system_server 进程承载着整个framework的核心服务，例如用来创建ActivityManagerService、PowerManagerService、DisplayManagerService、PackageManagerService、WindowManagerService、LauncherAppsService等核心系统服务

启动流程如下：

1，Zygote启动后fork的第一个进程为SystemServer,在手机中的进程别名为"system_server"，主要用来启动系统中的服务
2，Zygote fork后，进入SystemServer的main()
3，SystemServer在启动过程中，先初始化一些系统变量，加载类库，创建Context对象，创建SystemServiceManager对象等候再启动服务
4，启动的服务分为引导服务(Boot Service)、核心服务(Core Service)和其他服务(Other Service)三大类
5，SystemServer在启动服务前，会尝试与Zygote建立Socket通信，通信成功后才去启动服务
启动的服务都单独运行在SystemServer的各自线程中，同属于SystemServer进程

二，代码分析

2.1 入口

Zygote进程，通过fork()函数，最终孵化出system_server的进程，通过反射的方法启动

SystemServer.java的main()方法

位置：/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java

/**
     * The main entry point from zygote.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new SystemServer().run();
    }

2.2 run()流程

在run()主要是做了一些初始化工作，现在我们来看看初始化的：
1，初始化必要的SystemServer环境参数，如系统时间，默认时区和load一些Library等等，
2，初始化Looper，在主线程中使用的looper就是在SystemServer进行初始化，
3，初始化Context,只有初始化一个Context才能启动Service的操作。

    public SystemServer() {
        // Check for factory test mode.
        mFactoryTestMode = FactoryTest.getMode();

        // Record process start information.
        // Note SYSPROP_START_COUNT will increment by *2* on a FDE device when it fully boots;
        // one for the password screen, second for the actual boot.
        mStartCount = SystemProperties.getInt(SYSPROP_START_COUNT, 0) + 1;
        mRuntimeStartElapsedTime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
        mRuntimeStartUptime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
        Process.setStartTimes(mRuntimeStartElapsedTime, mRuntimeStartUptime);

        // Remember if it's runtime restart(when sys.boot_completed is already set) or reboot
        // We don't use "mStartCount > 1" here because it'll be wrong on a FDE device.
        // TODO: mRuntimeRestart will *not* be set to true if the proccess crashes before
        // sys.boot_completed is set. Fix it.
        mRuntimeRestart = "1".equals(SystemProperties.get("sys.boot_completed"));
    }

    private void run() {
        TimingsTraceAndSlog t = new TimingsTraceAndSlog();
        try {
            t.traceBegin("InitBeforeStartServices");

            // Record the process start information in sys props.
            //使用系统属性来记录进程的启动信息
            SystemProperties.set(SYSPROP_START_COUNT, String.valueOf(mStartCount));
            SystemProperties.set(SYSPROP_START_ELAPSED, String.valueOf(mRuntimeStartElapsedTime));
            SystemProperties.set(SYSPROP_START_UPTIME, String.valueOf(mRuntimeStartUptime));

            EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.SYSTEM_SERVER_START,
                    mStartCount, mRuntimeStartUptime, mRuntimeStartElapsedTime);

            //
            // Default the timezone property to GMT if not set.
            //
            String timezoneProperty = SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.timezone");
            //如果时区为空，设置时区为GMT
            if (timezoneProperty == null || timezoneProperty.isEmpty()) {
                Slog.w(TAG, "Timezone not set; setting to GMT.");
                SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.timezone", "GMT");
            }

            // If the system has "persist.sys.language" and friends set, replace them with
            // "persist.sys.locale". Note that the default locale at this point is calculated
            // using the "-Duser.locale" command line flag. That flag is usually populated by
            // AndroidRuntime using the same set of system properties, but only the system_server
            // and system apps are allowed to set them.
            //
            // NOTE: Most changes made here will need an equivalent change to
            // core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp
            if (!SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.language").isEmpty()) {
                final String languageTag = Locale.getDefault().toLanguageTag();

                SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.locale", languageTag);
                SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.language", "");
                SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.country", "");
                SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.localevar", "");
            }

            // The system server should never make non-oneway calls
            Binder.setWarnOnBlocking(true);
            // The system server should always load safe labels
            PackageItemInfo.forceSafeLabels();

            // Default to FULL within the system server.
            SQLiteGlobal.sDefaultSyncMode = SQLiteGlobal.SYNC_MODE_FULL;

            // Deactivate SQLiteCompatibilityWalFlags until settings provider is initialized
            SQLiteCompatibilityWalFlags.init(null);

            // Here we go!
            Slog.i(TAG, "Entered the Android system server!");
            final long uptimeMillis = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
            EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_SYSTEM_RUN, uptimeMillis);
            if (!mRuntimeRestart) {
                FrameworkStatsLog.write(FrameworkStatsLog.BOOT_TIME_EVENT_ELAPSED_TIME_REPORTED,
                        FrameworkStatsLog
                                .BOOT_TIME_EVENT_ELAPSED_TIME__EVENT__SYSTEM_SERVER_INIT_START,
                        uptimeMillis);
            }

            // In case the runtime switched since last boot (such as when
            // the old runtime was removed in an OTA), set the system
            // property so that it is in sync. We can't do this in
            // libnativehelper's JniInvocation::Init code where we already
            // had to fallback to a different runtime because it is
            // running as root and we need to be the system user to set
            // the property. http://b/11463182
            //设置虚拟机系统属性
            SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.dalvik.vm.lib.2", VMRuntime.getRuntime().vmLibrary());

            // Mmmmmm... more memory!
            //清除vm内存增长限制，由于启动过程需要更多的虚拟机内存空间
            VMRuntime.getRuntime().clearGrowthLimit();

            // Some devices rely on runtime fingerprint generation, so make sure
            // we've defined it before booting further.
            Build.ensureFingerprintProperty();

            // Within the system server, it is an error to access Environment paths without
            // explicitly specifying a user.
            Environment.setUserRequired(true);

            // Within the system server, any incoming Bundles should be defused
            // to avoid throwing BadParcelableException.
            BaseBundle.setShouldDefuse(true);

            // Within the system server, when parceling exceptions, include the stack trace
            Parcel.setStackTraceParceling(true);

            // Ensure binder calls into the system always run at foreground priority.
            BinderInternal.disableBackgroundScheduling(true);

            // Increase the number of binder threads in system_server
            //设置system_server进程中binder线程的最大数量为31
            BinderInternal.setMaxThreads(sMaxBinderThreads);

            // Prepare the main looper thread (this thread).
            android.os.Process.setThreadPriority(
                    android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);
            android.os.Process.setCanSelfBackground(false);
            Looper.prepareMainLooper();
            Looper.getMainLooper().setSlowLogThresholdMs(
                    SLOW_DISPATCH_THRESHOLD_MS, SLOW_DELIVERY_THRESHOLD_MS);

            SystemServiceRegistry.sEnableServiceNotFoundWtf = true;

            // Initialize native services.
            //加载android_servers.so库，初始化native service
            System.loadLibrary("android_servers");

            // Allow heap / perf profiling.
            initZygoteChildHeapProfiling();

            // Debug builds - spawn a thread to monitor for fd leaks.
            if (Build.IS_DEBUGGABLE) {
                spawnFdLeakCheckThread();
            }

            // Check whether we failed to shut down last time we tried.
            // This call may not return.
            performPendingShutdown();

            // Initialize the system context.
            //初始化系统上下文
            createSystemContext();

            // Call per-process mainline module initialization.
            ActivityThread.initializeMainlineModules();

            // Create the system service manager.
            //创建系统服务管理--mSystemServiceManager
            mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
            mSystemServiceManager.setStartInfo(mRuntimeRestart,
                    mRuntimeStartElapsedTime, mRuntimeStartUptime);
            //将mSystemServiceManager添加到本地服务的成员sLocalServiceObjects
            LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
            // Prepare the thread pool for init tasks that can be parallelized
            SystemServerInitThreadPool.start();
            // Attach JVMTI agent if this is a debuggable build and the system property is set.
            if (Build.IS_DEBUGGABLE) {
                // Property is of the form "library_path=parameters".
                String jvmtiAgent = SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.dalvik.jvmtiagent");
                if (!jvmtiAgent.isEmpty()) {
                    int equalIndex = jvmtiAgent.indexOf('=');
                    String libraryPath = jvmtiAgent.substring(0, equalIndex);
                    String parameterList =
                            jvmtiAgent.substring(equalIndex + 1, jvmtiAgent.length());
                    // Attach the agent.
                    try {
                        Debug.attachJvmtiAgent(libraryPath, parameterList, null);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        Slog.e("System", "*************************************************");
                        Slog.e("System", "********** Failed to load jvmti plugin: " + jvmtiAgent);
                    }
                }
            }
        } finally {
            t.traceEnd();  // InitBeforeStartServices
        }

        // Setup the default WTF handler
        RuntimeInit.setDefaultApplicationWtfHandler(SystemServer::handleEarlySystemWtf);

        // Start services.
        try {
            t.traceBegin("StartServices");
            startBootstrapServices(t);// 启动引导服务
            startCoreServices(t);// 启动核心服务
            startOtherServices(t);// 启动其他服务
        } catch (Throwable ex) {
            Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
            Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
            throw ex;
        } finally {
            t.traceEnd(); // StartServices
        }

        StrictMode.initVmDefaults(null);

        if (!mRuntimeRestart && !isFirstBootOrUpgrade()) {
            final long uptimeMillis = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
            FrameworkStatsLog.write(FrameworkStatsLog.BOOT_TIME_EVENT_ELAPSED_TIME_REPORTED,
                    FrameworkStatsLog.BOOT_TIME_EVENT_ELAPSED_TIME__EVENT__SYSTEM_SERVER_READY,
                    uptimeMillis);
            final long maxUptimeMillis = 60 * 1000;
            if (uptimeMillis > maxUptimeMillis) {
                Slog.wtf(SYSTEM_SERVER_TIMING_TAG,
                        "SystemServer init took too long. uptimeMillis=" + uptimeMillis);
            }
        }

        // Diagnostic to ensure that the system is in a base healthy state. Done here as a common
        // non-zygote process.
        if (!VMRuntime.hasBootImageSpaces()) {
            Slog.wtf(TAG, "Runtime is not running with a boot image!");
        }

        // Loop forever.
        //死循环执行
        Looper.loop();
        throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
    }

2.3 createSystemContext

 private void createSystemContext() {
        ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.systemMain();
        //设置系统context
        mSystemContext = activityThread.getSystemContext();
        mSystemContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);

        final Context systemUiContext = activityThread.getSystemUiContext();
        systemUiContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);
    }

位置：/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java

  public ContextImpl getSystemContext() {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mSystemContext == null) {
                mSystemContext = ContextImpl.createSystemContext(this);
            }
            return mSystemContext;
        }
    }

三，启动核心服务

3.1 startBootstrapServices

用于启动系统Boot级服务，有ActivityManagerService, PowerManagerService, LightsService, DisplayManagerService， PackageManagerService， UserManagerService， sensor服务.

private void startBootstrapServices() {
    traceBeginAndSlog("StartWatchdog");
    //启动watchdog
    //尽早启动watchdog，如果在早起启动时发生死锁，我们可以让system_server
    //崩溃，从而进行详细分析
    final Watchdog watchdog = Watchdog.getInstance();
    watchdog.start();
    traceEnd();
 
...
    //添加PLATFORM_COMPAT_SERVICE，Platform compat服务被ActivityManagerService、PackageManagerService
    //以及将来可能出现的其他服务使用。
    traceBeginAndSlog("PlatformCompat");
    ServiceManager.addService(Context.PLATFORM_COMPAT_SERVICE,
            new PlatformCompat(mSystemContext));
    traceEnd();
 
    //阻塞等待installd完成启动，以便有机会创建具有适当权限的关键目录，如/data/user。
    //我们需要在初始化其他服务之前完成此任务。
    traceBeginAndSlog("StartInstaller");
    Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class);
    traceEnd();
...
    //启动服务ActivityManagerService,并为其设置mSystemServiceManager和installer
    traceBeginAndSlog("StartActivityManager");
    ActivityTaskManagerService atm = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
            ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
    mActivityManagerService = ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.startService(mSystemServiceManager, atm);
    mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
    mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);
    mWindowManagerGlobalLock = atm.getGlobalLock();
    traceEnd();
 
    //启动服务PowerManagerService
    //Power manager需要尽早启动，因为其他服务需要它。
    //本机守护进程可能正在监视它的注册，
    //因此它必须准备好立即处理传入的绑定器调用(包括能够验证这些调用的权限)
。
    traceBeginAndSlog("StartPowerManager");
    mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
PowerManagerService.class);
    traceEnd();
 
...
    //初始化power management
    traceBeginAndSlog("InitPowerManagement");
    mActivityManagerService.initPowerManagement();
    traceEnd();
 
    //启动recovery system，以防需要重新启动
    traceBeginAndSlog("StartRecoverySystemService");
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(RecoverySystemService.class);
    traceEnd();
...
    //启动服务LightsService
    //管理led和显示背光，所以我们需要它来打开显示
    traceBeginAndSlog("StartLightsService");
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(LightsService.class);
    traceEnd();
...
    //启动服务DisplayManagerService
    //显示管理器需要在包管理器之前提供显示指标
    traceBeginAndSlog("StartDisplayManager");
    mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class);
    traceEnd();
 
    // Boot Phases: Phase100: 在初始化package manager之前，需要默认的显示.
    traceBeginAndSlog("WaitForDisplay");
    mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
    traceEnd();
 
    //当设备正在加密时，仅运行核心
    String cryptState = VoldProperties.decrypt().orElse("");
    if (ENCRYPTING_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
        Slog.w(TAG, "Detected encryption in progress - only parsing core apps");
        mOnlyCore = true;
    } else if (ENCRYPTED_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
        Slog.w(TAG, "Device encrypted - only parsing core apps");
        mOnlyCore = true;
    }
...
    //启动服务PackageManagerService
    traceBeginAndSlog("StartPackageManagerService");
    try {
        Watchdog.getInstance().pauseWatchingCurrentThread("packagemanagermain");
        mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer,
                mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);
    } finally {
        Watchdog.getInstance().resumeWatchingCurrentThread("packagemanagermain");
    }
...
    //启动服务UserManagerService，新建目录/data/user/
    traceBeginAndSlog("StartUserManagerService");
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(UserManagerService.LifeCycle.class);
    traceEnd();
 
    // Set up the Application instance for the system process and get  started.
    //为系统进程设置应用程序实例并开始。
    //设置AMS
    traceBeginAndSlog("SetSystemProcess");
    mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess();
    traceEnd();
 
    //使用一个ActivityManager实例完成watchdog设置并监听重启，
//只有在ActivityManagerService作为一个系统进程正确启动后才能这样做
    traceBeginAndSlog("InitWatchdog");
    watchdog.init(mSystemContext, mActivityManagerService);
    traceEnd();
 
     //传感器服务需要访问包管理器服务、app ops服务和权限服务，
    //因此我们在它们之后启动它。
    //在单独的线程中启动传感器服务。在使用它之前应该检查完成情况。
    mSensorServiceStart = SystemServerInitThreadPool.get().submit(() -> {
        TimingsTraceLog traceLog = new TimingsTraceLog(
                SYSTEM_SERVER_TIMING_ASYNC_TAG, Trace.
TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER);
        traceLog.traceBegin(START_SENSOR_SERVICE);
        startSensorService(); //启动传感器服务
        traceLog.traceEnd();
    }, START_SENSOR_SERVICE);
}

3.2 startCoreServices

启动核心服务BatteryService，UsageStatsService，WebViewUpdateService、BugreportManagerService、GpuService等.

private void startCoreServices() {
    //启动服务BatteryService，用于统计电池电量，需要LightService.
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(BatteryService.class);
 
    //启动服务UsageStatsService，用于统计应用使用情况
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(UsageStatsService.class);
    mActivityManagerService.setUsageStatsManager(
            LocalServices.getService(UsageStatsManagerInternal.class));
 
    //启动服务WebViewUpdateService
    //跟踪可更新的WebView是否处于就绪状态，并监视更新安装
    if (mPackageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_WEBVIEW)) {
        mWebViewUpdateService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(WebViewUpdateService.class);
    }
 
    //启动CachedDeviceStateService，跟踪和缓存设备状态
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(CachedDeviceStateService.class);
 
    //启动BinderCallsStatsService, 跟踪在绑定器调用中花费的cpu时间
    traceBeginAndSlog("StartBinderCallsStatsService");
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(BinderCallsStatsService.LifeCycle.class);
    traceEnd();
 
    //启动LooperStatsService，跟踪处理程序中处理消息所花费的时间。
    traceBeginAndSlog("StartLooperStatsService");
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(LooperStatsService.Lifecycle.class);
    traceEnd();
 
    //启动RollbackManagerService，管理apk回滚
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(RollbackManagerService.class);
 
    //启动BugreportManagerService，捕获bugreports的服务
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(BugreportManagerService.class);
 
    //启动GpuService，为GPU和GPU驱动程序提供服务。
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(GpuService.class);
}

3.3 startOtherServices

启动其他的服务，开始处理一大堆尚未重构和整理的东西,这里的服务比较多，

private void startOtherServices() {
	...
    //启动TelecomLoaderService，通话相关核心服务
    mSystemServiceManager.startService(TelecomLoaderService.class);
 
    //启动TelephonyRegistry
    telephonyRegistry = new TelephonyRegistry(context);
    ServiceManager.addService("telephony.registry", telephonyRegistry);
	...
	//启动AlarmManagerService，时钟管理
	mSystemServiceManager.startService(new AlarmManagerService(context));
	...
	//启动InputManagerService
	inputManager = new InputManagerService(context);
	ServiceManager.addService(Context.INPUT_SERVICE, inputManager,
            /* allowIsolated= */ false, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL);
	...
	inputManager.setWindowManagerCallbacks(wm.getInputManagerCallback());
    inputManager.start();
	...
	//Phase480:在接收到此启动阶段后，服务可以获得锁设置数据
    mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_LOCK_SETTINGS_READY);
 
    //Phase500:在接收到这个启动阶段之后，服务可以安全地调用核心系统服务，
    //如PowerManager或PackageManager。
    mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_SYSTEM_SERVICES_READY);
	
	mActivityManagerService.systemReady(() -> {
        //Phase550:在接收到此引导阶段后，服务可以广播意图。
        mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(
                SystemService.PHASE_ACTIVITY_MANAGER_READY);
 
		//Phase600:在接收到这个启动阶段后，服务可以启动/绑定到第三方应用程序。
        //此时，应用程序将能够对服务进行绑定调用。
        mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(
        SystemService.PHASE_THIRD_PARTY_APPS_CAN_START);
	}
}

Android SystemServer进程启动流程

Android系统启动篇

Android系统开发准备篇

Android系统开发实践篇

Android系统开发核心知识储备篇

Android核心功能详解篇

一，基础介绍