java通过QR生成二维码 (QRCodeUtils工具类)(HUTOOL生成二维码)

1.简述

二维码生成关键是QR,QR码属于矩阵式二维码中的一个种类,由DENSO(日本电装)公司开发,由JIS和ISO将其标准化

详情简介请看

2.工具类

package com.lingxu.base.common.util;

import cn.hutool.core.util.ObjectUtil;
import com.google.zxing.*;
import com.google.zxing.client.j2se.BufferedImageLuminanceSource;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.common.HybridBinarizer;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.QRCodeWriter;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.decoder.ErrorCorrectionLevel;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * @Description:
 * @author: Ajie
 * @date: 2022/5/26
 */
public class QRCodeUtils {
    
    
    private static final String CHARSET = "utf-8";
    private static final String FORMAT_NAME = "JPG";
    // 二维码尺寸
    private static final int QRCODE_SIZE = 1500;
    // LOGO宽度
    private static final int WIDTH = 100;
    // LOGO高度
    private static final int HEIGHT = 100;

    // 这个方法存储1250多个字节
    private static BufferedImage createImage(String content, String imgPath,
                                             boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    
    
        Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<EncodeHintType, Object>();
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
        hints.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN, 1);
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = new MultiFormatWriter().encode(content,
                BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hints);
        int width = bitMatrix.getWidth();
        int height = bitMatrix.getHeight();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
                BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
    
    
            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
    
    
                image.setRGB(x, y, bitMatrix.get(x, y) ? 0xFF000000
                        : 0xFFFFFFFF);
            }
        }
        if (imgPath == null || "".equals(imgPath)) {
    
    
            return image;
        }
        // 插入图片
        QRCodeUtils.insertImage(image, imgPath, needCompress);
        return image;
    }

    /**
     * 插入LOGO
     *
     * @param source
     *            二维码图片
     * @param imgPath
     *            LOGO图片地址
     * @param needCompress
     *            是否压缩
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static void insertImage(BufferedImage source, String imgPath,
                                    boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    
    
        File file = new File(imgPath);
        if (!file.exists()) {
    
    
            System.err.println(""+imgPath+"   该文件不存在!");
            return;
        }
        Image src = ImageIO.read(new File(imgPath));
        int width = src.getWidth(null);
        int height = src.getHeight(null);
        if (needCompress) {
    
     // 压缩LOGO
            if (width > WIDTH) {
    
    
                width = WIDTH;
            }
            if (height > HEIGHT) {
    
    
                height = HEIGHT;
            }
            Image image = src.getScaledInstance(width, height,
                    Image.SCALE_SMOOTH);
            BufferedImage tag = new BufferedImage(width, height,
                    BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
            Graphics g = tag.getGraphics();
            g.drawImage(image, 0, 0, null); // 绘制缩小后的图
            g.dispose();
            src = image;
        }
        // 插入LOGO
        Graphics2D graph = source.createGraphics();
        int x = (QRCODE_SIZE - width) / 3;
        int y = (QRCODE_SIZE - height) / 3;
        graph.drawImage(src, x, y, width, height, null);
        Shape shape = new RoundRectangle2D.Float(x, y, width, width, 6, 6);
        graph.setStroke(new BasicStroke(3f));
        graph.draw(shape);
        graph.dispose();
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param imgPath
     *            LOGO地址
     * @param destPath
     *            存放目录
     * @param needCompress
     *            是否压缩LOGO
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath,
                                boolean needCompress, String fileName) throws Exception {
    
    
        BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtils.createImage(content, imgPath,
                needCompress);
        mkdirs(destPath);
//        String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
        String file = fileName +".jpg";
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(fileName)) {
    
    
            file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
        }
        ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, new File(destPath+"/"+file));
        return file;
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param imgPath
     *            LOGO地址
     * @param destPath
     *            存放目录
     * @param needCompress
     *            是否压缩LOGO
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String encodeLijie(String content, String imgPath, String destPath,
                                boolean needCompress, String fileName) throws Exception {
    
    
        BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtils.createQrCodeLijie(imgPath, content,
                needCompress);
        mkdirs(destPath);
//        String file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
        String file = fileName +".jpg";
        if (StringUtils.isEmpty(fileName)) {
    
    
            file = new Random().nextInt(99999999)+".jpg";
        }
        ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", new File(destPath+"/"+file));
        return file;
    }

    /**
     * 生成包含字符串信息的二维码图片  这个方法存储2950多个字节
     * @param logPath
     * @param content
     * @param needCompress
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static BufferedImage createQrCodeLijie(String logPath, String content ,boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    
    
        //设置二维码纠错级别MAP
        Hashtable hintMap = new Hashtable();
        hintMap.put(EncodeHintType.ERROR_CORRECTION, ErrorCorrectionLevel.L);  // 矫错级别
        //设置UTF-8, 防止中文乱码
        hintMap.put(EncodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, "UTF-8");
        //设置二维码四周白色区域的大小
        //hintMap.put(EncodeHintType.MARGIN,0);
        QRCodeWriter qrCodeWriter = new QRCodeWriter();
        //创建比特矩阵(位矩阵)的QR码编码的字符串
        BitMatrix byteMatrix = qrCodeWriter.encode(content, BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, QRCODE_SIZE, QRCODE_SIZE, hintMap);
        // 使BufferedImage勾画QRCode  (matrixWidth 是行二维码像素点)
        int matrixWidth = byteMatrix.getWidth();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(matrixWidth-200, matrixWidth-200, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        image.createGraphics();
        Graphics2D graphics = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
        graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
        graphics.fillRect(0, 0, matrixWidth, matrixWidth);
        // 使用比特矩阵画并保存图像
        graphics.setColor(Color.BLACK);
        for (int i = 0; i < matrixWidth; i++){
    
    
            for (int j = 0; j < matrixWidth; j++){
    
    
                if (byteMatrix.get(i, j)){
    
    
                    graphics.fillRect(i-100, j-100, 1, 1);
                }
            }
        }
        if (ObjectUtil.isNotNull(logPath))
            QRCodeUtils.insertImage(image, logPath, needCompress);
        return image;
    }

    /**
     * 当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
     * @date 2013-12-11 上午10:16:36
     * @param destPath 存放目录
     */
    public static void mkdirs(String destPath) {
    
    
        File file =new File(destPath);
        //当文件夹不存在时,mkdirs会自动创建多层目录,区别于mkdir.(mkdir如果父目录不存在则会抛出异常)
        if (!file.exists() && !file.isDirectory()) {
    
    
            file.mkdirs();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param imgPath
     *            LOGO地址
     * @param destPath
     *            存储地址
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void encode(String content, String imgPath, String destPath)
            throws Exception {
    
    
        QRCodeUtils.encode(content, imgPath, destPath, false, "");
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param destPath
     *            存储地址
     * @param needCompress
     *            是否压缩LOGO
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void encode(String content, String destPath,
                              boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    
    
        QRCodeUtils.encode(content, null, destPath, needCompress, "");
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param destPath
     *            存储地址
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void encode(String content, String destPath) throws Exception {
    
    
        QRCodeUtils.encode(content, null, destPath, false, "");
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码(内嵌LOGO)
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param imgPath
     *            LOGO地址
     * @param output
     *            输出流
     * @param needCompress
     *            是否压缩LOGO
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void encode(String content, String imgPath,
                              OutputStream output, boolean needCompress) throws Exception {
    
    
        BufferedImage image = QRCodeUtils.createImage(content, imgPath,
                needCompress);
        ImageIO.write(image, FORMAT_NAME, output);
    }

    /**
     * 生成二维码
     *
     * @param content
     *            内容
     * @param output
     *            输出流
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static void encode(String content, OutputStream output)
            throws Exception {
    
    
        QRCodeUtils.encode(content, null, output, false);
    }

    /**
     * 解析二维码
     *
     * @param file
     *            二维码图片
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String decode(File file) throws Exception {
    
    
        BufferedImage image;
        image = ImageIO.read(file);
        if (image == null) {
    
    
            return null;
        }
        BufferedImageLuminanceSource source = new BufferedImageLuminanceSource(
                image);
        BinaryBitmap bitmap = new BinaryBitmap(new HybridBinarizer(source));
        Result result;
        Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object> hints = new Hashtable<DecodeHintType, Object>();
        hints.put(DecodeHintType.CHARACTER_SET, CHARSET);
        result = new MultiFormatReader().decode(bitmap, hints);
        String resultStr = result.getText();
        return resultStr;
    }

    /**
     * 解析二维码
     *
     * @param path
     *            二维码图片地址
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String decode(String path) throws Exception {
    
    
        return QRCodeUtils.decode(new File(path));
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    
    
        String text = "(0)UaJgr1Mwgt8sKOw9zEggJtrPOVSEhMpIs4FYDTEnnaUh1q5IkQlkSdATZKO1oh+miz5JtVdAShGP\n" +
                "CodjXJQVIdftAPR7+qBmLwg/zXzaKqHrUWBU0Q0NrpCn9v5lgHT6asxFtmPPUrh8jeGPP3AjpylV\n" +
                "MlK";  //这里设置自定义网站url
//        String logoPath = "D:/opt/report/upFiles/code/1.png";
        String destPath = "D:/opt/report/upFiles/code";
        System.out.println(QRCodeUtils.encode(text, null, destPath,true, "baidu"));
    }
}

依赖包

 <!--添加zxing 的jar包依赖-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
            <artifactId>core</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
            <artifactId>javase</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

3、QRCODE 二维码生成简单版

使用 hutool 中封装的方法生成二维码

1、引入依赖

 		<dependency>
            <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
            <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
            <version>5.6.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
   			 <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
   			 <artifactId>core</artifactId>
    		 <version>3.3.3</version>
		</dependency>

2、示例

// 生成指定url对应的二维码到文件,宽和高都是300像素
QrCodeUtil.generate("https://hutool.cn/", 300, 300, FileUtil.file("d:/qrcode.jpg"));

在这里插入图片描述
自定义参数(since 4.1.2)

基本参数设定 通过QrConfig可以自定义二维码的生成参数,例如长、宽、二维码的颜色、背景颜色、边距等参数,使用方法如下:

QrConfig config = new QrConfig(300, 300);
// 设置边距,既二维码和背景之间的边距
config.setMargin(3);
// 设置前景色,既二维码颜色(青色)
config.setForeColor(Color.CYAN.getRGB());
// 设置背景色(灰色)
config.setBackColor(Color.GRAY.getRGB());

// 生成二维码到文件,也可以到流
QrCodeUtil.generate("http://hutool.cn/", config, FileUtil.file("e:/qrcode.jpg"));

在这里插入图片描述

附带logo小图标

QrCodeUtil.generate(//
    "http://hutool.cn/", //二维码内容
    QrConfig.create().setImg("e:/logo_small.jpg"), //附带logo
    FileUtil.file("e:/qrcodeWithLogo.jpg")//写出到的文件
);

在这里插入图片描述

调整纠错级别

很多时候,二维码无法识别,这时就要调整纠错级别。纠错级别使用zxing的ErrorCorrectionLevel枚举封装,包括:L、M、Q、H几个参数,由低到高。低级别的像素块更大,可以远距离识别,但是遮挡就会造成无法识别。高级别则相反,像素块小,允许遮挡一定范围,但是像素块更密集。

> QrConfig config = new QrConfig(); // 高纠错级别
> config.setErrorCorrection(ErrorCorrectionLevel.H);
> QrCodeUtil.generate("https://hutool.cn/", config,
> FileUtil.file("e:/qrcodeCustom.jpg"));

在这里插入图片描述

识别二维码

// decode -> "http://hutool.cn/"
String decode = QrCodeUtil.decode(FileUtil.file("d:/qrcode.jpg"));

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转载自blog.csdn.net/lijie0213/article/details/125006004
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