MongoDB5搭建部署

1.MongoDB简介

MongoDB官方网站：https://www.mongodb.com

MongoDB最大的特点是表结构灵活可变，字段类型可以随时修改。MongoDB中的每一行数据只是简单的被转化成Json格式后存储，因此MongoDB中没有MySQL中表结构这样的概念，可以直接将任意结构的数据塞入同一个表中，不必考虑表结构，更不必像MySQL一样因为要修改数据表结构而大费周折。

MongoDB不需要定义表结构这个特点给表结构的修改带来了极大的方便，但是也给多表查询、复杂事务等高级操作带来了阻碍。因此，如果数据的逻辑结构非常复杂，经常需要进行复杂的多表查询或者事务操作，那显然还是MySQL这类关系型数据库更合适

面向集合存储，易存储对象类型的数据
支持查询,以及动态查询
支持RUBY，PYTHON，JAVA，C++，PHP，C#等多种语言
文件存储格式为BSON（一种JSON的扩展）
支持复制和故障恢复和分片
支持事务支持
索引聚合关联…

MongoDB结构对比

RDBMS	MongoDB
数据库	数据库
表	集合
行	文档
列	字段

在MongoDB中，集合就是table表的概念

2.安装部署

本次部署环境为CentOS 7.4 ,搭建部署MongoDB-5.0.15
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core)

2-1.下载安装包

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ cd /opt/software
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ wget https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.15-rc2.tgz

2-2.创建MongoDB相关目录

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ cd /opt/module/
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 module]$ mkdir MongoDB
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 module]$ cd MongoDB/
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ mkdir data log

路径均可自定义配置

/opt/module/MongoDB为mongo项目路径

data目录为数据保存路径

log为日志保存路径

2-2.解压安装包

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ cd /opt/software
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ tar -zxvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.15-rc2.tgz -C /opt/module/MongoDB/
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 software]$ cd /opt/module/MongoDB
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel70-5.0.15-rc2 mongodbServer

2-3.定义相关配置

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ vim mongodbServer/bin/mongod.conf
storage:
    dbPath: "/opt/module/MongoDB/data"
systemLog:
    destination: file
    path: "/opt/module/MongoDB/log/mongod.log"
    logAppend: true
net:
    port: 27017
    bindIpAll: true
processManagement:
    fork: true

2-4.配置环境变量

# 增加mongo相关配置
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ sudo vim /etc/profile
# mongo
export MONGODB_HOME=/usr/local/MongoDB/mongodbServer
export PATH=$PATH:$MONGODB_HOME/bin

# 引用环境变量
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ source /etc/profile

启动服务方式：

mongod命令 --config 配置文件路径

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ mongod --config /opt/module/MongoDB/mongodbServer/bin/mongod.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 12601
child process started successfully, parent exiting

2-5.编写启停脚本

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ vim mymongo
#!/bin/bash

start() {
    
      
/opt/module/MongoDB/mongodbServer/bin/mongod  --config /opt/module/MongoDB/mongodbServer/bin/mongod.conf 
}  
  
stop() {
    
      
/opt/module/MongoDB/mongodbServer/bin/mongod --config /opt/module/MongoDB/mongodbServer/bin/mongod.conf --shutdown  
}  
case "$1" in  
  start)  
 start  
 ;;  
  
stop)  
 stop  
 ;;  
  
restart)  
 stop  
 start  
 ;;  
  *)  
 echo  
$"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"  
 exit 1  
esac

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ chmod +x mymongo

2-6.启动停止服务

# 停止服务
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mymongo stop
killing process with pid: 12601
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ netstat -tnlpu|grep 27017
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$
# 启动服务
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mymongo start
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 13747
child process started successfully, parent exiting
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ netstat -tnlpu|grep 27017
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27017           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13747/mongod

2-7.初次登录验证

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mongo
MongoDB shell version v5.0.15-rc2
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session {
    
     "id" : UUID("62eb0433-074a-4417-b869-6f2132a955f0") }
MongoDB server version: 5.0.15-rc2
================
Warning: the "mongo" shell has been superseded by "mongosh",
which delivers improved usability and compatibility.The "mongo" shell has been deprecated and will be removed in
an upcoming release.
For installation instructions, see
https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/install/
================
> use admin
switched to db admin
> exit
bye

2-8.设置超级管理员账号和密码

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mongo
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.createUser({
    
    
  user: 'admin',
  pwd: 'admin123',
  roles:[{
    
    
    role: 'root',
    db: 'admin'
  }]
})

Successfully added user: {
    
    
        "user" : "admin",
        "roles" : [
                {
    
    
                        "role" : "root",
                        "db" : "admin"
                }
        ]
}

其它用户相关常用命令：

show users  //查看当前库下的用户
db.dropUser('testadmin')  // 删除用户
db.updateUser('admin', {
     
     pwd: 'newpasswd'})  // 修改用户密码
db.auth('admin', 'password')  // 密码认证

2-9.设置数据库读写用户

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mongo
> use bigdatadb
switched to db bigdatadb
> db.createUser({
    
    
...   user: 'bigdata',
...   pwd: 'bigdata123',
...   roles:[{
    
    
...     role: 'readWrite',
...     db: 'bigdatadb'
...   }]
... })
Successfully added user: {
    
    
        "user" : "bigdata",
        "roles" : [
                {
    
    
                        "role" : "readWrite",
                        "db" : "bigdatadb"
                }
        ]
}
> exit
bye

MongoDB 数据库角色信息：

角色描述	角色标识
数据库用户角色	read、readWrite
数据库管理角色	dbAdmin、dbOwner、userAdmin
集群管理角色	clusterAdmin、clusterManager、clusterMonitor、hostManager
备份恢复角色	backup、restore
所有数据库角色	readAnyDatabase、readWriteAnyDatabase、userAdminAnyDatabase、 dbAdminAnyDatabase
超级用户角色	root

2-10.开启权限验证

# 在配置文件最后增加新配置项security，enabled为开启
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 MongoDB]$ vim mongodbServer/bin/mongod.conf
storage:
    dbPath: "/opt/module/MongoDB/data"
systemLog:
    destination: file
    path: "/opt/module/MongoDB/log/mongod.log"
    logAppend: true
net:
    port: 27017
    bindIpAll: true
processManagement:
    fork: true
security:
  authorization: enabled

需要重启服务生效

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mymongo stop
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mymongo start

2-11.查看用户列表

show users

> show users
{
    
    
        "_id" : "admin.admin",
        "userId" : UUID("df225aee-a01b-45f4-9716-389b9fe20465"),
        "user" : "admin",
        "db" : "admin",
        "roles" : [
                {
    
    
                        "role" : "root",
                        "db" : "admin"
                }
        ],
        "mechanisms" : [
                "SCRAM-SHA-1",
                "SCRAM-SHA-256"
        ]
}
{
    
    
        "_id" : "admin.bigdata",
        "userId" : UUID("fbf096c7-3a82-49de-a1ea-fed235269cd1"),
        "user" : "bigdata",
        "db" : "admin",
        "roles" : [
                {
    
    
                        "role" : "dbOwner",
                        "db" : "bigdatadb"
                }
        ],
        "mechanisms" : [
                "SCRAM-SHA-1",
                "SCRAM-SHA-256"
        ]
}

3.验证调试及使用介绍

3-1.访问MongoDB

方式1（常用）：

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 ~]$ mongo admin --host 172.20.12.179 --port 27017 -u admin -p admin123

方式2：

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ mongo
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth('admin', 'admin123')
1
> db
admin

普通用户访问方式相同：

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 ~]$ mongo bigdatadb --host 172.20.12.179 --port 27017 -u bigdata -p bigdata123
> db
bigdatadb
> exit
bye

3-2.MongoDB远程连接控制

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 ~]$ cd /opt/module/MongoDB/mongodbServer/bin/
[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 bin]$ vim mongod.conf
storage:
    dbPath: "/opt/module/MongoDB/data"
systemLog:
    destination: file
    path: "/opt/module/MongoDB/log/mongod.log"
    logAppend: true
net:
    port: 27017
    bindIpAll: true
processManagement:
    fork: true
security:
  authorization: enabled

bindIp: 0.0.0.0 或者 bindIpAll: true 即允许所有的IPv4和IPv6地址访问

net.bindIp和net.bindIpAll是互斥的。可以指定其中一个，但不能同时指定两个配置

如需要指定个别IP或者某个网段访问可以配置bindIp

例如：

bindIp:192.168.3.11，192.168.3.12，192.168.3.13

bindIp: localhost

3-3.MongoDB使用介绍

[wangting@hdt-dmcp-ops05 ~]$ mongo admin --host 172.20.12.179 --port 27017 -u admin -p admin123
> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB

切换数据库

> use bigdata
switched to db bigdata

注意: use 代表创建并使用,当库中没有数据时默认不显示这个库

删除数据库

db.dropDatabase()

> use test111
switched to db test111
> db.dropDatabase()
{
    
     "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
admin    0.000GB
bigdata  0.000GB
config   0.000GB
local    0.000GB
>

查看表清单

> show tables
# 或者
> show collections

表创建

db.createCollection('集合名称', [options])

> db.createCollection("table1")
{
    
     "ok" : 1 }
> show tables
table1

[options]可选参数：

字段	类型	描述
capped	布尔	（可选）如果为 true，则创建固定集合。固定集合是指有着固定大小的集合，当达到最大值时，它会自动覆盖最早的文档。当该值为 true 时，必须指定 size 参数
size	数值	（可选）为固定集合指定一个最大值，即字节数。如果 capped 为 true，也需要指定该字段
max	数值	（可选）指定固定集合中包含文档的最大数量

注意:当集合(表)不存在时,向集合中插入文档也会自动创建该集合

表中插入数据

db.【表名】.insert("【JSON格式的数据】")

> db.table1.insert({
    
    "id":"1","name":"wangting111"})
WriteResult({
    
     "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.table1.insert({
    
    "id":"2","name":"wangting222"})
WriteResult({
    
     "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.table1.insert({
    
    "id":"3","name":"wangting333"})
WriteResult({
    
     "nInserted" : 1 })
>

查看表中数据

> db.table1.find()
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5a21faa98d270a51a7968"), "id" : "1", "name" : "wangting111" }
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5a228aa98d270a51a7969"), "id" : "2", "name" : "wangting222" }
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5a22faa98d270a51a796a"), "id" : "3", "name" : "wangting333" }
>

删除集合(表)

> show tables;
table1
> db.table1.drop()
true
> show tables;
>

文档操作

# 单条文档
> db.table1.insert({
    
    "name":"wang111","age":18,"bir":"1989-09-07"});
WriteResult({
    
     "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.table1.find()
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5a96c86e1dd7e4acc842f"), "name" : "wang111", "age" : 18, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }

# 多条文档
db.table1.insert([
  	{
    
    "name":"wang222","age":18,"bir":"1989-09-08"},
  	{
    
    "name":"wang333","age":18,"bir":"1989-09-09"},
  	{
    
    "name":"wang444","age":20,"bir":"1989-09-10"},
  	{
    
    "name":"wang555","age":19,"bir":"1989-09-11"}
]);

BulkWriteResult({
    
    
        "writeErrors" : [ ],
        "writeConcernErrors" : [ ],
        "nInserted" : 4,
        "nUpserted" : 0,
        "nMatched" : 0,
        "nModified" : 0,
        "nRemoved" : 0,
        "upserted" : [ ]
})
> db.table1.find()
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5a96c86e1dd7e4acc842f"), "name" : "wang111", "age" : 18, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5aac286e1dd7e4acc8430"), "name" : "wang222", "age" : 18, "bir" : "1989-09-08" }
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5aac286e1dd7e4acc8431"), "name" : "wang333", "age" : 18, "bir" : "1989-09-09" }
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5aac286e1dd7e4acc8432"), "name" : "wang444", "age" : 20, "bir" : "1989-09-10" }
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5aac286e1dd7e4acc8433"), "name" : "wang555", "age" : 19, "bir" : "1989-09-11" }
>
# 支持利用代码循环批量插入
> for(let i=0;i<10;i++){
    
    
    db.table1.insert({
    
    "_id":i,"name":"wang"+i,"age" : 18+i,"bir" : "1989-09-07"})
}
WriteResult({
    
     "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.table1.find()
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5a96c86e1dd7e4acc842f"), "name" : "wang111", "age" : 18, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5aac286e1dd7e4acc8430"), "name" : "wang222", "age" : 18, "bir" : "1989-09-08" }
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5aac286e1dd7e4acc8431"), "name" : "wang333", "age" : 18, "bir" : "1989-09-09" }
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5aac286e1dd7e4acc8432"), "name" : "wang444", "age" : 20, "bir" : "1989-09-10" }
{
    
     "_id" : ObjectId("63f5aac286e1dd7e4acc8433"), "name" : "wang555", "age" : 19, "bir" : "1989-09-11" }
{
    
     "_id" : 0, "name" : "wang0", "age" : 18, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{
    
     "_id" : 1, "name" : "wang1", "age" : 19, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{
    
     "_id" : 2, "name" : "wang2", "age" : 20, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{
    
     "_id" : 3, "name" : "wang3", "age" : 21, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{
    
     "_id" : 4, "name" : "wang4", "age" : 22, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{
    
     "_id" : 5, "name" : "wang5", "age" : 23, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{
    
     "_id" : 6, "name" : "wang6", "age" : 24, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{
    
     "_id" : 7, "name" : "wang7", "age" : 25, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{
    
     "_id" : 8, "name" : "wang8", "age" : 26, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }
{
    
     "_id" : 9, "name" : "wang9", "age" : 27, "bir" : "1989-09-07" }
>

MongoDB5安装部署和使用介绍