虚拟环境中安装连接MySQL数据库所需的依赖项
pip install mysqlclient
修改项目的settings.py文件,
DATABASES = {
'default': {
# 数据库引擎配置
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
# 数据库的名字
'NAME': 'vote',
# 数据库服务器的IP地址（本机可以写localhost或127.0.0.1）
'HOST': 'localhost',
# 启动MySQL服务的端口号
'PORT': 3306,
# 数据库用户名和口令
'USER': 'hellokitty',
'PASSWORD': 'Hellokitty.618',
# 数据库使用的字符集
'CHARSET': 'utf8',
# 数据库时间日期的时区设定
'TIME_ZONE': 'Asia/Chongqing',
}
}
先数据库建表，然后自动生成orm对象 (反向工程)
如下，polls是应用名
python manage.py inspectdb > polls/models.py
先写orm对象代码，然后自动生成数据库表 (正向工程)
修改 models.py 文件，文件追加如下代码：
class User(models.Model):
"""用户"""
no = models.AutoField(primary_key=True, verbose_name='编号')
username = models.CharField(max_length=20, unique=True, verbose_name='用户名')
password = models.CharField(max_length=32, verbose_name='密码')
tel = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name='手机号')
reg_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, verbose_name='注册时间')
last_visit = models.DateTimeField(null=True, verbose_name='最后登录时间')
class Meta:
db_table = 'tb_user'
verbose_name = '用户'
verbose_name_plural = '用户'
执行下面命令
python manage.py makemigrations polls
python manage.py migrate polls
利用Django后台管理模型
将admin应用所需的表迁移到数据库中
pip install Pillow # 如果已经安装了可以不安装
python manage.py migrate
创建访问admin应用的超级用户账号
python manage.py createsuperuser
启动项目
python manage.py runserver
浏览器访问, 输入刚才创建的账号密码(admin/123456)
http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/
注册模型类，修改应用目录下的 admin.py 文件
from django.contrib import admin
from polls.models import Subject, Teacher
admin.site.register(Subject)
admin.site.register(Teacher)
注册模型管理类，通过注册模型管理类，可以在后台管理系统中更好的管理模型，为此我们再修改admin.py文件
from django.contrib import admin
from polls.models import Subject, Teacher
class SubjectModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('no', 'name', 'intro', 'is_hot')
search_fields = ('name', )
ordering = ('no', )
class TeacherModelAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('no', 'name', 'sex', 'birth', 'good_count', 'bad_count', 'subject')
search_fields = ('name', )
ordering = ('no', )
admin.site.register(Subject, SubjectModelAdmin)
admin.site.register(Teacher, TeacherModelAdmin)
为了更好的查看模型，我们为Subject类添加__str__魔法方法，并在该方法中返回学科名字。这样在如上图所示的查看老师的页面上显示老师所属学科时，就不再是Subject object(1)这样晦涩的信息，而是学科的名称。
实现学科页和老师页效果
- 修改 settings.py 文件，配置模板文件所在的路径
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'), ],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
- 修改polls/views.py文件，编写视图函数实现对学科页和老师页的渲染。
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from polls.models import Subject, Teacher
def show_subjects(request):
subjects = Subject.objects.all().order_by('no')
return render(request, 'subjects.html', {'subjects': subjects})
def show_teachers(request):
try:
sno = int(request.GET.get('sno'))
teachers = []
if sno:
subject = Subject.objects.only('name').get(no=sno)
teachers = Teacher.objects.filter(subject=subject).order_by('no')
return render(request, 'teachers.html', {
'subject': subject,
'teachers': teachers
})
except (ValueError, Subject.DoesNotExist):
return redirect('/')
- 修改templates/subjects.html模板页
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>学科信息</title>
<style>
#container {
width: 80%;
margin: 10px auto;
}
.user {
float: right;
margin-right: 10px;
}
.user>a {
margin-right: 10px;
}
#main>dl>dt {
font-size: 1.5em;
font-weight: bold;
}
#main>dl>dd {
font-size: 1.2em;
}
a {
text-decoration: none;
color: darkcyan;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
<div class="user">
<a href="login.html">用户登录</a>
<a href="register.html">快速注册</a>
</div>
<h1>扣丁学堂所有学科</h1>
<hr>
<div id="main">
{% for subject in subjects %}
<dl>
<dt>
<a href="/teachers/?sno={
{ subject.no }}">{
{ subject.name }}</a>
{% if subject.is_hot %}
<img src="/static/images/hot-icon-small.png">
{% endif %}
</dt>
<dd>{
{ subject.intro }}</dd>
</dl>
{% endfor %}
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
- 修改templates/teachers.html模板页
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>老师信息</title>
<style>
#container {
width: 80%;
margin: 10px auto;
}
.teacher {
width: 100%;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 10px 0;
border-bottom: 1px dashed gray;
overflow: auto;
}
.teacher>div {
float: left;
}
.photo {
height: 140px;
border-radius: 75px;
overflow: hidden;
margin-left: 20px;
}
.info {
width: 75%;
margin-left: 30px;
}
.info div {
clear: both;
margin: 5px 10px;
}
.info span {
margin-right: 25px;
}
.info a {
text-decoration: none;
color: darkcyan;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
<h1>{
{ subject.name }}学科的老师信息</h1>
<hr>
{% if not teachers %}
<h2>暂无该学科老师信息</h2>
{% endif %}
{% for teacher in teachers %}
<div class="teacher">
<div class="photo">
<img src="/static/images/{
{ teacher.photo }}" height="140" alt="">
</div>
<div class="info">
<div>
<span><strong>姓名：{
{ teacher.name }}</strong></span>
<span>性别：{
{ teacher.sex | yesno:'男,女' }}</span>
<span>出生日期：{
{ teacher.birth | date:'Y年n月j日'}}</span>
</div>
<div class="intro">{
{ teacher.intro }}</div>
<div class="comment">
<a href="">好评</a> (<strong>{
{ teacher.good_count }}</strong>)
<a href="">差评</a> <strong>{
{ teacher.bad_count }}</strong>)
</div>
</div>
</div>
{% endfor %}
<a href="/">返回首页</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>
- 修改vote/urls.py文件，实现映射URL。
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from polls.views import show_subjects, show_teachers
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('', show_subjects),
path('teachers/', show_teachers),
]
- 访问地址 http://127.0.0.1:8000/
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