媒体文件格式分析之FMP4

媒体文件格式分析之FMP4 MP4 中最基本的单元就是Box,它内部是通过一个一个独立的Box拼接而成的。所以,这里,我们先从 Box 的讲解开始,每个 Box 是由 Header 和 Data 组成的,FullBox 是 Box 的扩展,Box 结构的基础上在 Header 中增加 8bits version 和 24bits flags

1. 名词解释

2. 最小单元Box

2.1 常见的mp4文件结构(简化版)

3. Mp4文件整体结构

这里,我们按照 MP4 box 的划分来进行相关的阐述。先看一张 MP4 给出的结构图:

一般来说,解析媒体文件,最关心的部分是视频文件的宽高、时长、码率、编码格式、帧列表、关键帧列表,以及所对应的时戳和在文件中的位置,这些信息,在mp4中,是以特定的算法分开存放在stbl box下属的几个box中的,需要解析stbl下面所有的box,来还原媒体信息。下表是对于以上几个重要的box存放信息的说明

3.1 File Type Box (ftyp)

通常放在MP4文件的开头,告诉解码器基本的解码版本和兼容格式。

  • 基本格式如下:
aligned(8) class FileTypeBox
   extends Box(‘ftyp’) {
   unsigned int(32)  major_brand;
   unsigned int(32)  minor_version;
   unsigned int(32) compatible_brands[];
}
  • 字段说明:

 

  • Nginx模块实现
ngx_int_t
ngx_rtmp_mp4_write_ftyp(ngx_buf_t *b)
{
    u_char  *pos;

    pos = ngx_rtmp_mp4_start_box(b, "ftyp");

    /* major brand */
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_box(b, "iso6");

    /* minor version */
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 1);

    /* compatible brands */
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_box(b, "isom");
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_box(b, "iso6");
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_box(b, "dash");

    ngx_rtmp_mp4_update_box_size(b, pos);

    return NGX_OK;
}

3.2 Movie Box (moov)

作为容器盒子,存放相关的trak及meta信息.

  • 基本格式如下:
  • aligned(8) class MovieExtendsBox extends Box(‘mvex’){ }
    
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 3.2.1 Movie Header Box (mvhd)

mvhd 是 moov 下的第一个 box,用来描述 media 的相关信息:

  • 基本格式如下:
    aligned(8) class MovieHeaderBox extends FullBox(‘mvhd’, version, 0) { 
         if (version==1) {
           unsigned int(64)  creation_time;
           unsigned int(64)  modification_time;
           unsigned int(32)  timescale;
           unsigned int(64)  duration;
        } else { // version==0
           unsigned int(32)  creation_time;
           unsigned int(32)  modification_time;
           unsigned int(32)  timescale;
           unsigned int(32)  duration;
        }
        
        template int(32)  rate = 0x00010000; // typically 1.0
        template int(16)  volume = 0x0100;   // typically, full volume
        const bit(16)  reserved = 0;
        const unsigned int(32)[2]  reserved = 0;
        template int(32)[9]  matrix =
        { 0x00010000,0,0,0,0x00010000,0,0,0,0x40000000 };
              // Unity matrix
           bit(32)[6]  pre_defined = 0;
           unsigned int(32)  next_track_ID;
    }
  • 字段说明:
  • Nginx模块实现
static ngx_int_t
ngx_rtmp_mp4_write_mvhd(ngx_buf_t *b)
{
    u_char  *pos;

    pos = ngx_rtmp_mp4_start_box(b, "mvhd");

    /* version */
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0);

    /* creation time */
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0);

    /* modification time */
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0);

    /* timescale */
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 1000);

    /* duration */
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0);

    /* reserved */
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0x00010000);
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_16(b, 0x0100);
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_16(b, 0);
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0);
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0);

    ngx_rtmp_mp4_write_matrix(b, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0);

    /* reserved */
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0);
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0);
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0);
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0);
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0);
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 0);

    /* next track id */
    ngx_rtmp_mp4_field_32(b, 1);

    ngx_rtmp_mp4_update_box_size(b, pos);

    return NGX_OK;
}

3.2.2 Movie Extends Box (mvex)(fMP4专有)

mvex 是 fMP4 的标准盒子。它的作用是告诉解码器这是一个fMP4的文件,具体的 samples 信息内容不再放到 trak 里面,而是在每一个 moof 中。基本格式为:


aligned(8) class MovieExtendsHeaderBox extends FullBox(‘mehd’, version, 0) { if (version==1) {
      unsigned int(64)  fragment_duration;
   } else { // version==0
      unsigned int(32)  fragment_duration;
   }
}

3.2.2.1 Track Extends Box (trex)(fMP4专有)

trex 是 mvex 的子一级 box 用来给 fMP4 的 sample 设置默认值。基本内容为

aligned(8) class TrackExtendsBox extends FullBox(‘trex’, 0, 0){ 
    unsigned int(32) track_ID;
    unsigned int(32) default_sample_description_index;
    unsigned int(32) default_sample_duration;
    unsigned int(32) default_sample_size;
    unsigned int(32) default_sample_flags 
}

3.2.3 Track Box (trak)

trak box 就是主要存放相关 media stream 的内容。

3.2.3.1 Track Header Box (tkhd)

tkhd 是 trak box 的子一级 box 的内容。主要是用来描述该特定 trak 的相关内容信息。其主要内容为:

  • 基本格式如下:

aligned(8) class TrackHeaderBox
   extends FullBox(‘tkhd’, version, flags){
   if (version==1) {
      unsigned int(64)  creation_time;
      unsigned int(64)  modification_time;
      unsigned int(32)  track_ID;
      const unsigned int(32)  reserved = 0;
      unsigned int(64)  duration;
   } else { // version==0
      unsigned int(32)  creation_time;
      unsigned int(32)  modification_time;
      unsigned int(32)  track_ID;
      const unsigned int(32)  reserved = 0;
      unsigned int(32)  duration;
}


const unsigned int(32)[2] reserved = 0;
template int(16) layer = 0;
template int(16) alternate_group = 0;
template int(16) volume = {if track_is_audio 0x0100 else 0}; const unsigned int(16) reserved = 0;
template int(32)[9] matrix=
{ 0x00010000,0,0,0,0x00010000,0,0,0,0x40000000 };
   // unity matrix
   unsigned int(32) width;
   unsigned int(32) height;
}
  • 字段说明:

3.2.3.2 Media Box (media)

mdia 主要用来包裹相关的 media 信息。

(1) Media Header Box (mdhd)

  • 基本格式如下:
aligned(8) class MediaHeaderBox extends FullBox(‘mdhd’, version, 0) { if (version==1) {
      unsigned int(64)  creation_time;
      unsigned int(64)  modification_time;
      unsigned int(32)  timescale;
      unsigned int(64)  duration;
   } else { // version==0
      unsigned int(32)  creation_time;
      unsigned int(32)  modification_time;
      unsigned int(32)  timescale;
      unsigned int(32)  duration;
}

bit(1) pad = 0;
unsigned int(5)[3] language; // ISO-639-2/T language code unsigned int(16) pre_defined = 0;
}
  • 字段说明:

(2) Handler Reference Box(hdlr)

  • 基本格式如下:

aligned(8) class HandlerBox extends FullBox(‘hdlr’, version = 0, 0) { 
unsigned int(32) pre_defined = 0;
unsigned int(32) handler_type;
const unsigned int(32)[3] reserved = 0;
string   name;
}
  • 字段说明:

 

  • handler_type 类型如下:
  •     vide : Video track
        soun : Audio track
        hint : Hint track
        meta : Timed Metadata track
        auxv : Auxiliary Video track
    

    3.2.3.3 Media Information Box (minf)

    minf 是子属内容中,重要的容器 box,用来存放当前 track 的基本描述信息。

    (1) Video Media Header Box(vmhd)

  • 基本格式如下:
  • aligned(8) class VideoMediaHeaderBox
    extends FullBox(‘vmhd’, version = 0, 1) {
    template unsigned int(16) graphicsmode = 0; // copy, see below 
    template unsigned int(16)[3] opcolor = {0, 0, 0};
    }

    (2) Sound Media Header Box(smhd)

  • 基本格式如下:
  • aligned(8) class SoundMediaHeaderBox
       extends FullBox(‘smhd’, version = 0, 0) {
       template int(16) balance = 0;
       const unsigned int(16)  reserved = 0;
    }
    

    (3) Data Information Box(dinf)

    dinf 是用来说明在 trak 中,media 描述信息的位置。其实本身就是一个容器,没啥内容:

  • 基本格式如下:
  • aligned(8) class SoundMediaHeaderBox
       extends FullBox(‘smhd’, version = 0, 0) {
       template int(16) balance = 0;
       const unsigned int(16)  reserved = 0;
    }
    

    (4) Data Reference Box(dref)

    dref 是用来设置当前Box描述信息的 data_entry。

  • 基本格式如下:
aligned(8) class DataReferenceBox
   extends FullBox(‘dref’, version = 0, 0) {
   unsigned int(32)  entry_count;
   
   for (i=1; i <= entry_count; i++) {
        DataEntryBox(entry_version, entry_flags) data_entry; }
    }
  • 字段说明:

3.3 Moof Box

3.4 Sidxs Box

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转载自blog.csdn.net/yinshipin007/article/details/126651028
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