AAA;
BBB.js
import React, { Component } from 'react'; class BBB extends Component { render() { return ( <div> <p> BBB页 </p> </div> ); } } export default BBB;
CCC.js
import React, { Component } from 'react'; class CCC extends Component { render() { return ( <div> <p> CCC页 </p> </div> ); } } export default CCC;
7 model设计,在model下新建四个文件:aaa.js bbb.js ccc.js 和app.js(app作为全局model使用,将来存放全局变量,如国际化参数,登录用户信息等)
代码分别为:
aaa.js
export default { namespace: 'aaa', state: { name:'这是aaa的model' }, subscriptions: { }, effects: { }, reducers: { }, };
bbb.js
export default { namespace: 'bbb', state: { name:'这是bbb的model' }, subscriptions: { }, effects: { }, reducers: { }, };
ccc.js
export default { namespace: 'ccc', state: { name:'这是ccc的model' }, subscriptions: { }, effects: { }, reducers: { }, };
app.js
export default { namespace: 'app', state: { name:'这是app的model' }, subscriptions: { }, effects: { }, reducers: { }, };
8 src目录下创建router.js路由控制文件,其中menuGlobal后期会提出到配置文件中,此处暂先这样放便于查看,大家发现其中也定义了id,pid,name,icon等字段,这些并不是dva路由必须字段,没错这些事自定义的字段,将来会用到,菜单关系,菜单是否显示,和icon图标等
import React from 'react'; import { Router, Route, Switch } from 'dva/router'; import dynamic from 'dva/dynamic' const menuGlobal=[ { id:'aaa', pid:'0', name:'aaa页', icon:'user', path: '/aaa', models: () => [import('./models/aaa')], //models可多个 component: () => import('./routes/AAA'), }, { id:'bbb', pid:'0', name:'bbb页', icon:'user', path: '/aaa/bbb', models: () => [import('./models/bbb')], //models可多个 component: () => import('./routes/BBB'), }, { id:'ccc', pid:'0', name:'ccc页', icon:'user', path: '/ccc', models: () => [import('./models/ccc')], //models可多个 component: () => import('./routes/CCC'), }, ]; function RouterConfig({ history, app }) { return ( <Router history={history}> <Switch> { menuGlobal.map(({path,...dynamics},index)=>( <Route key={index} path={path} exact component={dynamic({ app, ...dynamics })} /> )) } </Switch> </Router> ); } export default RouterConfig;
9 修改src目录下index.js入口文件:
import dva from 'dva'; import './index.css'; import createHistory from 'history/createBrowserHistory' // 1. Initialize const app = dva({ history:createHistory() }); // 2. Plugins // app.use({}); // 3. Model app.model(require('./models/app').default); // 4. Router app.router(require('./router').default); // 5. Start app.start('#root');
至此,dva的改造基本完毕,后续还有其他的细节补充,运行起来吧:npm start
效果如图:
试试看,基本的路由已经OK了,接下来,我们将进行对以上主体构造的细节坐下补充。
此处路由只是通过浏览器地址栏直接访问的形式,我们还需要增加路由跳转<Link>
(1)AAA.js中引入import { Link } from 'dva/router'; 并增加跳转链接如下:
import React, { Component } from 'react'; import { Link } from 'dva/router'; class AAA extends Component { render() { return ( <div> <p> AAA页 </p> <Link to={'/aaa/bbb'}>去BBB页面</Link> <br /> <Link to={'/ccc'}>去CCC页面</Link> </div> ); } } export default AAA;
(1)BBB.js中引入import { Link } from 'dva/router'; 并增加跳转链接如下:
import React, { Component } from 'react'; import { Link } from 'dva/router'; class BBB extends Component { render() { return ( <div> <p> BBB页 </p> <Link to={'/aaa'}>去AAA页面</Link> <br /> <Link to={'/ccc'}>去CCC页面</Link> </div> ); } } export default BBB;
(1)CCC.js中引入import { Link } from 'dva/router'; 并增加跳转链接如下:
import React, { Component } from 'react'; import { Link } from 'dva/router'; class CCC extends Component { render() { return ( <div> <p> CCC页 </p> <Link to={'/aaa'}>去AAA页面</Link> <br /> <Link to={'/aaa/bbb'}>去BBB页面</Link> </div> ); } } export default CCC;
此时页面中已有链接,三个页面可相互跳转了。
现在我们将router.js中的menuGlobal提出,放于公用文件中,首先在utils下新建文件config.js和index.js 代码分别如下:
config.js文件:
const menuGlobal=[ { id:'aaa', pid:'0', name:'aaa页', icon:'user', path: '/aaa', models: () => [import('../models/aaa')], //models可多个 component: () => import('../routes/AAA'), }, { id:'bbb', pid:'0', name:'bbb页', icon:'user', path: '/aaa/bbb', models: () => [import('../models/bbb')], //models可多个 component: () => import('../routes/BBB'), }, { id:'ccc', pid:'0', name:'ccc页', icon:'user', path: '/ccc', models: () => [import('../models/ccc')], //models可多个 component: () => import('../routes/CCC'), }, ]; export default { menuGlobal }
index.js文件(之后utils中的配置文件,均可在index.js暴露出去):
import config from './config'; export { config }
修改src下的router.js文件,如下:
import React from 'react'; import { Router, Route, Switch } from 'dva/router'; import dynamic from 'dva/dynamic' import {config} from './utils' const { menuGlobal } = config function RouterConfig({ history, app }) { return ( <Router history={history}> <Switch> { menuGlobal.map(({path,...dynamics},index)=>( <Route key={index} path={path} exact component={dynamic({ app, ...dynamics })} /> )) } </Switch> </Router> ); } export default RouterConfig;
刷新页面即可,之所以把menu提出配置文件中,便于管理和后期拓展。
接下一篇:https://blog.csdn.net/xw505501936/article/details/80625613