云计算于大数据入门实验三——熟悉常用的 HBase 操作

实验目的

理解HBase在Hadoop体系结构中的角色

熟练使用HBase操作常用的shell命令

熟悉HBase操作常用的Java API

实验要求

保存程序，并自行存档
最终的程序都必须经过测试，验证是正确的
按照实验报告格式，认真记录实验过程及结果，回答实验报告中的问题。实验报告模板在学习通的资料里面下载。学生提交的实验报告需转换成PDF文件提交

实验步骤

Hbase 常用命令

在 Hbase 中建表

create 'student','Sname','Ssex','Sage','Sdept','course'

查看表结构

describe 'student'

添加数据

put 'student', '95001','Sname','LiYing'
put 'student','95001','course:math','80'

查看数据

get 'student','95001'

删除数据

delete 'student','95001','Sname:firstName'
deleteall 'student','95001'

删除表

disable 'student'      #让表不可用
drop 'student'         #删除表

查询历史数据

create 'teacher',{NAME=>'username',VERSIONS=>5}
put 'teacher','91001','username','Mary'
put 'teacher','91001','username','Mary1'
put 'teacher','91001','username','Mary2'
put 'teacher','91001','username','Mary3'
put 'teacher','91001','username','Mary4'
put 'teacher','91001','username','Mary5'
get 'teacher','91001',{COLUMN=>'username',VERSIONS=>3}

退出 HBase

exit

编程实践

例子：创建表，插入数据，查看表中数据

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
 
import java.io.IOException;
public class ExampleForHBase {
    public static Configuration configuration;
    public static Connection connection;
    public static Admin admin;
    public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException{
        init();　　　　//主要操作就是为了连接到数据库hbase
        createTable("student",new String[]{"score"});　　　　//创建表，shell命令：create '表名'，'列族名1'，'列族名2'，'列族名3' ...
        insertData("student","zhangsan","score","English","69"); //shell命令： put 'student'，'张三'，'score：English'，'69'
        insertData("student","zhangsan","score","Math","86");
        insertData("student","zhangsan","score","Computer","77");
        getData("student", "zhangsan", "score","English");
        close();
    }
 
    public static void init(){
        configuration  = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir","hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");
        try{
            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
        }catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    public static void close(){
        try{
            if(admin != null){
                admin.close();
            }
            if(null != connection){
                connection.close();
            }
        }catch (IOException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    public static void createTable(String myTableName,String[] colFamily) throws IOException {
        TableName tableName = TableName.valueOf(myTableName);
        if(admin.tableExists(tableName)){
            System.out.println("talbe is exists!");
        }else {
            TableDescriptorBuilder tableDescriptor = TableDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(tableName);
            for(String str:colFamily){
                ColumnFamilyDescriptor family = 
ColumnFamilyDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(Bytes.toBytes(str)).build();
                tableDescriptor.setColumnFamily(family);
            }
            admin.createTable(tableDescriptor.build());
        } 
    }
 
    public static void insertData(String tableName,String rowKey,String colFamily,String col,String val) throws IOException { 
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Put put = new Put(rowKey.getBytes());
        put.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(),col.getBytes(), val.getBytes());
        table.put(put);
        table.close(); 
    }
 
    public static void getData(String tableName,String rowKey,String colFamily, String col)throws  IOException{ 
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes());
        get.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(),col.getBytes());
        Result result = table.get(get);
        System.out.println(new String(result.getValue(colFamily.getBytes(),col==null?null:col.getBytes())));
        table.close(); 
    }
}

实验三熟悉常用的HBase 操作

编程实现以下指定功能，并用 Hadoop 提供的 HBase Shell 命令完成相同任务：

列出 HBase 所有的表的相关信息，例如表名；
在终端打印出指定的表的所有记录数据；
向已经创建好的表添加和删除指定的列族或列；
清空指定的表的所有记录数据；
统计表的行数。

列出 HBase 所有的表的相关信息，例如表名：

/**
* 同样是正常的建立 数据库连接，执行操作，然后最后关闭连接
*  重点是：HTableDescriptor hTableDescriptors[] = admin.listTables(); 获取到 表格列表，然后遍历
*/
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Test_1 {
    public static Configuration configuration;
    public static Connection connection;
    public static Admin admin;
    /**
     * 建立连接
     */
    public static void init() {
        configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");
        try {
            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 关闭连接
     */
    public static void close() {
        try {
            if (admin != null) {
                admin.close();
            }
            if (null != connection) {
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
 
    }
    /**
     * 
     * 查看已有表,通过方法listTables()
     * 
     * @throws IOException
     * 
     */
    public static void listTables() throws IOException {
        init();
        HTableDescriptor hTableDescriptors[] = admin.listTables();
        for (HTableDescriptor hTableDescriptor : hTableDescriptors) {
            System.out.println(hTableDescriptor.getNameAsString());
        }
        close();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test_1 t = new Test_1();
        try {
            System.out.println("以下为Hbase 数据库中所存的表信息");
            t.listTables();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

在终端打印出指定的表的所有记录数据；

/**
* 同样是正常的建立 数据库连接，执行操作，然后最后关闭连接
* 重点是： 
* Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));获取到表格对象
* Scan scan = new Scan(); ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan); 然后通过Scanner对象，获取到ResultScanner扫描结果对象，遍历输出
*/
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Test_2 {
    public static Configuration configuration;
    public static Connection connection;
    public static Admin admin;
    // 建立连接
    public static void init() {
        configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");
        try {
            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    // 关闭连接
    public static void close() {
        try {
            if (admin != null) {
                admin.close();
            }
            if (null != connection) {
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
 
        }
    }
    /**
     * 
     * 根据表名查找表信息
     * 
     */
    public static void getData(String tableName) throws IOException {
        init();
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);
        for (Result result : scanner)
        {
            showCell((result));
        }
        close();
    }
 
    /**
     * 
     * 格式化输出
     * 
     * @param result
     * 
     */
    public static void showCell(Result result) {
        Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();
        for (Cell cell : cells) {
            System.out.println("RowName(行键):" + new String(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println("Timetamp(时间戳):" + cell.getTimestamp() + " ");
            System.out.println("column Family(列簇):" + new String(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println("column Name(列名):" + new String(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println("value:(值)" + new String(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Test_2 t = new Test_2();
        System.out.println("请输入要查看的表名");
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
        String tableName = scan.nextLine();
        System.out.println("信息如下：");
        t.getData(tableName);
    }
}

向已经创建好的表添加和删除指定的列族或列:

put 'student','95003','Sname','wangjinxuan' 　　　　(添加列)
 
put 'student','95003','Sname:nickName','wang'　　　　(添加列族)
 
put 'student','95003','Sname:firstName','jinxuan'    (添加列族)
 
put的反向操作的delete：
 
delete 'student' ,’95003’,’Sname’
 
delete 'student' ,’95003’,’Sname:nickName’
 
deleteall 'student' ,’95003’   　(删除整个行记录)

/**
 * hbase只关注rowkey，column Family(列族)，并没有说在创建表的时候指定cq(列限定修饰符)有多少，这也是hbase列式存储的特点，
 *     所以在hbase API中是没有提供delete 一个列下的所有数据的
 * 
 *     同样是正常的建立 数据库连接，执行操作，然后最后关闭连接
 * 1，Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName)); 先获取到表
 * 2，插入：(① 创建Put对象，② 然后通过方法 addColumn将列、列限定符、值 放到put对象，③ 最后将put对象put到表格)
 *     Put put = new Put(rowKey.getBytes());
 *  put.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(), col.getBytes(), val.getBytes());
 *  table.put(put);        
 * 3，删除：
 * Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName)); 同样首先获取到表
 * Delete delete = new Delete(rowKey.getBytes());    //通过传入行键，new一个删除对象    
 * //删除对象添加要被删除的列或列族                        
 * ① 删除指定列族的所有数据(此情况是列族下无列限定符时的情况)：delete.addFamily(colFamily.getBytes());        
 * ② 删除指定列的数据(此列主要说的是列限定修饰符)：delete.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(), col.getBytes());
 * table.delete(delete); //最后就是表格delete掉 delete对象
 */
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Delete;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
 
public class Test_3 {
    public static Configuration configuration;
    public static Connection connection;
    public static Admin admin;
 
    // 建立连接
    public static void init() {
        configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");
        try {
            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    // 关闭连接
    public static void close() {
        try {
            if (admin != null) {
                admin.close();
            }
            if (null != connection) {
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * 向某一行的某一列插入数据
     * 
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @param rowKey    行键
     * @param colFamily 列族名
     * @param col       列名(如果其列族下没有子列，此参数可为空)
     * @param val       值
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void insertRow(String tableName, String rowKey, String colFamily, String col, String val)throws IOException {
        init();
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Put put = new Put(rowKey.getBytes());
        put.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(), col.getBytes(), val.getBytes());
        table.put(put);
        table.close();
        close();
    }
 
    /**
     * 根据表名查找表信息
     */
    public static void getData(String tableName) throws IOException {
        init();
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);
        for (Result result : scanner) {
            showCell((result));
        }
        close();
    }
    /**
     * 
      * 格式化输出
     * 
     * @param result
     * 
     */
    public static void showCell(Result result) {
        Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();
        for (Cell cell : cells) {
            System.out.println("RowName(行键):" + new String(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println("Timetamp(时间戳):" + cell.getTimestamp() + " ");
            System.out.println("column Family(列簇):" + new String(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println("column Name(列名):" + new String(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println("value:(值)" + new String(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 
     * 删除数据
     * 
     * @param tableName 表名
     * 
     * @param rowKey    行键
     * 
     * @param colFamily 列族名
     * 
     * @param col       列名
     * 
     * @throws IOException
     * 
     */
    public static void deleteRow(String tableName, String rowKey, String colFamily, String col) throws IOException {
        init();
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Delete delete = new Delete(rowKey.getBytes());
        if(col == null) {
            //删除指定列族的所有数据(此情况是列族下无列限定符时的情况)
            delete.addFamily(colFamily.getBytes());
            table.delete(delete);
            table.close();
        }else {
            //删除指定列的数据(此列主要说的是列限定修饰符)
            delete.addColumn(colFamily.getBytes(), col.getBytes());
            table.delete(delete);
            table.close();
        }
        close();
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test_3 t = new Test_3();
        boolean flag = true;
        while (flag){
            System.out.println("------------向已经创建好的表中添加和删除指定的列簇或列--------------------");
            System.out.println("              请输入您要进行的操作   1- 添加          2-删除                       ");
            Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
            String choose1 = scan.nextLine();
            switch (choose1) {
            case "1":
                try {
                    //put 'student','95003','Sname','wangjinxuan' 　　　　(添加列)
                    //put 'student','95003','Sname:nickName','wang'　　　　(添加列族)
                    //put 'student','95003','Sname:firstName','jinxuan'  (添加列族)
//                    t.insertRow(tableName, rowKey, colFamily, col, val);
                    t.insertRow("student", "95003", "Sname",null, "wangjingxuan");
                    t.insertRow("student", "95003", "Sname", "nickName", "wang");
                    t.insertRow("student", "95003", "Sname", "firstName", "jingxuan");
                    System.out.println("插入成功：");
                    t.getData(tableName);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.getMessage();
                }
                break;
            case "2":
                try {
                    System.out.println("----------------------删除前，表的原本信息如下---------------------");
                    t.getData(tableName);
                    //delete 'student' ,’95003’,’Sname’
                    //delete 'student' ,’95003’,’Sname:nickName’
//                    t.deleteRow(tableName, rowKey, colFamily, col);    
                    t.deleteRow("student", "95003", "Sname", "firstName");    
                    System.out.println("-----------------------删除成功-----------------------------\n");
                    System.out.println("---------------------删除后，表的信息如下---------------------");
                    t.getData(tableName);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.getMessage();
                }
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(" 你要继续操作吗？ 是-true 否-false ");
            flag = scan.nextBoolean();
        }
        System.out.println("   程序已退出！    ");
    }
}

清空指定的表的所有记录数据：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Cell;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.CellUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.HBaseAdmin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
public class Test_4 {
    public static Configuration configuration;
    public static Connection connection;
    public static Admin admin;
    // 建立连接
    public static void init() {
        configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");
        try {
            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    // 关闭连接
    public static void close() {
        try {
            if (admin != null) {
                admin.close();
            }
            if (null != connection) {
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 
     * 清空制定的表的所有记录数据
     * 
     * @param args
     * 
     * @throws IOException
     * 
     */
    public static void clearRows(String tableName) throws IOException {
        init();
        HBaseAdmin admin1 = new HBaseAdmin(configuration);
        // 读取了之前表的表名 列簇等信息，然后再进行删除操作。
        HTableDescriptor tDescriptor = admin1.getTableDescriptor(Bytes.toBytes(tableName));
        // 总思想是先将原表结构保留下来，然后进行删除，再重新依据保存的信息重新创建表。
        TableName tablename = TableName.valueOf(tableName);
        // 删除表
        admin.disableTable(tablename);
        admin.deleteTable(tablename);
        // 重新建表
        admin.createTable(tDescriptor);
        close();
    }
    /**
     * 
     * 根据表名查找表信息
     * 
     */
    public static void getData(String tableName) throws IOException {
        init();
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);
        for (Result result : scanner){
            showCell((result));
        }
        close();
    }
 
    /**
     * 
     * 格式化输出
     * 
     * @param result
     * 
     */
    public static void showCell(Result result) {
        Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();
        for (Cell cell : cells) {
            System.out.println("RowName(行键):" + new String(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println("Timetamp(时间戳):" + cell.getTimestamp() + " ");
            System.out.println("column Family(列簇):" + new String(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println("column Name(列名):" + new String(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println("value:(值)" + new String(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)) + " ");
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test_4 test_4 = new Test_4();
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要清空的表名");
        String tableName = scan.nextLine();
        try {
            System.out.println("表原来的信息：");
            test_4.getData(tableName);
            test_4.clearRows(tableName);
            System.out.println("表已清空：");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

统计表的行数:

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Admin;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
public class Test_5 {
    public static Configuration configuration;
    public static Connection connection;
    public static Admin admin;
    //建立连接
    public static void init() {
        configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://localhost:9000/hbase");
        try {
            connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
            admin = connection.getAdmin();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    // 关闭连接
    public static void close() {
        try {
            if (admin != null) {
                admin.close();
            }
            if (null != connection) {
                connection.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
 
    public static void countRows(String tableName) throws IOException{
        init();
        Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);
        int num = 0;
        for (Result result = scanner.next(); result != null; result = scanner.next()){
            num++;
        }
        System.out.println("行数：" + num);
        scanner.close();
        close();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Test_5 test_5 = new Test_5();
        Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.println("请输入要统计行数的表名");
        String tableName = scan.nextLine();
        test_5.countRows(tableName);
    }
}

云计算于大数据入门实验三——熟悉常用的 HBase 操作

云计算于大数据入门实验三——熟悉常用的 HBase 操作

实验目的

实验要求

实验步骤

Hbase 常用命令

编程实践

实验三 熟悉常用的HBase 操作

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