Python之路【第八篇】：堡垒机实例以及数据库操作

堡垒机前戏

开发堡垒机之前，先来学习Python的paramiko模块，该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作

SSHClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令

基于用户名密码连接：

import paramiko
  
# 创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', password='123')
  
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
  
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()

 1 import paramiko
 2 
 3 transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
 4 transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', password='123')
 5 
 6 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
 7 ssh._transport = transport
 8 
 9 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
10 print stdout.read()
11 
12 transport.close()
13 
14 SSHClient 封装 Transport

SSHClient 封装 Transport

基于公钥密钥连接：

import paramiko
 
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')
 
# 创建SSH对象
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', key=private_key)
 
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
 
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()

 1 import paramiko
 2 
 3 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')
 4 
 5 transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
 6 transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)
 7 
 8 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
 9 ssh._transport = transport
10 
11 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
12 
13 transport.close()
14 
15 SSHClient 封装 Transport

SSHClient 封装 Transport

 1 import paramiko
 2 from io import StringIO
 3 
 4 key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
 5 MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEAq7gLsqYArAFco02/55IgNg0r7NXOtEM3qXpb/dabJ5Uyky/8
 6 NEHhFiQ7deHIRIuTW5Zb0kD6h6EBbVlUMBmwJrC2oSzySLU1w+ZNfH0PE6W6fans
 7 H80whhuc/YgP+fjiO+VR/gFcqib8Rll5UfYzf5H8uuOnDeIXGCVgyHQSmt8if1+e
 8 7hn1MVO1Lrm9Fco8ABI7dyv8/ZEwoSfh2C9rGYgA58LT1FkBRkOePbHD43xNfAYC
 9 tfLvz6LErMnwdOW4sNMEWWAWv1fsTB35PAm5CazfKzmam9n5IQXhmUNcNvmaZtvP
10 c4f4g59mdsaWNtNaY96UjOfx83Om86gmdkKcnwIDAQABAoIBAQCnDBGFJuv8aA7A
11 ZkBLe+GN815JtOyye7lIS1n2I7En3oImoUWNaJEYwwJ8+LmjxMwDCtAkR0XwbvY+
12 c+nsKPEtkjb3sAu6I148RmwWsGncSRqUaJrljOypaW9dS+GO4Ujjz3/lw1lrxSUh
13 IqVc0E7kyRW8kP3QCaNBwArYteHreZFFp6XmtKMtXaEA3saJYILxaaXlYkoRi4k8
14 S2/K8aw3ZMR4tDCOfB4o47JaeiA/e185RK3A+mLn9xTDhTdZqTQpv17/YRPcgmwz
15 zu30fhVXQT/SuI0sO+bzCO4YGoEwoBX718AWhdLJFoFq1B7k2ZEzXTAtjEXQEWm6
16 01ndU/jhAasdfasdasdfasdfa3eraszxqwefasdfadasdffsFIfAsjQb4HdkmHuC
17 OeJrJOd+CYvdEeqJJNnF6AbHyYHIECkj0Qq1kEfLOEsqzd5nDbtkKBte6M1trbjl
18 HtJ2Yb8w6o/q/6Sbj7wf/cW3LIYEdeVCjScozVcQ9R83ea05J+QOAr4nAoGBAMaq
19 UzLJfLNWZ5Qosmir2oHStFlZpxspax/ln7DlWLW4wPB4YJalSVovF2Buo8hr8X65
20 lnPiE41M+G0Z7icEXiFyDBFDCtzx0x/RmaBokLathrFtI81UCx4gQPLaSVNMlvQA
21 539GsubSrO4LpHRNGg/weZ6EqQOXvHvkUkm2bDDJAoGATytFNxen6GtC0ZT3SRQM
22 WYfasdf3xbtuykmnluiofasd2sfmjnljkt7khghmghdasSDFGQfgaFoKfaawoYeH
23 C2XasVUsVviBn8kPSLSVBPX4JUfQmA6h8HsajeVahxN1U9e0nYJ0sYDQFUMTS2t8
24 RT57+WK/0ONwTWHdu+KnaJECgYEAid/ta8LQC3p82iNAZkpWlGDSD2yb/8rH8NQg
25 9tjEryFwrbMtfX9qn+8srx06B796U3OjifstjJQNmVI0qNlsJpQK8fPwVxRxbJS/
26 pMbNICrf3sUa4sZgDOFfkeuSlgACh4cVIozDXlR59Z8Y3CoiW0uObEgvMDIfenAj
27 98pl3ZkCgYEAj/UCSni0dwX4pnKNPm6LUgiS7QvIgM3H9piyt8aipQuzBi5LUKWw
28 DlQC4Zb73nHgdREtQYYXTu7p27Bl0Gizz1sW2eSgxFU8eTh+ucfVwOXKAXKU5SeI
29 +MbuBfUYQ4if2N/BXn47+/ecf3A4KgB37Le5SbLDddwCNxGlBzbpBa0=
30 -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"""
31 
32 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str))
33 transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.0.1.40', 22))
34 transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key)
35 
36 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
37 ssh._transport = transport
38 
39 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')
40 result = stdout.read()
41 
42 transport.close()
43 
44 print(result)
45 
46 基于私钥字符串进行连接

基于私钥字符串进行连接

SFTPClient

用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载

基于用户名密码上传下载

import paramiko
 
transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname',22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi',password='123')
 
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
 
transport.close()

基于公钥密钥上传下载

import paramiko
 
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa')
 
transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22))
transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key )
 
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py')
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')
 
transport.close()

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 import paramiko
 4 import uuid
 5 
 6 class Haproxy(object):
 7 
 8     def __init__(self):
 9         self.host = '172.16.103.191'
10         self.port = 22
11         self.username = 'wupeiqi'
12         self.pwd = '123'
13         self.__k = None
14 
15     def create_file(self):
16         file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
17         with open(file_name,'w') as f:
18             f.write('sb')
19         return file_name
20 
21     def run(self):
22         self.connect()
23         self.upload()
24         self.rename()
25         self.close()
26 
27     def connect(self):
28         transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
29         transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
30         self.__transport = transport
31 
32     def close(self):
33 
34         self.__transport.close()
35 
36     def upload(self):
37         # 连接，上传
38         file_name = self.create_file()
39 
40         sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
41         # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
42         sftp.put(file_name, '/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py')
43 
44     def rename(self):
45 
46         ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
47         ssh._transport = self.__transport
48         # 执行命令
49         stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py')
50         # 获取命令结果
51         result = stdout.read()
52 
53 
54 ha = Haproxy()
55 ha.run()
56 
57 Demo

Demo

堡垒机的实现 

实现思路：

堡垒机执行流程：

1. 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号（将公钥放置服务器，或者使用用户名密码）
2. 用户登陆堡垒机，输入堡垒机用户名密码，现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
3. 用户选择服务器，并自动登陆
4. 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录

注：配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py

实现过程

步骤一，实现用户登陆

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import  getpass   user  =  raw_input ( 'username:' ) pwd  =  getpass.getpass( 'password' ) if  user  = =  'alex'  and  pwd  = =  '123' :      print  '登陆成功' else :      print  '登陆失败'

步骤二，根据用户获取相关服务器列表

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dic  =  {      'alex' : [          '172.16.103.189' ,          'c10.puppet.com' ,          'c11.puppet.com' ,      ],      'eric' : [          'c100.puppet.com' ,      ] }   host_list  =  dic[ 'alex' ]   print  'please select:' for  index, item  in  enumerate (host_list,  1 ):      print  index, item   inp  =  raw_input ( 'your select (No):' ) inp  =  int (inp) hostname  =  host_list[inp - 1 ] port  =  22

步骤三，根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

tran  =  paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,)) tran.start_client() default_path  =  os.path.join(os.environ[ 'HOME' ],  '.ssh' ,  'id_rsa' ) key  =  paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path) tran.auth_publickey( 'wupeiqi' , key)   # 打开一个通道 chan  =  tran.open_session() # 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell()   ######### # 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作 # 用户在终端输入内容，并将内容发送至远程服务器 # 远程服务器执行命令，并将结果返回 # 用户终端显示内容 #########   chan.close() tran.close()

 1 while True:
 2     # 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据
 3     # sys.stdin 处理用户输入
 4     # chan 是之前创建的通道，用于接收服务器返回信息
 5     readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1)
 6     if chan in readable:
 7         try:
 8             x = chan.recv(1024)
 9             if len(x) == 0:
10                 print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',
11                 break
12             sys.stdout.write(x)
13             sys.stdout.flush()
14         except socket.timeout:
15             pass
16     if sys.stdin in readable:
17         inp = sys.stdin.readline()
18         chan.sendall(inp)
19 
20 肆意妄为方式一

肆意妄为方式一

 1 # 获取原tty属性
 2 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
 3 try:
 4     # 为tty设置新属性
 5     # 默认当前tty设备属性：
 6     #   输入一行回车，执行
 7     #   CTRL+C 进程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊处理。
 8 
 9     # 这是为原始模式，不认识所有特殊符号
10     # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端，如此设置，将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器
11     tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
12     chan.settimeout(0.0)
13 
14     while True:
15         # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据（socket）
16         # 阻塞，直到句柄可读
17         r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1)
18         if chan in r:
19             try:
20                 x = chan.recv(1024)
21                 if len(x) == 0:
22                     print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n',
23                     break
24                 sys.stdout.write(x)
25                 sys.stdout.flush()
26             except socket.timeout:
27                 pass
28         if sys.stdin in r:
29             x = sys.stdin.read(1)
30             if len(x) == 0:
31                 break
32             chan.send(x)
33 
34 finally:
35     # 重新设置终端属性
36     termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
37 
38 肆意妄为方式二

肆意妄为方式二

 1 def windows_shell(chan):
 2     import threading
 3 
 4     sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")
 5 
 6     def writeall(sock):
 7         while True:
 8             data = sock.recv(256)
 9             if not data:
10                 sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')
11                 sys.stdout.flush()
12                 break
13             sys.stdout.write(data)
14             sys.stdout.flush()
15 
16     writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))
17     writer.start()
18 
19     try:
20         while True:
21             d = sys.stdin.read(1)
22             if not d:
23                 break
24             chan.send(d)
25     except EOFError:
26         # user hit ^Z or F6
27         pass
28 
29 肆意妄为方式三

肆意妄为方式三

注：密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)

详见：paramiko源码demo

数据库操作

Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装

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linux：      yum install MySQL - python   window：      http: / / files.cnblogs.com / files / wupeiqi / py - mysql - win. zip

SQL基本使用

1、数据库操作

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show databases; use [databasename]; create database  [name];

2、数据表操作

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show tables;   create table students      (          id  int   not  null auto_increment primary key,          name char( 8 )  not  null,          sex char( 4 )  not  null,          age tinyint unsigned  not  null,          tel char( 13 ) null default  "-"      );

1 CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` ( 
2     `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, 
3     `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', 
4     `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', 
5     `content` text NOT NULL, 
6     PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 
7     UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`) 
8 ) ;

View Code

3、数据操作

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insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values( 'alex' , 'man' , 18 , '151515151' )   delete  from  students where  id  = 2 ;   update students  set  name  =  'sb'  where  id  = 1 ;   select  *  from  students

4、其他

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主键 外键 左右连接

Python MySQL API

一、插入数据

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import  MySQLdb    conn  =  MySQLdb.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' ,user = 'root' ,passwd = '1234' ,db = 'mydb' )    cur  =  conn.cursor()    reCount  =  cur.execute( 'insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)' ,( 'alex' , 'usa' )) # reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'})    conn.commit()    cur.close() conn.close()    print  reCount

 1 import MySQLdb
 2 
 3 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb')
 4 
 5 cur = conn.cursor()
 6 
 7 li =[
 8      ('alex','usa'),
 9      ('sb','usa'),
10 ]
11 reCount = cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li)
12 
13 conn.commit()
14 cur.close()
15 conn.close()
16 
17 print reCount
18 
19 批量插入数据

批量插入数据

注意：cur.lastrowid

二、删除数据

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import  MySQLdb   conn  =  MySQLdb.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' ,user = 'root' ,passwd = '1234' ,db = 'mydb' )   cur  =  conn.cursor()   reCount  =  cur.execute( 'delete from UserInfo' )   conn.commit()   cur.close() conn.close()   print  reCount

三、修改数据

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import  MySQLdb   conn  =  MySQLdb.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' ,user = 'root' ,passwd = '1234' ,db = 'mydb' )   cur  =  conn.cursor()   reCount  =  cur.execute( 'update UserInfo set Name = %s' ,( 'alin' ,))   conn.commit() cur.close() conn.close()   print  reCount

四、查数据

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# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num)  ##############################   import  MySQLdb   conn  =  MySQLdb.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' ,user = 'root' ,passwd = '1234' ,db = 'mydb' ) cur  =  conn.cursor()   reCount  =  cur.execute( 'select * from UserInfo' )   print  cur.fetchone() print  cur.fetchone() cur.scroll( - 1 ,mode = 'relative' ) print  cur.fetchone() print  cur.fetchone() cur.scroll( 0 ,mode = 'absolute' ) print  cur.fetchone() print  cur.fetchone()   cur.close() conn.close()   print  reCount       # ############################## fetchall  ##############################   import  MySQLdb   conn  =  MySQLdb.connect(host = '127.0.0.1' ,user = 'root' ,passwd = '1234' ,db = 'mydb' ) #cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) cur  =  conn.cursor()   reCount  =  cur.execute( 'select Name,Address from UserInfo' )   nRet  =  cur.fetchall()   cur.close() conn.close()   print  reCount print  nRet for  i  in  nRet:      print  i[ 0 ],i[ 1 ]