完成以下条件的配置：
1.r6为isp，接口ip地址均为公有地址；该设备只能配置ip地址，之后不能在对其进行任何配置
2.r1-r5为局域网，私有ip地址192.168.1.0/24，请合理分配
3.所有路由器上环回，均代表连接用户的接口
4.r3下的两台pc通过dhcp自动获取ip地址
5.选路最佳，路由表尽量小，避免环路
6.r1-r5均可访问r6的环回
7.r6 telnet r5的 公有ip地址时，实际登录到r1上
8.r4与r5正常通过1000兆链路，故障时通过100兆链路
一、预想好需要配置的IP地址
192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.0/27——骨干
192.168.1.0/30
192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.20/30
192.168.1.24/30
192.168.1.28/30
192.168.1.32/27——R1
192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.64/27——R2
192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.80/28
192.168.1.96/27——R3
192.168.1.128/27——R4
192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.144/28
192.168.1.160/27——R5
二、配置IP地址
＃改设备名称
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1#配IP地址
[R1]user-interface console 0 #永不超时
[R1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[R1-ui-console0]q
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]interface loopback 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]interface loopback 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
[R1-LoopBack1]q
[R1]display ip int brief
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.1/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.5/30 up up
LoopBack0 192.168.1.33/28 up up(s)
LoopBack1 192.168.1.49/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s) [R2]display ip int brief
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.2/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.9/30 up up
LoopBack0 192.168.1.65/28 up up(s)
LoopBack1 192.168.1.81/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s) [R3]display ip int brief
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.6/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.13/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 192.168.1.97/27 up up
NULL0 unassigned up up(s) [R4]display ip int brief
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.10/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.17/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 192.168.1.14/30 up up
GigabitEthernet4/0/0 192.168.1.21/30 up up
LoopBack0 192.168.1.129/28 up up(s)
LoopBack1 192.168.1.145/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s) [R5]display ip int brief
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.18/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 12.0.0.1/24 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 192.168.1.22/30 up up
LoopBack0 192.168.1.161/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)[R6]display ip int brief
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 12.0.0.2/24 up up
LoopBack0 1.1.1.1/24 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s) 三、条件4：PC1、PC2通过DHCP自动获取IP地址
[R3]dhcp enable
[R3]ip pool aaa
[R3-ip-pool-aaa]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27
[R3-ip-pool-aaa]gateway-list 192.168.1.97
[R3-ip-pool-aaa]dns-list 8.8.8.8
[R3-ip-pool-aaa]q
[R3]int g 0/0/2
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]qPC>ipconfig
Link local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fe14:5cc9
IPv6 address......................: :: / 128
IPv6 gateway......................: ::
IPv4 address......................: 192.168.1.126
Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.224
Gateway...........................: 192.168.1.97
Physical address..................: 54-89-98-14-5C-C9
DNS server........................: 8.8.8.8PC>ipconfig
Link local IPv6 address...........: fe80::5689:98ff:fe3e:5ef7
IPv6 address......................: :: / 128
IPv6 gateway......................: ::
IPv4 address......................: 192.168.1.125
Subnet mask.......................: 255.255.255.224
Gateway...........................: 192.168.1.97
Physical address..................: 54-89-98-3E-5E-F7
DNS server........................: 8.8.8.8
四、条件5：选路最佳，路由表尽量小
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol static
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
Destinations : 5 Routes : 6 Configured Routes : 6
Static routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 5 Routes : 6
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.6 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
192.168.1.8/30 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.12/30 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.6 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
192.168.1.64/27 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.96/27 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.6 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
Static routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]display ip routing-table protocol static
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
Destinations : 4 Routes : 5 Configured Routes : 5
Static routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 4 Routes : 5
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.10 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
192.168.1.4/30 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.32/27 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.96/27 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.10 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
Static routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]display ip routing-table protocol static
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
Destinations : 4 Routes : 5 Configured Routes : 5
Static routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 4 Routes : 5
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.14 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
192.168.1.0/30 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.5 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.32/27 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.5 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.64/27 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.14 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.5 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
Static routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 0 Routes : 0[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 70 #完成任务八
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]display ip routing-table protocol static
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
Destinations : 6 Routes : 8 Configured Routes : 8
Static routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 6 Routes : 7
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.18 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
192.168.1.0/30 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.9 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.4/30 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.13 GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
192.168.1.32/27 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.9 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.13 GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
192.168.1.64/27 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.9 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.96/27 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.13 GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
Static routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 70 0 R 192.168.1.22 GigabitEthernet
4/0/0[R5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.2
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.21 preference 70 #完成任务八
[R5]display ip routing-table protocol static
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
Destinations : 2 Routes : 3 Configured Routes : 3
Static routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 12.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
192.168.1.0/24 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.17 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
Static routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
192.168.1.0/24 Static 70 0 R 192.168.1.21 GigabitEthernet
0/0/2五、检验
[R1]ping 192.168.1.145
PING 192.168.1.145: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Request time out
Reply from 192.168.1.145: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=70 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.145: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.145: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=20 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.145: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=30 ms
--- 192.168.1.145 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
4 packet(s) received
20.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/37/70 ms[R5]ping 192.168.1.65
PING 192.168.1.65: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Request time out
Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=50 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=30 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=20 ms
Reply from 192.168.1.65: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=40 ms
--- 192.168.1.65 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
4 packet(s) received
20.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/35/50 ms六、解决环路
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 NULL 0
[R4]display ip routing-table protocol static
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : Static
Destinations : 7 Routes : 9 Configured Routes : 9
Static routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 7 Routes : 8
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.18 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
192.168.1.0/24 Static 60 0 D 0.0.0.0 NULL0
192.168.1.0/30 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.9 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.4/30 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.13 GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
192.168.1.32/27 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.9 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.13 GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
192.168.1.64/27 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.9 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.96/27 Static 60 0 RD 192.168.1.13 GigabitEthernet
0/0/2
Static routing table status : <Inactive>
Destinations : 1 Routes : 1
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 Static 70 0 R 192.168.1.22 GigabitEthernet
4/0/0[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0 #这条可以不用写，效果一样此时检验网络都不通了，R4上有问题→写一条明细
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22 preference 70此时网络通了
七、条件6：均可以访问R6环回
[R5]acl 2000
[R5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R5-acl-basic-2000]q
[R5]int g 0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R5]ping 1.1.1.1
PING 1.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=100 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=30 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=20 ms
Reply from 1.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms
--- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 20/38/100 ms八、条件7：R6远程登陆R5的共有IP地址时，实际登录到R1上
[R1]aaa
[R1-aaa]local-user aaa privilege level 15 password cipher 123456
[R1-aaa]local-user aaa service-type telnet
[R1-aaa]q
[R1]user-interface vty 0 4
[R1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
[R1-ui-vty0-4]q[R5]int g 0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 ins
ide 192.168.1.1
Warning:The port 23 is well-known port. If you continue it may cause function fa
ilure.
Are you sure to continue?[Y/N]:y<R6>telnet 12.0.0.1
Press CTRL_] to quit telnet mode
Trying 12.0.0.1 ...
Connected to 12.0.0.1 ...
Login authentication
Username:aaa
Password:
<R1>