【转+修改】Secedit：命令行下操作组策略

组策略是建立Windows安全环境的重要手段，尤其是在Windows域环境下。一个出色的系统管理员，应该能熟练地掌握并应用组策略。在窗口界面下访问组策略用gpedit.msc，命令行下用secedit.exe。
先看secedit命令语法：
secedit /analyze
secedit /configure
secedit /export 
secedit /validate
。。。。直接输入secedit /?显示帮助文件
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组策略的计算机安全策略 
可以使用secedit，具体帮助参考secedit   /? 
其它内容，一般都存在与注册表，只要修改注册表就可以了，具体内容参考   *.adm文件（windows\inf或\windows\system32\GroupPolicy\Adm下） 
注册表可以使用   regedit   -s   yourreg.reg   来导入自己定义的值 
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secedit /export /cfg gp.inf /log 1.log
导出文件内容示例：
=====================gp.inf================================
[Unicode]
Unicode=yes
[System Access]
MinimumPasswordAge = 0
MaximumPasswordAge = 42
MinimumPasswordLength = 6
PasswordComplexity = 0
PasswordHistorySize = 0
LockoutBadCount = 6
ResetLockoutCount = 30
LockoutDuration = 30
RequireLogonToChangePassword = 0
ForceLogoffWhenHourExpire = 0
NewAdministratorName = "Administrator"
NewGuestName = "Guest"
ClearTextPassword = 0
LSAAnonymousNameLookup = 0
EnableAdminAccount = 1
EnableGuestAccount = 0
[Event Audit]
AuditSystemEvents = 0
AuditLogonEvents = 1
AuditObjectAccess = 0
AuditPrivilegeUse = 0
AuditPolicyChange = 0
AuditAccountManage = 0
AuditProcessTracking = 0
AuditDSAccess = 0
AuditAccountLogon = 1
[Version]
signature="$CHICAGO$"
Revision=1
[Registry Values]
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Driver Signing\Policy=3,1
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Setup\RecoveryConsole\SecurityLevel=4,0
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Setup\RecoveryConsole\SetCommand=4,0
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\AllocateCDRoms=1,"0"
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\AllocateDASD=1,"0"
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\AllocateFloppies=1,"0"
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\CachedLogonsCount=1,"10"
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\ForceUnlockLogon=4,0
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\PasswordExpiryWarning=4,14
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon\ScRemoveOption=1,"0"
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\DisableCAD=4,0
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\DontDisplayLastUserName=4,0
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\LegalNoticeText=7,
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\ScForceOption=4,0
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\ShutdownWithoutLogon=4,0
MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System\UndockWithoutLogon=4,1
MACHINE\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Safer\CodeIdentifiers\AuthenticodeEnabled=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\AuditBaseObjects=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\CrashOnAuditFail=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\DisableDomainCreds=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\EveryoneIncludesAnonymous=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\FIPSAlgorithmPolicy=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\ForceGuest=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\FullPrivilegeAuditing=3,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\LimitBlankPasswordUse=4,1
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\LmCompatibilityLevel=4,2
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\MSV1_0\NTLMMinClientSec=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\MSV1_0\NTLMMinServerSec=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\NoDefaultAdminOwner=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\NoLMHash=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\RestrictAnonymous=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\RestrictAnonymousSAM=4,1
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Print\Providers\LanMan Print Services\Servers\AddPrinterDrivers=4,1
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurePipeServers\Winreg\AllowedExactPaths\Machine=7,System\CurrentControlSet\Control\ProductOptions,System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Server Applications,Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\SecurePipeServers\Winreg\AllowedPaths\Machine=7,System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Print\Printers,System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Eventlog,Software\Microsoft\OLAP Server,Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Print,Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows,System\CurrentControlSet\Control\ContentIndex,System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server,System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\UserConfig,System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\DefaultUserConfiguration,Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Perflib,System\CurrentControlSet\Services\SysmonLog
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Kernel\ObCaseInsensitive=4,1
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\ProtectionMode=4,1
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\SubSystems\optional=7,Posix
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanManServer\Parameters\AutoDisconnect=4,15
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanManServer\Parameters\EnableForcedLogOff=4,1
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanManServer\Parameters\EnableSecuritySignature=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanManServer\Parameters\NullSessionPipes=7,COMNAP,COMNODE,SQL\QUERY,SPOOLSS,NETLOGON,LSARPC,SAMR,BROWSER
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanManServer\Parameters\NullSessionShares=7,COMCFG,DFS$
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanManServer\Parameters\RequireSecuritySignature=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanManServer\Parameters\RestrictNullSessAccess=4,1
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanWorkstation\Parameters\EnablePlainTextPassword=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanWorkstation\Parameters\EnableSecuritySignature=4,1
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanmanWorkstation\Parameters\RequireSecuritySignature=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LDAP\LDAPClientIntegrity=4,1
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netlogon\Parameters\DisablePasswordChange=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netlogon\Parameters\MaximumPasswordAge=4,30
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netlogon\Parameters\RequireSignOrSeal=4,1
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netlogon\Parameters\RequireStrongKey=4,0
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netlogon\Parameters\SealSecureChannel=4,1
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netlogon\Parameters\SignSecureChannel=4,1
[Privilege Rights]
SeNetworkLogonRight = *S-1-1-0,*S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-545,*S-1-5-32-547,*S-1-5-32-551
SeBackupPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-551
SeChangeNotifyPrivilege = *S-1-1-0,*S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-545,*S-1-5-32-547,*S-1-5-32-551
SeSystemtimePrivilege = *S-1-5-19,*S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-547
SeCreatePagefilePrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeDebugPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeRemoteShutdownPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeAuditPrivilege = *S-1-5-19,*S-1-5-20
SeIncreaseQuotaPrivilege = *S-1-5-19,*S-1-5-20,*S-1-5-32-544
SeIncreaseBasePriorityPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeLoadDriverPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeBatchLogonRight = *S-1-5-19,SUPPORT_388945a0
SeServiceLogonRight = *S-1-5-20
SeInteractiveLogonRight = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-545,*S-1-5-32-547,*S-1-5-32-551
SeSecurityPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeSystemEnvironmentPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeProfileSingleProcessPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-547
SeSystemProfilePrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeAssignPrimaryTokenPrivilege = *S-1-5-19,*S-1-5-20
SeRestorePrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-551
SeShutdownPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-547,*S-1-5-32-551
SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeDenyNetworkLogonRight = SUPPORT_388945a0
SeDenyInteractiveLogonRight = SUPPORT_388945a0
SeUndockPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-547
SeManageVolumePrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544
SeRemoteInteractiveLogonRight = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-32-555
SeImpersonatePrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-6
SeCreateGlobalPrivilege = *S-1-5-32-544,*S-1-5-6
组策略导入导出secedit
导出 
“我需要批量改系统的一个组策略。
 下面是我的操作过程。
 secedit /export /db C:\WINDOWS\security\Database\secedit.sdb /cfg C:\WINDOWS\security\templates\test.inf /areas SECURITYPOLICY
手工修改 test.inf
secedit /configure /db C:\WINDOWS\security\Database\secedit.sdb /cfg C:\WINDOWS\security\templates\test.inf /areas SECURITYPOLICY /overwrite

假设我要将密码长度最小值设置为6，并启用“密码必须符合复杂性要求”，那么先写这么一个模板： [version] signature="$CHICAGO$" [System Access] MinimumPasswordLength = 6 PasswordComplexity = 1 保存为gp.inf，然后导入： secedit /configure /db gp.sdb /cfg gp.inf /quiet 这个命令执行完成后，将在当前目录产生一个gp.sdb，它是“中间产品”，你可以删除它。 /quiet参数表示“安静模式”，不产生日志。但根据我的试验，在2000sp4下该参数似乎不起作用，XP下正常。日志总是保存在%windir%\security\logs\scesrv.log。你也可以自己指定日志以便随后删除它。比如： secedit /configure /db gp.sdb /cfg gp.inf /log gp.log del gp.* 另外，在导入模板前，还可以先分析语法是否正确： secedit /validate gp.inf 那么，如何知道具体的语法呢？当然到MSDN里找啦。也有偷懒的办法，因为系统自带了一些安全模板，在%windir%\security\templates目录下。打开这些模板，基本上包含了常用的安全设置语法，一看就懂。 再举个例子——关闭所有的“审核策略”。（它所审核的事件将记录在事件查看器的“安全性”里）。 echo版： echo [version] >1.inf echo signature="$CHICAGO$" >>1.inf echo [Event Audit] >>1.inf echo AuditSystemEvents=0 >>1.inf echo AuditObjectAccess=0 >>1.inf echo AuditPrivilegeUse=0 >>1.inf echo AuditPolicyChange=0 >>1.inf echo AuditAccountManage=0 >>1.inf echo AuditProcessTracking=0 >>1.inf echo AuditDSAccess=0 >>1.inf echo AuditAccountLogon=0 >>1.inf echo AuditLogonEvents=0 >>1.inf secedit /configure /db 1.sdb /cfg 1.inf /log 1.log /quiet del 1.* 也许有人会说：组策略不是保存在注册表中吗，为什么不直接修改注册表？因为不是所有的组策略都保存在注册表中。比如“审核策略”就不是。你可以用 regsnap比较修改该策略前后注册表的变化。我测试的结果是什么都没有改变。只有“管理模板”这一部分是完全基于注册表的。而且，知道了具体位置，用哪个方法都不复杂。 比如，XP和2003的“本地策略”－》“安全选项”增加了一个“本地帐户的共享和安全模式”策略。XP下默认的设置是“仅来宾”。这就是为什么用管理员帐号连接XP的ipc$仍然只有Guest权限的原因。可以通过导入reg文件修改它为“经典”： echo Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00 >1.reg echo [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa] >>1.reg echo "forceguest"=dword:00000000 >>1.reg regedit /s 1.reg del 1.reg 而相应的用inf，应该是： echo [version] >1.inf echo signature="$CHICAGO$" >>1.inf echo [Registry Values] >>1.inf echo MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Lsa\ForceGuest=4,0 >>1.inf secedit /configure /db 1.sdb /cfg 1.inf /log 1.log del 1.* 关于命令行下读取组策略的问题。 系统默认的安全数据库位于%windir%\security\database\secedit.sdb，将它导出至inf文件： secedit /export /cfg gp.inf /log 1.log 没有用/db参数指定数据库就是采用默认的。然后查看gp.inf。 不过，这样得到的只是组策略的一部分（即“Windows设置”）。而且，某个策略如果未配置，是不会被导出的。比如“重命名系统管理员帐户”，只有被定义了才会在inf文件中出现NewAdministratorName="xxx"。对于无法导出的其他的组策略只有通过访问注册表来获得了。 此办法在XP和2003下无效——可以导出但内容基本是空的。原因不明。根据官方的资料，XP和2003显示组策略用RSoP（组策略结果集）。相应的命令行工具是gpresult。但是，它获得的是在系统启动时被附加（来自域）的组策略，单机测试结果还是“空”。所以，如果想知道某些组策略是否被设置，只有先写一个inf，再用secedit /analyze，然后查看日志了

secedit /export /cfg d:\setup.inf 

导入 

secedit /configure /db temp.sdb /cfg d:\setup.inf

 ADM文件

%windir%\Inf  

模板

 %SYSTEMROOT%\security\templates