mongodb update


mongodb update
2011年05月13日
  mongodb更新有两个命令:
  1).update()命令
  db.collection.update( criteria, objNew, upsert, multi )
  criteria : update的查询条件,类似sql update查询内where后面的
  objNew   : update的对象和一些更新的操作符(如$,$inc...)等,也可以理解为sql update查询内set后面的
  upsert   : 这个参数的意思是,如果不存在update的记录,是否插入objNew,true为插入,默认是false,不插入。
  multi    : mongodb默认是false,只更新找到的第一条记录,如果这个参数为true,就把按条件查出来多条记录全部更新。
  例:
  db.test0.update( { "count" : { $gt : 1 } } , { $set : { "test2" : "OK"} } ); 只更新了第一条记录
  db.test0.update( { "count" : { $gt : 3 } } , { $set : { "test2" : "OK"} },false,true ); 全更新了
  db.test0.update( { "count" : { $gt : 4 } } , { $set : { "test5" : "OK"} },true,false ); 只加进去了第一条
  db.test0.update( { "count" : { $gt : 5 } } , { $set : { "test5" : "OK"} },true,true ); 全加进去了
  db.test0.update( { "count" : { $gt : 15 } } , { $inc : { "count" : 1} },false,true );全更新了
  db.test0.update( { "count" : { $gt : 10 } } , { $inc : { "count" : 1} },false,false );只更新了第一条
  2).save()命令
  db.collection.save( x )
  x就是要更新的对象,只能是单条记录。
  如果在collection内已经存在一个和x对象相同的"_id"的记录。mongodb就会把x对象替换collection内已经存在的记录,否则将会插入x对象,如果x内没有_id,系统会自动生成一个再插入。相当于上面update语句的upsert=true,multi=false的情况。
  例:
  db.test0.save({count:40,test1:"OK"}); #_id系统会生成
  db.test0.save({_id:40,count:40,test1:"OK"}); #如果test0内有_id等于40的,会替换,否则插入。
  mongodb的更新操作符:
  1) $inc
  用法:{ $inc : { field : value } }
  意思对一个数字字段field增加value,例:
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 16, "test1" : "TESTTEST", "test2" : "OK", "test3" : "TESTTEST", "test4" : "OK", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $inc : { "count" : 1 } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 17, "test1" : "TESTTEST", "test2" : "OK", "test3" : "TESTTEST", "test4" : "OK", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $inc : { "count" : 2 } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 19, "test1" : "TESTTEST", "test2" : "OK", "test3" : "TESTTEST", "test4" : "OK", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $inc : { "count" : -1 } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : "TESTTEST", "test2" : "OK", "test3" : "TESTTEST", "test4" : "OK", "test5" : "OK" }
  2) $set
  用法:{ $set : { field : value } }
  就是相当于sql的set field = value,全部数据类型都支持$set。例:
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $set : { "test1" : "testv1","test2" : "testv2","test3" : "testv3","test4" : "testv4" } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : "testv1", "test2" : "testv2", "test3" : "testv3", "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  3) $unset
  用法:{ $unset : { field : 1} }
  顾名思义,就是删除字段了。例:
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $unset : { "test1":1 } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test2" : "testv2", "test3" : "testv3", "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $unset : { "test2": 0 } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test3" : "testv3", "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $unset : { "test3":asdfasf } } );
  Fri May 14 16:17:38 JS Error: ReferenceError: asdfasf is not defined (shell):0
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $unset : { "test3":"test" } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  没看出field : 1里面的1是干什么用的,反正只要有东西就行。
  4) $push
  用法:{ $push : { field : value } }
  把value追加到field里面去,field一定要是数组类型才行,如果field不存在,会新增一个数组类型加进去。例:
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $set : { "test1" : ["aaa","bbb"] } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "aaa", "bbb" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $push : { "test1": "ccc" } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "aaa", "bbb", "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $push : { "test2": "ccc" } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "aaa", "bbb", "ccc" ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $push : { "test1": ["ddd","eee"] } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", [ "ddd", "eee" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }5) $pushAll
  用法:{ $pushAll : { field : value_array } }
  同$push,只是一次可以追加多个值到一个数组字段内。例:
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", [ "ddd", "eee" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $pushAll : { "test1": ["fff","ggg"] } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", [ "ddd", "eee" ], "fff", "ggg" ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  6) $addToSet
  用法:{ $addToSet : { field : value } }
  增加一个值到数组内,而且只有当这个值不在数组内才增加。例:
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $addToSet : { "test1": {$each : ["444","555"] } } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [
  "aaa",
  "bbb",
  "ccc",
  [
  "ddd",
  "eee"
  ],
  "fff",
  "ggg",
  [
  "111",
  "222"
  ],
  "444",
  "555"
  ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $addToSet : { "test1": {$each : ["444","555"] } } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [
  "aaa",
  "bbb",
  "ccc",
  [
  "ddd",
  "eee"
  ],
  "fff",
  "ggg",
  [
  "111",
  "222"
  ],
  "444",
  "555"
  ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $addToSet : { "test1": ["444","555"] } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [
  "aaa",
  "bbb",
  "ccc",
  [
  "ddd",
  "eee"
  ],
  "fff",
  "ggg",
  [
  "111",
  "222"
  ],
  "444",
  "555",
  [
  "444",
  "555"
  ]
  ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $addToSet : { "test1": ["444","555"] } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [
  "aaa",
  "bbb",
  "ccc",
  [
  "ddd",
  "eee"
  ],
  "fff",
  "ggg",
  [
  "111",
  "222"
  ],
  "444",
  "555",
  [
  "444",
  "555"
  ]
  ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  7) $pop
  删除数组内的一个值
  用法:
  删除最后一个值:{ $pop : { field : 1 } }删除第一个值:{ $pop : { field : -1 } }
  注意,只能删除一个值,也就是说只能用1或-1,而不能用2或-2来删除两条。mongodb 1.1及以后的版本才可以用,例:
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [
  "bbb",
  "ccc",
  [
  "ddd",
  "eee"
  ],
  "fff",
  "ggg",
  [
  "111",
  "222"
  ],
  "444"
  ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $pop : { "test1": -1 } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [
  "ccc",
  [
  "ddd",
  "eee"
  ],
  "fff",
  "ggg",
  [
  "111",
  "222"
  ],
  "444"
  ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $pop : { "test1": 1 } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "ccc", [ "ddd", "eee" ], "fff", "ggg", [ "111", "222" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4",
  "test5" : "OK" }
  8) $pull
  用法:$pull : { field : value } }
  从数组field内删除一个等于value值。例:
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "ccc", [ "ddd", "eee" ], "fff", "ggg", [ "111", "222" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4",
  "test5" : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $pull : { "test1": "ggg" } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "ccc", [ "ddd", "eee" ], "fff", [ "111", "222" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5"
  : "OK" }
  9) $pullAll
  用法:{ $pullAll : { field : value_array } }
  同$pull,可以一次删除数组内的多个值。例:
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ "ccc", [ "ddd", "eee" ], "fff", [ "111", "222" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5"
  : "OK" }
  > db.test0.update( { "_id" : 15 } , { $pullAll : { "test1": [ "ccc" , "fff" ] } } );
  > db.test0.find( { "_id" : 15 } );
  { "_id" : { "floatApprox" : 15 }, "count" : 18, "test1" : [ [ "ddd", "eee" ], [ "111", "222" ] ], "test2" : [ "ccc" ], "test4" : "testv4", "test5" : "OK" }
  10) $ 操作符
  $是他自己的意思,代表按条件找出的数组里面某项他自己。呵呵,比较坳口。看一下官方的例子:
  > t.find()
  { "_id" : ObjectId("4b97e62bf1d8c7152c9ccb74"), "title" : "ABC", "comments" : [ { "by" : "joe", "votes" : 3 }, { "by" : "jane", "votes" : 7 } ] }
  > t.update( {'comments.by':'joe'}, {$inc:{'comments.$.votes':1}}, false, true )
  > t.find()
  { "_id" : ObjectId("4b97e62bf1d8c7152c9ccb74"), "title" : "ABC", "comments" : [ { "by" : "joe", "votes" : 4 }, { "by" : "jane", "votes" : 7 } ] }
  需要注意的是,$只会应用找到的第一条数组项,后面的就不管了。还是看例子:
  > t.find();
  { "_id" : ObjectId("4b9e4a1fc583fa1c76198319"), "x" : [ 1, 2, 3, 2 ] }
  > t.update({x: 2}, {$inc: {"x.$": 1}}, false, true);
  > t.find();
  还有注意的是$配合$unset使用的时候,会留下一个null的数组项,不过可以用{$pull:{x:null}}删除全部是null的数组项。例:
  > t.insert({x: [1,2,3,4,3,2,3,4]})
  > t.find()
  { "_id" : ObjectId("4bde2ad3755d00000000710e"), "x" : [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4 ] }
  > t.update({x:3}, {$unset:{"x.$":1}})
  > t.find()
  { "_id" : ObjectId("4bde2ad3755d00000000710e"), "x" : [ 1, 2, null, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4 ] }
  { "_id" : ObjectId("4b9e4a1fc583fa1c76198319"), "x" : [ 1, 3, 3, 2 ] }
  http://hi.baidu.com/ixigua/blog/item/4d0ce436a4a7d 63e0b55a914.html

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转载自rfe48rfe.iteye.com/blog/1359639