基本介绍：
1.为请求创建了一个接收者对象的链(简单示意图)。这种模式对请求的发送者和接收者进行解耦。
2.职责链模式通常每个接收者都包含对另一个接收者的引用。如果一个对象不能处理该请求，那么它会把相同的请求传给下一个接收者，依此类推。
原理图：
1)Handler : 抽象的处理者, 定义了一个处理请求的接口, 同时含义另外 Handler
2)ConcreteHandlerA , B 是具体的处理者, 处理它自己负责的请求， 可以访问它的后继者(即下一个处理者), 如果可以处理当前请求，则处理，否则就将该请求交个 后继者去处理，从而形成一个职责链
3)Request ， 含义很多属性，表示一个请求
案例：
编写程序完成学校 OA 系统的采购审批项目：需求采购员采购教学器材
如果金额 小于等于 5000, 由教学主任审批
如果金额 小于等于 10000, 由院长审批
如果金额 小于等于 30000, 由副校长审批
如果金额 超过 30000 以上，有校长审批
public abstract class Approver {
Approver approver; //下一个处理者 String name; // 名 字
public Approver(String name) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub this.name = name;
}
//下一个处理者
public void setApprover(Approver approver) {
this.approver = approver;
}
//处理审批请求的方法，得到一个请求, 处理是子类完成，因此该方法做成抽象
public abstract void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest);
}
//院长处理
public class CollegeApprover extends Approver {
public CollegeApprover(String name) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub super(name);
}
@Override
public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(purchaseRequest.getPrice() < 5000 && purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 10000) {
System.out.println(" 请求编号 id= " + purchaseRequest.getId() + " 被 " + this.name + " 处理");
}else {
approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
}
//主任处理
public class DepartmentApprover extends Approver {
public DepartmentApprover(String name) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub super(name);
}
@Override
public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub if(purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 5000) {
System.out.println(" 请求编号 id= " + purchaseRequest.getId() + " 被 " + this.name + " 处理");
}else {
approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
}
//校长处理
public class SchoolMasterApprover extends Approver {
public SchoolMasterApprover(String name) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub super(name);
}
@Override
public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub if(purchaseRequest.getPrice() > 30000) {
System.out.println(" 请求编号 id= " + purchaseRequest.getId() + " 被 " + this.name + " 处理");
}else {
approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
}
//副校长处理
public class ViceSchoolMasterApprover extends Approver {
public ViceSchoolMasterApprover(String name) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub super(name);
}
@Override
public void processRequest(PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(purchaseRequest.getPrice() < 10000 && purchaseRequest.getPrice() <= 30000) {
System.out.println(" 请求编号 id= " + purchaseRequest.getId() + " 被 " + this.name + " 处理");
}else {
approver.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}
}
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//创建一个请求
PurchaseRequest purchaseRequest = new PurchaseRequest(1, 31000, 1);
//创建相关的审批人
DepartmentApprover departmentApprover = new DepartmentApprover("张主任");
CollegeApprover collegeApprover = new CollegeApprover("李院长");
ViceSchoolMasterApprover viceSchoolMasterApprover = new ViceSchoolMasterApprover("王副校");
SchoolMasterApprover schoolMasterApprover = new SchoolMasterApprover("佟校长");
//需要将各个审批级别的下一个设置好 (处理人构成环形: )
departmentApprover.setApprover(collegeApprover);
collegeApprover.setApprover(viceSchoolMasterApprover);
viceSchoolMasterApprover.setApprover(schoolMasterApprover);
schoolMasterApprover.setApprover(departmentApprover);
departmentApprover.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
viceSchoolMasterApprover.processRequest(purchaseRequest);
}
}