Python学习笔记（二十一）sqlite数据库

参考资料：https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/001374738125095c955c1e6d8bb493182103fac9270762a000/001388320596292f925f46d56ef4c80a1c9d8e47e2d5711000

       Python定义了一套操作数据库的API接口，任何数据库要连接到Python，只需要提供符合Python标准的数据库驱动即可。
由于SQLite的驱动内置在Python标准库中，所以我们可以直接来操作SQLite数据库。Python就内置了SQLite3。

       下面是我的学习代码：

import sqlite3

#创建SQLITE表 db-数据库文件名 tablename-表名 fields-字段定义列表
#返回值：0-成功 1-打开数据库失败 2-游标错误 3-其他异常
def createTable(db, tablename, fields):
    code = 0
    error = None
    try:
        conn = sqlite3.connect(db)
        if conn:
            cursor = conn.cursor()
            if cursor:
                sFields = ''
                for s in fields:
                    if sFields != '':
                        sFields = sFields + ','
                    sFields = sFields + s
                sql = 'CREATE TABLE %s(%s)' % (tablename, sFields)
                cursor.execute(sql)
                cursor.close()
                cursor = None
                conn.commit()
            else:
                code = 2
            conn.close()
            conn = None
        else:
            code = 1
    except BaseException, e:
        code = 3
        error = e.message
    finally:
        if cursor:
            cursor.close()
        if conn:
            conn.close()
    return (code, error)

#读取表字段列表 db-数据库文件 table-表名
#返回值 字段列表,错误码（1-打开数据库失败 2-游标错误 3-其他异常）,错误信息
def getFields(db, table):
    fields = None
    code = 0
    error = None
    try:
        conn = sqlite3.connect(db)
        if conn:
            cursor = conn.cursor()
            if cursor:
                sql = 'PRAGMA table_info(%s)' % table
                cursor.execute(sql)
                fields = []
                for c in cursor:
                    fields.append(c[1])
                cursor.close()
                cursor = None
                conn.commit()
            else:
                code = 2
            conn.close()
            conn = None
        else:
            code = 1
    except BaseException, e:
        code = 3
        error = e.message
    finally:
        if cursor:
            cursor.close()
        if conn:
            conn.close()
    return (code, error, fields)

#执行SQL语句 db-数据库文件 sql-要执行的SQL语句
#返回值 错误码（1-打开数据库失败 2-游标错误 3-其他异常）,错误信息
def executeSQL(db, sql):
    code = 0
    error = None
    try:
        conn = sqlite3.connect(db)
        if conn:
            cursor = conn.cursor()
            if cursor:
                cursor.execute(sql)
                cursor.close()
                cursor = None
                conn.commit()
            else:
                code = 2
            conn.close()
            conn = None
        else:
            code = 1
    except BaseException, e:
        code = 3
        error = e.message
    finally:
        if cursor:
            cursor.close()
        if conn:
            conn.close()
    return (code, error)

#获取sql执行结果
#返回值 结果列表,错误码（1-打开数据库失败 2-游标错误 3-其他异常）,错误信息
def getValues(db, sql):
    values = None
    code = 0
    error = None
    try:
        conn = sqlite3.connect(db)
        if conn:
            cursor = conn.cursor()
            if cursor:
                cursor.execute(sql)
                values = cursor.fetchall()
                cursor.close()
                cursor = None
                conn.commit()
            else:
                code = 2
            conn.close()
            conn = None
        else:
            code = 1
    except BaseException, e:
        code = 3
        error = e.message
    finally:
        if cursor:
            cursor.close()
        if conn:
            conn.close()
    return (code, error, values)

#测试入口
def Test():
    #输入数据库文件名
    d = raw_input('input a database filename:')
    #输入表名
    t = raw_input('input a tablename:')
    #输入字段定义
    fields = []
    while True:
        f = raw_input('input field define, none to break:')
        if f and f != '':
            fields.append(f)
        else:
            break
    #创建表
    ecode, emsg = createTable(d, t, fields)
    if ecode == 0:
        print 'create successfull!'
    else:
        print 'create failure, error: %d, %s' % (ecode, emsg)
    #获取字段
    ecode, emsg, fields = getFields(d, t)
    if ecode == 0:
        ff = ''
        vv = ''
        i = 0
        for f in fields:
            if i > 0:
                ff = ff + ','
                vv = vv + ','
            ff = ff + f
            vv = vv + str(i)
            i = i + 1
        #执行SQL语句
        sql = 'INSERT INTO %s(%s)VALUES(%s)' % (t, ff, vv)
        print 'excute sql:', sql
        ecode, emsg = executeSQL(d, sql)
        if ecode == 0:
            #执行SQL语句并返回结果集
            ecode, emsg, values = getValues(d, 'SELECT * FROM %s' % t)
            if ecode == 0:
                print 'values of table %s:' % t
                print values
            else:
                print 'error on getValues table %s:%d %s' % (t, ecode, emsg)
        else:
            print 'error on excute sql:%d %s' % (ecode, emsg)
    else:
        print 'error to read fields of table %s:%d %s' % (t, ecode, emsg)

今天就学习到这里，下一节从MySQL学起。