python os.path模块用法详解

abspath

返回一个目录的绝对路径
Return an absolute path.

>>> os.path.abspath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'/etc/sysconfig/selinux'
>>> os.getcwd()
'/root' >>> os.path.abspath("python_modu") '/root/python_modu'

basename

返回一个目录的基名
Returns the final component of a pathname

>>> os.path.basename("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'selinux'
>>> os.path.basename("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3") 'python3'

dirname

返回一个目录的目录名
Returns the directory component of a pathname

>>> os.path.dirname("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'/etc/sysconfig'
>>> os.path.dirname("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3") '/usr/local/python3/bin'

exists

测试指定文件是否存在
Test whether a path exists.  Returns False for broken symbolic links

>>> os.path.exists("/home/egon")
False
>>> os.path.exists("/root") True >>> os.path.exists("/usr/bin/python") True

getatime

得到指定文件最后一次的访问时间
Return the last access time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getatime("/root/test.sh") 1498117664.2808378

getctime

得到指定文件最后一次的改变时间
Return the metadata change time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getctime("/root/test.sh") 1498117696.039542

getmtime

得到指定文件最后一次的修改时间
Return the last modification time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getmtime("/root/test.sh") 1496629059.9313989

getsize

得到得到文件的大小
Return the size of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getsize("/root/test.sh") 568

isabs

测试参数是否是绝对路径
Test whether a path is absolute

>>> os.path.isabs("python_modu")
False
>>> os.path.isabs("/etc/sysconfig") True

isdir

测试指定参数是否是目录名
Return true if the pathname refers to an existing directory.

>>> os.path.isdir("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
False
>>> os.path.isdir("/home") True

isfile

测试指定参数是否是一个文件
Test whether a path is a regular file

>>> os.path.isfile("/home")
False
>>> os.path.isfile("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") True

islink

测试指定参数是否是一个软链接
Test whether a path is a symbolic link

>>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
True
>>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/nfs") False

ismount

测试指定参数是否是挂载点
Test whether a path is a mount point

>>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom")
False
以上是未挂载光盘，现在把光盘挂载到/mnt/cdrom下，再进行测试
>>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom") True

join

join(a, *p)
将目录名和文件的基名拼接成一个完整的路径
Join two or more pathname components, inserting '/' as needed.
If any component is an absolute path, all previous path components will be discarded. An empty last part will result in a path that ends with a separator.

>>> for filename in os.listdir("/home"):
... print(os.path.join("/tmp",filename)) ... /tmp/a /tmp/f1.txt

realpath

返回指定文件的标准路径，而非软链接所在的路径
Return the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any
symbolic links encountered in the path.

>>> os.path.realpath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'/etc/selinux/config'
>>> os.path.realpath("/usr/bin/python") '/usr/bin/python2.7'

samefile

测试两个路径是否指向同一个文件
Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual file

sameopenfile

测试两个打开的文件是否指向同一个文件
Test whether two open file objects reference the same file

split

分割目录名，返回由其目录名和基名给成的元组
Split a pathname.  Returns tuple "(head, tail)" where "tail" is everything after the final slash. Either part may be empty.

>>> os.path.split("/tmp/f1.txt")
('/tmp', 'f1.txt')
>>> os.path.split("/home/test.sh") ('/home', 'test.sh')

splitext

分割文件名，返回由文件名和扩展名组成的元组
Split the extension from a pathname.
Extension is everything from the last dot to the end, ignoring leading dots. Returns "(root, ext)"; ext may be empty.

>>> os.path.splitext("/home/test.sh")
('/home/test', '.sh')
>>> os.path.splitext("/tmp/f1.txt") ('/tmp/f1', '.txt')

abspath

返回一个目录的绝对路径
Return an absolute path.

>>> os.path.abspath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'/etc/sysconfig/selinux'
>>> os.getcwd()
'/root' >>> os.path.abspath("python_modu") '/root/python_modu'

basename

返回一个目录的基名
Returns the final component of a pathname

>>> os.path.basename("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'selinux'
>>> os.path.basename("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3") 'python3'

dirname

返回一个目录的目录名
Returns the directory component of a pathname

>>> os.path.dirname("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'/etc/sysconfig'
>>> os.path.dirname("/usr/local/python3/bin/python3") '/usr/local/python3/bin'

exists

测试指定文件是否存在
Test whether a path exists.  Returns False for broken symbolic links

>>> os.path.exists("/home/egon")
False
>>> os.path.exists("/root") True >>> os.path.exists("/usr/bin/python") True

getatime

得到指定文件最后一次的访问时间
Return the last access time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getatime("/root/test.sh") 1498117664.2808378

getctime

得到指定文件最后一次的改变时间
Return the metadata change time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getctime("/root/test.sh") 1498117696.039542

getmtime

得到指定文件最后一次的修改时间
Return the last modification time of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getmtime("/root/test.sh") 1496629059.9313989

getsize

得到得到文件的大小
Return the size of a file, reported by os.stat().

>>> os.stat("/root/test.sh")
os.stat_result(st_mode=33261, st_ino=100684935, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=568, st_atime=1498117664, st_mtime=1496629059, st_ctime=1498117696) >>> os.path.getsize("/root/test.sh") 568

isabs

测试参数是否是绝对路径
Test whether a path is absolute

>>> os.path.isabs("python_modu")
False
>>> os.path.isabs("/etc/sysconfig") True

isdir

测试指定参数是否是目录名
Return true if the pathname refers to an existing directory.

>>> os.path.isdir("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
False
>>> os.path.isdir("/home") True

isfile

测试指定参数是否是一个文件
Test whether a path is a regular file

>>> os.path.isfile("/home")
False
>>> os.path.isfile("/etc/sysconfig/selinux") True

islink

测试指定参数是否是一个软链接
Test whether a path is a symbolic link

>>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
True
>>> os.path.islink("/etc/sysconfig/nfs") False

ismount

测试指定参数是否是挂载点
Test whether a path is a mount point

>>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom")
False
以上是未挂载光盘，现在把光盘挂载到/mnt/cdrom下，再进行测试
>>> os.path.ismount("/mnt/cdrom") True

join

join(a, *p)
将目录名和文件的基名拼接成一个完整的路径
Join two or more pathname components, inserting '/' as needed.
If any component is an absolute path, all previous path components will be discarded. An empty last part will result in a path that ends with a separator.

>>> for filename in os.listdir("/home"):
... print(os.path.join("/tmp",filename)) ... /tmp/a /tmp/f1.txt

realpath

返回指定文件的标准路径，而非软链接所在的路径
Return the canonical path of the specified filename, eliminating any
symbolic links encountered in the path.

>>> os.path.realpath("/etc/sysconfig/selinux")
'/etc/selinux/config'
>>> os.path.realpath("/usr/bin/python") '/usr/bin/python2.7'

samefile

测试两个路径是否指向同一个文件
Test whether two pathnames reference the same actual file

sameopenfile

测试两个打开的文件是否指向同一个文件
Test whether two open file objects reference the same file

split

分割目录名，返回由其目录名和基名给成的元组
Split a pathname.  Returns tuple "(head, tail)" where "tail" is everything after the final slash. Either part may be empty.

>>> os.path.split("/tmp/f1.txt")
('/tmp', 'f1.txt')
>>> os.path.split("/home/test.sh") ('/home', 'test.sh')

splitext

分割文件名，返回由文件名和扩展名组成的元组
Split the extension from a pathname.
Extension is everything from the last dot to the end, ignoring leading dots. Returns "(root, ext)"; ext may be empty.

>>> os.path.splitext("/home/test.sh")
('/home/test', '.sh')
>>> os.path.splitext("/tmp/f1.txt") ('/tmp/f1', '.txt')

python os.path模块用法详解

abspath

basename

dirname

exists

getatime

getctime

getmtime

getsize

isabs

isdir

isfile

islink

ismount

join

realpath

samefile

sameopenfile

split

splitext

abspath

basename

dirname

exists

getatime

getctime

getmtime

getsize

isabs

isdir

isfile

islink

ismount

join

realpath

samefile

sameopenfile

split

splitext

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