c++11 标准模板(STL)(std::stack)(五)

定义于头文件 <stack>
template<

    class T,
    class Container = std::deque<T>

> class stack;

std::stack 类是容器适配器,它给予程序员栈的功能——特别是 FILO (先进后出)数据结构。

该类模板表现为底层容器的包装器——只提供特定函数集合。栈从被称作栈顶的容器尾部推弹元素。

成员对象

Container c

底层容器

非成员函数

按照字典顺序比较 stack 中的值

operator==,!=,<,<=,>,>=(std::stack)
template< class T, class Container >

bool operator==( const stack<T,Container>& lhs,

                 const stack<T,Container>& rhs );
(1)
template< class T, class Container >

bool operator!=( const stack<T,Container>& lhs,

                 const stack<T,Container>& rhs );
(2)
template< class T, class Container >

bool operator<( const stack<T,Container>& lhs,

                const stack<T,Container>& rhs );
(3)
template< class T, class Container >

bool operator<=( const stack<T,Container>& lhs,

                 const stack<T,Container>& rhs );
(4)
template< class T, class Container >

bool operator>( const stack<T,Container>& lhs,

                const stack<T,Container>& rhs );
(5)
template< class T, class Container >

bool operator>=( const stack<T,Container>& lhs,

                 const stack<T,Container>& rhs );
(6)

比较二个容器适配器的底层容器。通过应用对应的运算符到底层容器进行比较。

参数

lhs, rhs - 要比较内容的迭代器适配器
- T 必须满足可相等比较 (EqualityComparable) 的要求。

返回值

若对应比较产出 true 则为 true ,否则为 false 。

复杂度

与容器大小成线性

特化 std::swap 算法

std::swap(std::stack)
template< class T, class Container >

void swap( stack<T,Container>& lhs,

           stack<T,Container>& rhs );
(C++17 前)
template< class T, class Container >

void swap( stack<T,Container>& lhs,

           stack<T,Container>& rhs ) noexcept(/* see below */);
(C++17 起)

为 std::stack 特化 std::swap 算法。交换 lhsrhs 的内容。调用 lhs.swap(rhs) 。

此重载仅若 std::is_swappable<Container>::value 为 true 才参与重载决议。

(C++17 起)

参数

lhs, rhs - 要交换内容的容器

返回值

(无)

复杂度

与交换底层容器相同。

异常

noexcept 规定:  

noexcept(noexcept(lhs.swap(rhs)))

(C++17 起)

辅助类 

特化 std::uses_allocator 类型特性

std::uses_allocator<std::stack>
template< class T, class Container, class Alloc >

struct uses_allocator<stack<T,Container>,Alloc> :

    std::uses_allocator<Container, Alloc>::type { };
(C++11 起)

为 std::stack 提供 std::uses_allocator 类型特性的通透特化:容器适配器使用分配器,若且唯若底层容器使用。

继承自 std::integral_constant

成员常量

value

[静态]

true
(公开静态成员常量)

成员函数

operator bool

转换对象为 bool ,返回 value
(公开成员函数)

operator()

(C++14)

返回 value
(公开成员函数)

成员类型

类型 定义
value_type bool
type std::integral_constant<bool, value>

调用示例

#include <iostream>
#include <forward_list>
#include <string>
#include <iterator>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
#include <stack>
#include <deque>
#include <time.h>

using namespace std;

struct Cell
{
    int x;
    int y;

    Cell() = default;
    Cell(int a, int b): x(a), y(b) {}

    Cell &operator +=(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x += cell.x;
        y += cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator +(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x += cell.x;
        y += cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator *(const Cell &cell)
    {
        x *= cell.x;
        y *= cell.y;
        return *this;
    }

    Cell &operator ++()
    {
        x += 1;
        y += 1;
        return *this;
    }


    bool operator <(const Cell &cell) const
    {
        if (x == cell.x)
        {
            return y < cell.y;
        }
        else
        {
            return x < cell.x;
        }
    }

    bool operator >(const Cell &cell) const
    {
        if (x == cell.x)
        {
            return y > cell.y;
        }
        else
        {
            return x > cell.x;
        }
    }

    bool operator ==(const Cell &cell) const
    {
        return x == cell.x && y == cell.y;
    }
};

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Cell &cell)
{
    os << "{" << cell.x << "," << cell.y << "}";
    return os;
}

void stackPrint(const std::string &name, const std::stack<Cell> &stack)
{
    std::cout << name ;
    std::stack<Cell> stackp = stack;
    while (stackp.size() > 0)
    {
        std::cout << stackp.top() << " ";
        stackp.pop();
    }
    std::cout << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;

    std::mt19937 g{std::random_device{}()};
    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));

    auto generate = []()
    {
        int n = std::rand() % 10 + 110;
        Cell cell{n, n};
        return cell;
    };

    std::deque<Cell> deque1(6);
    std::generate(deque1.begin(), deque1.end(), generate);
    std::cout << "deque1:   ";
    std::copy(deque1.begin(), deque1.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << std::endl;
    std::deque<Cell> deque2(6);
    std::generate(deque2.begin(), deque2.end(), generate);
    std::cout << "deque2:   ";
    std::copy(deque2.begin(), deque2.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
    std::cout << std::endl;

    //2) 以 cont 的内容复制构造底层容器 c 。
    std::stack<Cell> stack1(deque1);
    std::stack<Cell> stack2(deque1);
    stackPrint("stack1:   ", stack1);
    stackPrint("stack2:   ", stack2);

    std::stack<Cell> stack3(deque2);
    stackPrint("stack3:   ", stack3);
    std::cout << std::endl;

    //比较二个容器适配器的底层容器。通过应用对应的运算符到底层容器进行比较。
    std::cout << "stack1 == stack2: " << (stack1 == stack2) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "stack1 == stack3: " << (stack1 == stack3) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "stack1 != stack2: " << (stack1 != stack2) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "stack1 != stack3: " << (stack1 != stack3) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "stack1 <  stack2: " << (stack1 <  stack2) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "stack1 <  stack3: " << (stack1 <  stack3) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "stack1 <= stack2: " << (stack1 <= stack2) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "stack1 <= stack3: " << (stack1 <= stack3) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "stack1 >  stack2: " << (stack1 >  stack2) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "stack1 >  stack3: " << (stack1 >  stack3) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "stack1 >= stack2: " << (stack1 >= stack2) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "stack1 >= stack3: " << (stack1 >= stack3) << std::endl;

    //为 std::stack 特化 std::swap 算法。交换 lhs 与 rhs 的内容。
    std::swap(stack1, stack3);
    stackPrint("stack1:   ", stack1);
    stackPrint("stack3:   ", stack3);
    return 0;
}

输出

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_40788199/article/details/130174879
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