ArrayList源码解析(JDK8)


加油,不要过度焦虑♪(^∇^*)

一、ArrayList继承体系

ArrayList又称动态数组,底层是基于数组实现的List,与数组的区别在于,它具备动态扩展能力,从源码看一看ArrayList继承了哪些类?实现了哪些类?

public class ArrayList<E> extends AbstractList<E>
        implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
    
    

可以看出,ArrayList实现了List、RandomAccess、Cloneable、Serializable

  • 实现List,具备基本的遍历、删除、添加等操作
  • 实现RandomAccess,支持快速随机访问
  • 实现Cloneable,支持对象被克隆
  • 实现Serializable,支持被序列化

继承体系图:

在这里插入图片描述


二、ArrayList属性

    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
    
    private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {
    
    };
    
    private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {
    
    };
    
    transient Object[] elementData; 
    
    private int size;
  • DEFAULT_CAPACITY:集合的默认容量,默认为10,通过new ArrayList()空参构造器创建实例时的默认容量是10。
  • EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA:空数组,通过new ArrayList(0)创建List集合实例时用的是这个空数组。
  • DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA:默认容量空数组,这种是通过new ArrayList()无参构造方法创建集合时用的是这个空数组,与EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA的区别是在添加第一个元素时使用这个空数组的会初始化为DEFAULT_CAPACITY(10)个元素。
  • elementData:存储数据元素的数组,使用transient修饰,该字段不被序列化。
  • size:存储数据元素的个数,elementData数组的长度并不是存储数据元素的个数。

三、构造方法

1、ArrayList(int initialCapacity)

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with the specified initial capacity.
     * 构造具有指定初始容量的空数组
     * @param  initialCapacity  the initial capacity of the list
     * 参数initialCapacity是初始容量
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
     *         is negative
     * 如果初始容量不合法,则抛出异常
     */
    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
    
    
        if (initialCapacity > 0) {
    
    
            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
    
    
        	//这就是EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        } else {
    
    
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        }
    }

2、ArrayList()

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
     */
    public ArrayList() {
    
    
    	//这就是DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
        this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    }

3、ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c)

    /**
     * 构造一个含有具体元素集合的list,按照集合迭代的顺序返回
     * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
     * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
     * iterator.
     *	//参数c的元素放入list中
     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
     * //如果指定的集合为null,则抛出空指针异常
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
    
    
    	// 把c转化为数组
        elementData = c.toArray();
        if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
    
    
           // 如果elementData类型不是Object
            if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
            	//则重新拷贝为Object类型
                elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
        } else {
    
    
            // 用空数组代替
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        }
    }

四、ArrayList 相关操作方法

1、add(E e)

添加元素到末尾,平均时间复杂度为 O ( 1 ) O(1) O(1)

    /**
    	//添加指定元素到list的末尾
     * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
     *	//元素e被添加到list
     * @param e element to be appended to this list
     * @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
     */
    public boolean add(E e) {
    
    
    	//检查是否需要扩容,minCapacity = (size + 1)
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        //把元素插入到最后一位
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }
    //检查是否需要扩容的方法
	private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
    
    
        ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
    }
    //计算最小容量的方法
    private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {
    
    
    // 如果list={}
    if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
    
    
    	// 返回最大的一方,DEFAULT_CAPACITY的值为10
        return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
    }
    return minCapacity;
}
	//
    private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
    
    
    	//记录被修改的次数
        modCount++;
        // 当存储长度大于现有的长度时,需要扩容
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);//扩容
    }
    /**
	 *增加容量,确保它可以容纳至少最小容量参数指定的元素数
     * Increases the capacity to ensure that it can hold at least the
     * number of elements specified by the minimum capacity argument.
     * // minCapacity 是最小容量
     * @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
     */
    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
    
    
        // 先计算现有的长度
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        // 扩容1.5倍
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        // 如果新容量发现比需要的容量还小,则以需要的容量为准
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        //如果新容量已经超过最大容量了,则使用最大容量(Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8)
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // 以新容量拷贝出来一个新数组
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }
    //使用最大的容量
    private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
    
    
    if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
        throw new OutOfMemoryError();
    return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
        Integer.MAX_VALUE :
        MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}

最后来分析一下执行流程:

  1. 检查是否需要扩容;
  2. 如果elementData等于DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA(即为{})则初始化容量大小为DEFAULT_CAPACITY(10);
  3. 新容量是老容量的1.5倍(oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1)),如果加了这么多容量发现比需要的容量还小,则以需要的容量为准;
  4. 创建新容量的数组并把老数组按顺序依次拷贝到新数组中;

2、add(int index, E element)

添加元素到指定位置,平均时间复杂度为 O ( n ) O(n) O(n)

 /**
     * 在list的指定位置插入指定元素,移动当前位于该位置的元素(如果有的话)和
右边的任何后续元素(向它们的索引添加1)
     * Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this
     * list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and
     * any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
     * //index为插入指定元素的索引
     * @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted
     * @param element element to be inserted
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public void add(int index, E element) {
    
    
    	//检查是否越界
        rangeCheckForAdd(index);
        //检查是否需要扩容
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        //这个方法就是在index位置空出来,index后的元素向后移动
        System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
                         size - index);
        //在index位置插入element
        elementData[index] = element;
        size++;
    }
    private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
    
    
    if (index > size || index < 0)
        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}

来看看它的执行流程执行流程:

  1. 先检查索引是否越界;
  2. 然后检查是否需要扩容;
  3. 把插入索引位置后的元素都往后挪一位;
  4. 最后在插入索引位置放置插入的元素;
  5. 元素数量增1;

3、addAll(Collection<? extends E> c)

/**
     * 在list末尾增加collection集合的所有元素
     * Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of
     * this list, in the order that they are returned by the
     * specified collection's Iterator.  The behavior of this operation is
     * undefined if the specified collection is modified while the operation
     * is in progress.  (This implies that the behavior of this call is
     * undefined if the specified collection is this list, and this
     * list is nonempty.)
     *
     * @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list changed as a result of the call
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
    
    
        Object[] a = c.toArray();
        int numNew = a.length;
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew);  // Increments modCount
        System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
        size += numNew;
        return numNew != 0;
    }

执行流程:

  1. 将c转换为数组;
  2. 检查minCapacity = (size + numNew)是否需要扩容;
  3. 把数组a中的元素拷贝到elementData的尾部;
  4. size +=numNew

4、get(int index)

获取指定索引位置的元素,时间复杂度为 O ( 1 ) O(1) O(1)

/**
     * 返回list中指定位置的元素
     * Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
     *
     * @param  index index of the element to return
     * @return the element at the specified position in this list
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E get(int index) {
    
    
    	//检查是否数组下标越界
        rangeCheck(index);
        return elementData(index);
    }
    private void rangeCheck(int index) {
    
    
    if (index >= size)
        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
	//返回数组index的值
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    E elementData(int index) {
    
    
        return (E) elementData[index];
    }

执行流程:检查数组下标是否越界,不越界则返回对应数组下标值。


5、remove(int index)

删除指定索引位置的元素,时间复杂度为 O ( n ) O(n) O(n)

    /**
     * Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
     * 将所有后续元素向左移动(从它们的索引中减去1)
     * Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their indices).
     * @param index the index of the element to be removed
     * @return the element that was removed from the list
     * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
     */
    public E remove(int index) {
    
    
    	//检查数组下标是否越界
        rangeCheck(index);
        //修改次数加1
        modCount++;
        //记录数组index下标的值,用oldValue记录下来
        E oldValue = elementData(index);
        //记录需要移动的次数
        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        //如果要删除的元素不是list的最后一个元素
        if (numMoved > 0)
        	//则把剩余元素向前移动numMoved位
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        //将最后一个元素删除,有助于垃圾回收
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
        //返回删除的值
        return oldValue;
    }

来看看执行流程:

  1. 首先要检查索引是否越界;
  2. 然后获取指定索引位置的元素;
  3. 接着如果删除的不是最后一位,则其它元素往前移一位;
  4. 将最后一位置为null,方便垃圾回收;
  5. 最后返回删除的元素。

需要注意的是:remove的操作并未修改数组的容量!!!


6、remove(Object o)

删除指定元素值的元素,时间复杂度为 O ( n ) O(n) O(n)

   /**
     * 从此列表中删除第一个出现的指定元素(如果存在)
     * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list,
     * 如果不存在,则不发生改变
     * if it is present.  If the list does not contain the element, it is unchanged.  
     * 通俗来说,删除的是index最低的元素
     * More formally, removes the element with the lowest index
     * <tt>i</tt> such that
     * <tt>(o==null&nbsp;?&nbsp;get(i)==null&nbsp;:&nbsp;o.equals(get(i)))</tt>
     * (if such an element exists).  Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list
     * contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list
     * changed as a result of the call).
     *
     * @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
     * @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contained the specified element
     */
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
    
    
    	//如果要删除的是null值
        if (o == null) {
    
    
        	//遍历整个list
            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
            	//发现list存在null值
                if (elementData[index] == null) {
    
    
                    fastRemove(index);
                    return true;
                }
        } else {
    
    
            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
                if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
    
    
                    fastRemove(index);
                    return true;
                }
        }
        //遍历的过程中都不存在o值,则返回false代表不存在
        return false;
    }
    /*
     * 跳过边界检查且不返回已删除值的私有删除方法
     * fastRemove(int index)相对于remove(int index)少了检查索引越界的操作,可见jdk将性能优化到极致
     * Private remove method that skips bounds checking and does not return the value removed.
     */
    private void fastRemove(int index) {
    
    
    	//修改次数加1
        modCount++;
        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
    }

执行流程:

  1. 找到第一个等于指定元素值的元素;
  2. 快速删除;

到此结束,感谢阅读(*^▽^*)

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转载自blog.csdn.net/weixin_59654772/article/details/127618219