18、大数据之HBase开发

1. hbase开发

1.1. 配置

HBaseConfiguration

包:org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration

作用:通过此类可以对HBase进行配置

用法实例:

Configuration config = HBaseConfiguration.create();

说明: HBaseConfiguration.create() 默认会从classpath 中查找 hbase-site.xml 中的配置信息,初始化 Configuration 

使用方法:

static Configuration config = null;
static {
     config = HBaseConfiguration.create();
     config.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "slave1,slave2,slave3");
     config.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181");

}


1.2. 表管理类

HBaseAdmin

包:org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin

作用:提供接口关系HBase 数据库中的表信息

 

用法:

HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);


1.3. 表描述类

HTableDescriptor

包:org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor

作用:HTableDescriptor 类包含了表的名字以及表的列族信息

          表的schema(设计)

用法:

HTableDescriptor htd =new HTableDescriptor(tablename);

htd.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(“myFamily”));


1.4. 列族的描述类

HColumnDescriptor

包:org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor

作用:HColumnDescriptor 维护列族的信息

 

用法:

htd.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(“myFamily”));


1.5. 创建表的操作

CreateTable(一般我们用shell创建表)

static Configuration config = null;

static {

     config = HBaseConfiguration.create();

     config.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "slave1,slave2,slave3");

     config.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181");

}

 

HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);

HTableDescriptor desc = new HTableDescriptor(tableName);

HColumnDescriptor family1 = new HColumnDescriptor(“f1”);

HColumnDescriptor family2 = new HColumnDescriptor(“f2”);

desc.addFamily(family1);

desc.addFamily(family2);

admin.createTable(desc);


1.6. 删除表

HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);

admin.disableTable(tableName);

admin.deleteTable(tableName);


1.7. 创建一个表的类

HTable

包:org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable

作用:HTable HBase 的表通信

用法:

// 普通获取表

 HTable table = new HTable(config,Bytes.toBytes(tablename);

// 通过连接池获取表

Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(config);

HTableInterface table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));


1.8. 单条插入数据

Put

包:org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put

作用:插入数据

用法:

Put put = new Put(row);

p.add(family,qualifier,value);

说明:向表 tablename 添加 “family,qualifier,value”指定的值。

 

示例代码:

Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(config);

HTableInterface table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));

Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));

put.add(Bytes.toBytes(family), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier),Bytes.toBytes(value));

table.put(put);


1.9. 批量插入

批量插入

List<Put> list = new ArrayList<Put>();

Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));//获取put,用于插入

put.add(Bytes.toBytes(family), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier),Bytes.toBytes(value));//封装信息

list.add(put);

table.put(list);//添加记录


1.10. 删除数据

Delete

包:org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete

作用:删除给定rowkey的数据

用法:

Delete del= new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));

table.delete(del);

代码实例

Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(config);

HTableInterface table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));

Delete del= new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));

table.delete(del);


1.11. 单条查询

Get

包:org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get

作用:获取单个行的数据

用法:

HTable table = new HTable(config,Bytes.toBytes(tablename));

Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(row));

Result result = table.get(get);

说明:获取 tablename 表中 row 行的对应数据

 

代码示例:

Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(config);

HTableInterface table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));

Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes());

Result row = table.get(get);

for (KeyValue kv : row.raw()) {

System.out.print(new String(kv.getRow()) + " ");

System.out.print(new String(kv.getFamily()) + ":");

System.out.print(new String(kv.getQualifier()) + " = ");

System.out.print(new String(kv.getValue()));

System.out.print(" timestamp = " + kv.getTimestamp() + "\n");

}


1.12. 批量查询

ResultScanner

包:org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner

作用:获取值的接口

用法:

ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);

For(Result rowResult : scanner){

        Bytes[] str = rowResult.getValue(family,column);

}

说明:循环获取行中列值。

 

代码示例:

Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(config);

HTableInterface table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("user"));

Scan scan = new Scan();

scan.setStartRow("a1".getBytes());

scan.setStopRow("a20".getBytes());

ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);

for (Result row : scanner) {

System.out.println("\nRowkey: " + new String(row.getRow()));

for (KeyValue kv : row.raw()) {

     System.out.print(new String(kv.getRow()) + " ");

     System.out.print(new String(kv.getFamily()) + ":");

     System.out.print(new String(kv.getQualifier()) + " = ");

     System.out.print(new String(kv.getValue()));

     System.out.print(" timestamp = " + kv.getTimestamp() + "\n");

}

}

1.13. hbase过滤器

1.13.1. FilterList

FilterList 代表一个过滤器列表,可以添加多个过滤器进行查询,多个过滤器之间的关系有:

与关系(符合所有):FilterList.Operator.MUST_PASS_ALL  

或关系(符合任一):FilterList.Operator.MUST_PASS_ONE

 

使用方法:

FilterList filterList = new FilterList(FilterList.Operator.MUST_PASS_ONE);   

Scan s1 = new Scan();  

 filterList.addFilter(new SingleColumnValueFilter(Bytes.toBytes(“f1”),  Bytes.toBytes(“c1”),  CompareOp.EQUAL,Bytes.toBytes(“v1”) )  );  

filterList.addFilter(new SingleColumnValueFilter(Bytes.toBytes(“f1”),  Bytes.toBytes(“c2”),  CompareOp.EQUAL,Bytes.toBytes(“v2”) )  );  

 // 添加下面这一行后,则只返回指定的cell,同一行中的其他cell不返回  

 s1.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(“f1”), Bytes.toBytes(“c1”));  

 s1.setFilter(filterList);  //设置filter

 ResultScanner ResultScannerFilterList = table.getScanner(s1);  //返回结果列表


1.13.2. 过滤器的种类

过滤器的种类:

列植过滤器SingleColumnValueFilter

      过滤列植的相等、不等、范围等

列名前缀过滤器—ColumnPrefixFilter

      过滤指定前缀的列名

多个列名前缀过滤器MultipleColumnPrefixFilter

       过滤多个指定前缀的列名

rowKey过滤器—RowFilter

      通过正则,过滤rowKey值。


1.13.3. 列植过滤器—SingleColumnValueFilter

SingleColumnValueFilter 列值判断

相等 (CompareOp.EQUAL ),

不等(CompareOp.NOT_EQUAL),

范围 (e.g., CompareOp.GREATER)…………

下面示例检查列值和字符串'values' 相等...

SingleColumnValueFilter f = new  SingleColumnValueFilter(

Bytes.toBytes("cFamily")              Bytes.toBytes("column"), CompareFilter.CompareOp.EQUAL,

        Bytes.toBytes("values"));

s1.setFilter(f);

注意:如果过滤器过滤的列在数据表中有的行中不存在,那么这个过滤器对此行无法过滤。


1.13.4. 列名前缀过滤器—ColumnPrefixFilter

过滤器ColumnPrefixFilter

ColumnPrefixFilter 用于指定列名前缀值相等

ColumnPrefixFilter f = new ColumnPrefixFilter(Bytes.toBytes("values"));

s1.setFilter(f);


1.13.5. 多个列值前缀过滤器—MultipleColumnPrefixFilter

MultipleColumnPrefixFilter ColumnPrefixFilter 行为差不多,但可以指定多个前缀

byte[][] prefixes = new byte[][] {Bytes.toBytes("value1"),Bytes.toBytes("value2")};

Filter f = new MultipleColumnPrefixFilter(prefixes);

s1.setFilter(f);


1.13.6. rowKey过滤器—RowFilter

RowFilter rowkey过滤器

通常根据rowkey来指定范围时,使用scan扫描器的StartRowStopRow方法比较好。

Filter f = new RowFilter(CompareFilter.CompareOp.EQUAL, new RegexStringComparator("^1234")); //匹配以1234开头的rowkey

s1.setFilter(f);

 

2. MapReduce操作Hbase

2.1. 实现方法

HbaseMapReduce提供支持,它实现了TableMapper类和TableReducer类,我们只需要继承这两个类即可。


1、写个mapper继承TableMapper<Text, IntWritable>

参数:Textmapper的输出key类型; IntWritablemapper的输出value类型。

      其中的map方法如下:

map(ImmutableBytesWritable key, Result value,Context context)

 参数:keyrowKeyvalueResult ,一行数据; context上下文


2、写个reduce继承TableReducer<Text, IntWritable, ImmutableBytesWritable>

参数:Text:reducer的输入keyIntWritablereduce的输入value

 ImmutableBytesWritablereduce输出到hbase中的rowKey类型。

      其中的reduce方法如下:

reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,Context context)

参数: keyreduce的输入keyvaluesreduce的输入value

 

2.2. 准备表

1、建立数据来源表‘word’,包含一个列族‘content

向表中添加数据,在列族中放入列info’,并将短文数据放入该列中,如此插入多行,行键为不同的数据即可

2、建立输出表‘stat’,包含一个列族‘content

3、通过Mr操作Hbase的‘word’表,对‘contentinfo’中的短文做词频统计,并将统计结果写入‘stat’表的‘contentinfo中’,行键为单词


2.3. 实现

package com.itcast.hbase;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HTable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.io.ImmutableBytesWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableMapReduceUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableMapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.mapreduce.TableReducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
/**
 * mapreduce操作hbase
 * @author wilson
 *
 */
public class HBaseMr {
	/**
	 * 创建hbase配置
	 */
	static Configuration config = null;
	static {
		config = HBaseConfiguration.create();
		config.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "slave1,slave2,slave3");
		config.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181");
	}
	/**
	 * 表信息
	 */
	public static final String tableName = "word";//表名1
	public static final String colf = "content";//列族
	public static final String col = "info";//列
	public static final String tableName2 = "stat";//表名2
	/**
	 * 初始化表结构,及其数据
	 */
	public static void initTB() {
		HTable table=null;
		HBaseAdmin admin=null;
		try {
			admin = new HBaseAdmin(config);//创建表管理
			/*删除表*/
			if (admin.tableExists(tableName)||admin.tableExists(tableName2)) {
				System.out.println("table is already exists!");
				admin.disableTable(tableName);
				admin.deleteTable(tableName);
				admin.disableTable(tableName2);
				admin.deleteTable(tableName2);
			}
			/*创建表*/
				HTableDescriptor desc = new HTableDescriptor(tableName);
				HColumnDescriptor family = new HColumnDescriptor(colf);
				desc.addFamily(family);
				admin.createTable(desc);
				HTableDescriptor desc2 = new HTableDescriptor(tableName2);
				HColumnDescriptor family2 = new HColumnDescriptor(colf);
				desc2.addFamily(family2);
				admin.createTable(desc2);
			/*插入数据*/
				table = new HTable(config,tableName);
				table.setAutoFlush(false);
				table.setWriteBufferSize(5);
				List<Put> lp = new ArrayList<Put>();
				Put p1 = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("1"));
				p1.add(colf.getBytes(), col.getBytes(),	("The Apache Hadoop software library is a framework").getBytes());
				lp.add(p1);
				Put p2 = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("2"));p2.add(colf.getBytes(),col.getBytes(),("The common utilities that support the other Hadoop modules").getBytes());
				lp.add(p2);
				Put p3 = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("3"));
				p3.add(colf.getBytes(), col.getBytes(),("Hadoop by reading the documentation").getBytes());
				lp.add(p3);
				Put p4 = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("4"));
				p4.add(colf.getBytes(), col.getBytes(),("Hadoop from the release page").getBytes());
				lp.add(p4);
				Put p5 = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("5"));
				p5.add(colf.getBytes(), col.getBytes(),("Hadoop on the mailing list").getBytes());
				lp.add(p5);
				table.put(lp);
				table.flushCommits();
				lp.clear();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				if(table!=null){
					table.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
	/**
	 * MyMapper 继承 TableMapper
	 * TableMapper<Text,IntWritable> 
	 * Text:输出的key类型,
	 * IntWritable:输出的value类型
	 */
	public static class MyMapper extends TableMapper<Text, IntWritable> {
		private static IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
		private static Text word = new Text();
		@Override
		//输入的类型为:key:rowKey; value:一行数据的结果集Result
		protected void map(ImmutableBytesWritable key, Result value,
				Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
			//获取一行数据中的colf:col
			String words = Bytes.toString(value.getValue(Bytes.toBytes(colf), Bytes.toBytes(col)));// 表里面只有一个列族,所以我就直接获取每一行的值
			//按空格分割
			String itr[] = words.toString().split(" ");
			//循环输出word和1
			for (int i = 0; i < itr.length; i++) {
				word.set(itr[i]);
				context.write(word, one);
			}
		}
	}
	/**
	 * MyReducer 继承 TableReducer
	 * TableReducer<Text,IntWritable> 
	 * Text:输入的key类型,
	 * IntWritable:输入的value类型,
	 * ImmutableBytesWritable:输出类型,表示rowkey的类型
	 */
	public static class MyReducer extends
			TableReducer<Text, IntWritable, ImmutableBytesWritable> {
		@Override
		protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,
				Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
			//对mapper的数据求和
			int sum = 0;
			for (IntWritable val : values) {//叠加
				sum += val.get();
			}
			// 创建put,设置rowkey为单词
			Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(key.toString()));
			// 封装数据
			put.add(Bytes.toBytes(colf), Bytes.toBytes(col),Bytes.toBytes(String.valueOf(sum)));
			//写到hbase,需要指定rowkey、put
			context.write(new ImmutableBytesWritable(Bytes.toBytes(key.toString())),put);
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException,
			ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
		config.set("df.default.name", "hdfs://master:9000/");//设置hdfs的默认路径
		config.set("hadoop.job.ugi", "hadoop,hadoop");//用户名,组
		config.set("mapred.job.tracker", "master:9001");//设置jobtracker在哪
		//初始化表
		initTB();//初始化表
		//创建job
		Job job = new Job(config, "HBaseMr");//job
		job.setJarByClass(HBaseMr.class);//主类
		//创建scan
		Scan scan = new Scan();
		//可以指定查询某一列
		scan.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(colf), Bytes.toBytes(col));
		//创建查询hbase的mapper,设置表名、scan、mapper类、mapper的输出key、mapper的输出value
		TableMapReduceUtil.initTableMapperJob(tableName, scan, MyMapper.class,Text.class, IntWritable.class, job);
		//创建写入hbase的reducer,指定表名、reducer类、job
		TableMapReduceUtil.initTableReducerJob(tableName2, MyReducer.class, job);
		System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
	}
}


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