java 正则表达式精确查找和替换指定字符

情形：

        在复制模型的时候，要给名称加上“-复制”。一开始用的是 replace进行全部替换。在测试的时候，出现有元素名称跟模型名称是一样的，这样替换就有问题。这时候要改成正则去匹配和替换对应内容。

{
	"flowModel": {
		"flowMod": 502,
		"flowType": 2,
		"flowTypeName": "普通流程",
		"flowTypeNameUs": "common",
		"flowName": "流程表单模型A",
		"flowNameUs": "流程表单模型A",
		"fieldName": "流程表单模型A",
		"state": "A"
	},
	"formModel": {
		"formId": 108,
		"flowMod": 502,
		"flowName": "流程表单模型A",
		"flowNameUs": "流程表单模型A",
		"formName": "流程表单模型A",
		"formNameUs": "流程表单模型A",
		"fieldName": "流程表单模型A"
	}
}

目标： 替换里面 flowName， flowNameUs，formName和formNameUs的名称

先处理一个

先写正则表单式： 

String pattern ="\"flowName\""+ ":"+"\\s*\"" + modelName + "\"";

\\s*可以匹配0到多个空格

匹配到对应值后，用整个值进行替换

public static String matchReplaceName(String content, String modelName, String newModelName)
    {
        String pattern ="\"flowName\""+ ":"+"\\s*\"" + modelName + "\"";
        System.out.println("pattern "+pattern);
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile(pattern);
        Matcher m = p.matcher(content);
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        while (m.find()) {
            String group = m.group();
            m.appendReplacement(sb, group.replace(modelName, newModelName));
        }
        m.appendTail(sb);
        return sb.toString();
    }

测试：

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String content = initData();
        String modelName = "流程表单模型A";
        String newModelName = "流程表单模型A-复制";
        content = matchReplaceName(content, modelName, newModelName);
        System.out.println(content);
    } 

    private static String initData(){
        String data = "{\n" +
                "\t\"flowModel\": {\n" +
                "\t\t\"flowMod\": 502,\n" +
                "\t\t\"flowType\": 2,\n" +
                "\t\t\"flowTypeName\": \"普通流程\",\n" +
                "\t\t\"flowTypeNameUs\": \"common\",\n" +
                "\t\t\"flowName\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                "\t\t\"flowNameUs\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                "\t\t\"fieldName\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                "\t\t\"state\": \"A\"\n" +
                "\t},\n" +
                "\t\"formModel\": {\n" +
                "\t\t\"formId\": 108,\n" +
                "\t\t\"flowMod\": 502,\n" +
                "\t\t\"flowName\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                "\t\t\"flowNameUs\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                "\t\t\"formName\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                "\t\t\"formNameUs\": \"流程表单模型A\",\n" +
                "\t\t\"fieldName\": \"流程表单模型A\"\n" +
                "\t}\n" +
                "}";
        return data;
    }

结果：

pattern "flowName":\s*"流程表单模型A"
{
	"flowModel": {
		"flowMod": 502,
		"flowType": 2,
		"flowTypeName": "普通流程",
		"flowTypeNameUs": "common",
		"flowName": "流程表单模型A-复制",
		"flowNameUs": "流程表单模型A",
		"fieldName": "流程表单模型A",
		"state": "A"
	},
	"formModel": {
		"formId": 108,
		"flowMod": 502,
		"flowName": "流程表单模型A-复制",
		"flowNameUs": "流程表单模型A",
		"formName": "流程表单模型A",
		"formNameUs": "流程表单模型A",
		"fieldName": "流程表单模型A"
	}
}

多个的：

表达式：

完成了单个，多个的用"|"进行分隔，先继续写单个的，然后拼接多一起

     public static String matchReplaceName(String content, String modelName, String newModelName)
    {
        String condition = ":"+"\\s*\"" + modelName + "\"";
        String pattern1 = "\"flowName\""+condition;
        String pattern2 = "\"flowNameUs\""+condition;
        String pattern3 = "\"formName\""+condition;
        String pattern4 = "\"formNameUs\""+condition;
        String pattern = pattern1 +"|"+pattern2+"|"+ pattern3 +"|"+pattern4;
        System.out.println("pattern "+pattern);
        Pattern p = Pattern.compile(pattern);
        Matcher m = p.matcher(content);
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        while (m.find()) {
            String group = m.group();
            group = group.replace(modelName, newModelName);
            m.appendReplacement(sb, group);
        }
        m.appendTail(sb);
        return sb.toString();
    }

最后可以把pattern的输出弄成一整行

测试结果：

pattern "flowName":\s*"流程表单模型A"|"flowNameUs":\s*"流程表单模型A"|"formName":\s*"流程表单模型A"|"formNameUs":\s*"流程表单模型A"
{
	"flowModel": {
		"flowMod": 502,
		"flowType": 2,
		"flowTypeName": "普通流程",
		"flowTypeNameUs": "common",
		"flowName": "流程表单模型A-复制",
		"flowNameUs": "流程表单模型A-复制",
		"fieldName": "流程表单模型A",
		"state": "A"
	},
	"formModel": {
		"formId": 108,
		"flowMod": 502,
		"flowName": "流程表单模型A-复制",
		"flowNameUs": "流程表单模型A-复制",
		"formName": "流程表单模型A-复制",
		"formNameUs": "流程表单模型A-复制",
		"fieldName": "流程表单模型A"
	}
}

总结：

        如果要精确替换指定字符，可以考虑正则，\\s*可以匹配0到多个空格 适用性会replace更好。先从单个开始入手，再逐个增加，验证，这样更能发现问题和调试。