Spring Boot开发之参数处理
1 普通参数
1 注解
包括: @PathVariable、@RequestHeader、@ModelAttribute、@RequestParam、@MatrixVariable、@CookieValue、@RequestBody等
@GetMapping("/car/{id}/owner/{username}")
public Map<String,Object> getCar(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,
@PathVariable("username") String name,
@PathVariable Map<String,String> pv,
@RequestHeader("User-Agent") String userAgent,
@RequestHeader Map<String,String> header,
@RequestParam("age") Integer age,
@RequestParam("inters") List<String> inters,
@RequestParam Map<String,String> params,
@CookieValue("_ga") String _ga,
@CookieValue("_ga") Cookie cookie){
// xxx
}
2 Servlet的API
涉及类为: WebRequest、ServletRequest、MultipartRequest、 HttpSession、javax.servlet.http.PushBuilder、Principal、InputStream、Reader、HttpMethod、Locale、TimeZone、ZoneId.
@Override
public boolean supportsParameter(MethodParameter parameter) {
Class<?> paramType = parameter.getParameterType();
return (WebRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
ServletRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
MultipartRequest.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
HttpSession.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
(pushBuilder != null && pushBuilder.isAssignableFrom(paramType)) ||
Principal.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
InputStream.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
Reader.class.isAssignableFrom(paramType) ||
HttpMethod.class == paramType ||
Locale.class == paramType ||
TimeZone.class == paramType ||
ZoneId.class == paramType);
}
3 复杂参数
Map、**Model（map、model里面的数据会被放在request的请求域 request.setAttribute）、**Errors/BindingResult、RedirectAttributes（ 重定向携带数据）、ServletResponse（response）、SessionStatus、UriComponentsBuilder、ServletUriComponentsBuilder
Map<String,Object> map, Model model, HttpServletRequest request 都是可以给request域中放数据
// request中取值
request.getAttribute();
4 自定义对象参数
可以自动类型转换与格式化，可以级联封装.
/**
* 姓名： <input name="userName"/> <br/>
* 年龄： <input name="age"/> <br/>
* 生日： <input name="birth"/> <br/>
* 宠物姓名：<input name="pet.name"/><br/>
* 宠物年龄：<input name="pet.age"/>
*/
@Data
public class Person {
private String userName;
private Integer age;
private Date birth;
private Pet pet;
}
@Data
public class Pet {
private String name;
private String age;
}
2 参数处理原理
- HandlerMapping中找到能处理请求的Handler（Controller.method()）
- 为当前Handler 找一个适配器 HandlerAdapter
- 适配器执行目标方法并确定方法参数的每一个值
1 HandlerAdapter
支持方法上标注的@RequestMapping , 支持函数式编程的.
2 执行目标方法
// Actually invoke the handler.
//DispatcherServlet -- doDispatch
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
mav = invokeHandlerMethod(request, response, handlerMethod); //执行目标方法
//ServletInvocableHandlerMethod
Object returnValue = invokeForRequest(webRequest, mavContainer, providedArgs);
//获取方法的参数值
Object[] args = getMethodArgumentValues(request, mavContainer, providedArgs);
3 参数解析器
HandlerMethodArgumentResolver, 参数解析器:
确定将要执行的目标方法的每一个参数的值是什么, SpringMVC目标方法能写多少种参数类型。取决于参数解析器.
提供两个方法:
- 当前解析器是否支持解析这种参数 supportsParameter
- 支持就调用 resolveArgument
4 确定方法参数值
protected Object[] getMethodArgumentValues(NativeWebRequest request, @Nullable ModelAndViewContainer mavContainer,
Object... providedArgs) throws Exception {
MethodParameter[] parameters = getMethodParameters();
if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(parameters)) {
return EMPTY_ARGS;
}
Object[] args = new Object[parameters.length];
for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
MethodParameter parameter = parameters[i];
parameter.initParameterNameDiscovery(this.parameterNameDiscoverer);
args[i] = findProvidedArgument(parameter, providedArgs);
if (args[i] != null) {
continue;
}
if (!this.resolvers.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
throw new IllegalStateException(formatArgumentError(parameter, "No suitable resolver"));
}
try {
args[i] = this.resolvers.resolveArgument(parameter, mavContainer, request, this.dataBinderFactory);
}
catch (Exception ex) {
// Leave stack trace for later, exception may actually be resolved and handled...
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
String exMsg = ex.getMessage();
if (exMsg != null && !exMsg.contains(parameter.getExecutable().toGenericString())) {
logger.debug(formatArgumentError(parameter, exMsg));
}
}
throw ex;
}
}
return args;
}
遍历判断所有参数解析器
@Nullable
private HandlerMethodArgumentResolver getArgumentResolver(MethodParameter parameter) {
HandlerMethodArgumentResolver result = this.argumentResolverCache.get(parameter);
if (result == null) {
for (HandlerMethodArgumentResolver resolver : this.argumentResolvers) {
if (resolver.supportsParameter(parameter)) {
result = resolver;
this.argumentResolverCache.put(parameter, result);
break;
}
}
}
return result;
}
解析参数
调用各自 HandlerMethodArgumentResolver 的 resolveArgument 方法即可
5 目标方法执行完成
将所有的数据都放在 ModelAndViewContainer；包含要去的页面地址View。还包含Model数据。
6 处理派发结果
结果派发涉及到:
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
renderMergedOutputModel(mergedModel, getRequestToExpose(request), response);
@Override
protected void renderMergedOutputModel(
Map<String, Object> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// Expose the model object as request attributes.
exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, request);
// Expose helpers as request attributes, if any.
exposeHelpers(request);
// Determine the path for the request dispatcher.
String dispatcherPath = prepareForRendering(request, response);
// Obtain a RequestDispatcher for the target resource (typically a JSP).
RequestDispatcher rd = getRequestDispatcher(request, dispatcherPath);
if (rd == null) {
throw new ServletException("Could not get RequestDispatcher for [" + getUrl() +
"]: Check that the corresponding file exists within your web application archive!");
}
// If already included or response already committed, perform include, else forward.
if (useInclude(request, response)) {
response.setContentType(getContentType());
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Including [" + getUrl() + "]");
}
rd.include(request, response);
}
else {
// Note: The forwarded resource is supposed to determine the content type itself.
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Forwarding to [" + getUrl() + "]");
}
rd.forward(request, response);
}
}
暴露模型作为请求域属性: exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(model, request);
protected void exposeModelAsRequestAttributes(Map<String, Object> model,
HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
// model中的所有数据遍历挨个放在请求域中
model.forEach((name, value) -> {
if (value != null) {
request.setAttribute(name, value);
}
else {
request.removeAttribute(name);
}
});
}