HarmonyOS学习路之开发篇—Java UI框架(TableLayout)

TableLayout

TableLayout使用表格的方式划分子组件。

支持的XML属性

TableLayout的共有XML属性继承自：Component

TableLayout的自有XML属性见下表：

属性名称	中文描述	取值	取值说明	使用案例
alignment_type	对齐方式	align_edges	表示TableLayout内的组件按边界对齐。	ohos:alignment_type="align_edges"
		align_contents	表示TableLayout内的组件按边距对齐。	ohos:alignment_type="align_contents"
column_count	列数	integer类型	可以直接设置整型数值，也可以引用integer资源。	ohos:column_count="3" ohos:column_count="$integer:count"
row_count	行数	integer类型	可以直接设置整型数值，也可以引用integer资源。	ohos:row_count="2" ohos:row_count="$integer:count"
orientation	排列方向	horizontal	表示水平方向布局。	ohos:orientation="horizontal"
		vertical	表示垂直方向布局。	ohos:orientation="vertical"

TableLayout的创建

• 在XML中创建TableLayout，示例代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TableLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:background_element="#87CEEB"
    ohos:padding="8vp">
</TableLayout>

• 添加子组件

a.在graphic文件夹下创建Text的背景table_text_bg_element.xml，示例代码如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
       ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <corners
        ohos:radius="5vp"/>
    <stroke
        ohos:width="1vp"
        ohos:color="gray"/>
    <solid
        ohos:color="#00BFFF"/>
</shape>

b.在TableLayout布局中添加子组件。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TableLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:background_element="#87CEEB"
    ohos:padding="8vp">
    <Text
        ohos:height="60vp"
        ohos:width="60vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="8vp"
        ohos:text="1"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="60vp"
        ohos:width="60vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="8vp"
        ohos:text="2"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="60vp"
        ohos:width="60vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="8vp"
        ohos:text="3"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="60vp"
        ohos:width="60vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="8vp"
        ohos:text="4"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"/>
</TableLayout>

TableLayout默认一列多行

 设置行列数

<TableLayout
    ...
    ohos:row_count="2"
    ohos:column_count="2">

 设置TableLayout的行为2，列为2效果

设置布局排列方向

在XML中设置布局排列方向，以“vertical”为例：

<TableLayout
    ...
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
    ...
</TableLayout>

设置布局排列方向为“vertical”的效果

设置对齐方式

TableLayout提供两种对齐方式，边距对齐“align_contents”、边界对齐“align_edges”，默认为边距对齐“align_contents”。

• 边距对齐方式

代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TableLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_content"
    ohos:width="match_content"
    ohos:alignment_type="align_contents"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:layout_borderline"
    ohos:column_count="3"
    ohos:padding="8vp">

    <Text
        ohos:height="48vp"
        ohos:width="48vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="8vp"
        ohos:padding="8vp"
        ohos:text="1"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="48vp"
        ohos:width="48vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="16vp"
        ohos:padding="8vp"
        ohos:text="2"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="48vp"
        ohos:width="48vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="32vp"
        ohos:padding="8vp"
        ohos:text="3"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="48vp"
        ohos:width="48vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="32vp"
        ohos:padding="8vp"
        ohos:text="4"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="48vp"
        ohos:width="48vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="16vp"
        ohos:padding="8vp"
        ohos:text="5"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="48vp"
        ohos:width="48vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="8vp"
        ohos:padding="8vp"
        ohos:text="6"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>
</TableLayout>

边距对齐效果

•  边界对齐方式

将TableLayout的对齐方式修改为边界对齐。

<TableLayout
    ...
    ohos:alignment_type="align_edges">

    ...
        
</TableLayout>

 边界对齐效果

引用graphic文件夹下的背景资源文件为layout_borderline.xml，示例代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
       ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <corners
        ohos:radius="5vp"/>
    <stroke
        ohos:width="1vp"
        ohos:color="gray"/>
</shape>

 设置子组件的行列属性

实现合并单元格的效果

TableLayout合并单元格的效果可以通过设置子组件的行列属性来实现。

设置子组件的行列属性均为2的效果展示

 在XML中创建TableLayout，并添加子组件，代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TableLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_content"
    ohos:width="match_content"
    ohos:alignment_type="align_edges"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:layout_borderline"
    ohos:column_count="3"
    ohos:padding="8vp"
    ohos:row_count="3">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_one"
        ohos:height="48vp"
        ohos:width="48vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="16vp"
        ohos:padding="8vp"
        ohos:text="1"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="48vp"
        ohos:width="48vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="16vp"
        ohos:padding="8vp"
        ohos:text="2"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="48vp"
        ohos:width="48vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="16vp"
        ohos:padding="8vp"
        ohos:text="3"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="48vp"
        ohos:width="48vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="16vp"
        ohos:padding="8vp"
        ohos:text="4"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="48vp"
        ohos:width="48vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="16vp"
        ohos:padding="8vp"
        ohos:text="5"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>

    <Text
        ohos:height="48vp"
        ohos:width="48vp"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:table_text_bg_element"
        ohos:margin="16vp"
        ohos:padding="8vp"
        ohos:text="6"
        ohos:text_alignment="center"
        ohos:text_size="14fp"/>
</TableLayout>

在Java代码中设置子组件的行列属性，代码如下：

    @Override
    protected void onStart(Intent intent) {
        ...
        Component component = findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_one);
        TableLayout.LayoutConfig tlc = new TableLayout.LayoutConfig(vp2px(72), vp2px(72));
        tlc.columnSpec = TableLayout.specification(TableLayout.DEFAULT, 2);
        tlc.rowSpec = TableLayout.specification(TableLayout.DEFAULT, 2);
        component.setLayoutConfig(tlc);
    }

    private int vp2px(float vp) {
        return AttrHelper.vp2px(vp, getContext());
    }

• 说明

在设置子组件的行列属性时，TableLayout剩余的行数和列数必须大于等于该子组件所设置的行数和列数。

目前仅支持Java代码设置TableLayout子组件的行列属性。

在创建子组件的行列属性时，还可设置子组件的对齐方式，修改上述Java代码如下：

    @Override
    protected void onStart(Intent intent) {
        ...
        tlc.columnSpec = TableLayout.specification(TableLayout.DEFAULT, 2, TableLayout.Alignment.ALIGNMENT_FILL);
        tlc.rowSpec = TableLayout.specification(TableLayout.DEFAULT, 2, TableLayout.Alignment.ALIGNMENT_FILL);
        ...
    }

子组件的对齐方式设置为ALIGNMENT_FILL的效果

 设置子组件的权重

代码如下：

 @Override
    protected void onStart(Intent intent) {
        ...
        TableLayout.LayoutConfig tlc = new TableLayout.LayoutConfig(0, vp2px(48));
        tlc.columnSpec = TableLayout.specification(TableLayout.DEFAULT, 1, 1.0f);
        tlc.rowSpec = TableLayout.specification(TableLayout.DEFAULT, 1);

        findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_one).setLayoutConfig(tlc);
        findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_two).setLayoutConfig(tlc);
        findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_three).setLayoutConfig(tlc);
        findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_four).setLayoutConfig(tlc);
        findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_five).setLayoutConfig(tlc);
        findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_six).setLayoutConfig(tlc);
    }

上述代码将子组件的宽度权重设置为1.0，每行子组件会均分TableLayout的宽度，所以需要设置TableLayout为固定宽度或match_parent。

<TableLayout
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ...>

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_one"
        .../>

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_two"
        .../>

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_three"
        .../>

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_four"
        .../>

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_five"
        .../>

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_six"
        .../>
</TableLayout>

将子组件的宽度权重设置为1.0的效果展示