Django - admin后台、auth权限

admin后台篇

一、创建一个管理员用户

(1).设置时区、语言（可选步骤）

打开settings.py，改成下面那样

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

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(2).执行命令python manage.py createsuperuser

(3).按提示输入用户名、邮箱、密码（密码至少需要8位）

(4).启动服务，访问 127.0.0.1:8000/admin 即可进入站点管理

二、向admin注册模型

#----------admin.py---------
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from .models import Department,Student,Course

admin.site.register(Department)
admin.site.register(Student)
admin.site.register(Course)

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三、自定义管理页面

Django提供了admin.ModelAdmin类通过定义ModelAdmin的子类，来定义模型在Admin界面的显示方式

（一）.列表页属性

(1).list_display：显示字段，可以点击列头进行排序

(2).list_filter：过滤字段，过滤框会出现在右侧

(3).search_fields：搜索字段，搜索框会出现在上侧

(4).list_per_page：分页，分页框会出现在下侧

（二）.示例

(1).先写好模型

#-----models.py------
class Department(models.Model):
    d_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    d_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Department<d_id=%s,d_name=%s>'%(
            self.d_id,self.d_name
        )

class Student(models.Model):
    s_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    s_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    department = models.ForeignKey('Department')
    course = models.ManyToManyField('Course')
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Student<s_id=%s,s_name=%s>'%(
            self.s_id,self.s_name
        )


class Course(models.Model):
    c_id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
    c_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    def __str__(self):
        return 'Course<c_id=%s,c_name=%s>'%(
            self.c_id,self.c_name
        )

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(2).在该模型的app中的admin.py

# -----------admin.py--------
from django.contrib import admin

# Register your models here.
from .models import Department,Student,Course

class DepartmentAdimin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['d_id','d_name']
    list_display_links = ['d_id','d_name']
    list_filter = ['d_id']
    search_fields = ['d_name']

class StudentAdimin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['s_id','s_name']
    list_display_links = ['s_id','s_name']

class CourseAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ['c_id','c_name']
    list_display_links = ['c_id','c_name']
    list_per_page = 5

admin.site.register(Department,DepartmentAdimin)
admin.site.register(Student,StudentAdimin)
admin.site.register(Course,CourseAdmin)

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auth权限篇 

一、使用视图方式创建一个超级用户

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
User.objects.create_user(username="yyyyyy",password="yyyyyy",email="[email protected]")

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二、验证用户

不需要再用之前的filter().first()方式了，直接用django封装好的方法

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate
user = authenticate(username=username,password=password)

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