笔记:在Linux的CentOS6.9系统下安装Python3.7

一、在VMware中创建好虚拟机后,用yum下载安装包发现无法下载:

【已解决】:
				备份配置文件,防止以后出错后不好恢复:
					mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
				执行下面命令,新建CentOS-Base.repo配置:	
					vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
				复制粘贴如下命令
					[centos-office]
					name=centos-office
					failovermethod=priority
					baseurl=https://vault.centos.org/6.10/os/x86_64/
					gpgcheck=1
					gpgkey=https://vault.centos.org/6.10/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
				保存后退出,执行yum list  正常无报错

二、python3.7环境问题:

准备工作:
		问题一:libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found
			参考连接:https://blog.csdn.net/cpplang/article/details/8462768
			1. 下载
				wget http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/gnu/libc/glibc-2.14.tar.gz
			2. 解压 
				tar -zxvf glibc-2.14.tar.gz
			3. 创建一个目录进到目录
				mkdir build
				cd build
			4. 运行配置然后编译
				../configure --prefix=/opt/glibc-2.14
				make -j4 && make install && make localedata/install-locales
		问题二:WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available
			参考连接:https://www.cnblogs.com/larack/p/12196850.html
			1. 下载openssl
				wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1a.tar.gz
				tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1a.tar.gz
				cd openssl-1.1.1a
			2. 编译安装
				./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl no-zlib #不需要zlib
				make
				make install
			3. 备份原配置
				mv /usr/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl.bak
				mv /usr/include/openssl/ /usr/include/openssl.bak
			4. 新版配置
				ln -s /usr/local/openssl/include/openssl /usr/include/openssl
				ln -s /usr/local/openssl/lib/libssl.so.1.1 /usr/local/lib64/libssl.so
				ln -s /usr/local/openssl/bin/openssl /usr/bin/openssl
			5. 修改系统配置,写入openssl库文件的搜索路径
				echo "/usr/local/openssl/lib" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
			6. 使修改后的/etc/ld.so.conf生效 
				ldconfig -v
			7. 查看openssl版本
				openssl version
		问题三:python: error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.7m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file:
			参考连接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43840640/article/details/89478729
			1. cd /usr/local/bin/python3/lib
			2. cp libpython3.7m.so.1.0 /usr/lib64
			3. python -V
	开始安装:
		1. 安装相关依赖
			yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gcc make
		2. 安装一个最匹配的(不然下面运行python3.7或者搭建虚拟环境有一堆问题)
			yum install libffi-devel -y (libffi-devel-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64)
		3. 下载python3.7安装包
			wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tar.xz
		4. 解压并编译
			tar -xvJf  Python-3.7.0.tar.xz
			cd Python-3.7.0
			./configure prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-openssl=/usr/local/openssl --enable-shared --enable-optimizations 
			make && make install
		5. 备份并创建软连接
			mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.bak
			ln -s /root/Python-3.7.0/python /usr/bin/python
		6. 清除之前编译的文件
			make clean
			make distclean

三、python虚拟环境的简单使用:

参考连接: https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/146505965
		安装准备:
			1. 安装虚拟环境和管理工具:
				pip install virtualenv
				pip install virtualenvwrapper
			2. 创建一个文件夹用来放虚拟环境
				mkdir .virtualenvs
			3. 获取之前安装的python执行文件和virtualenvwrapper.sh执行文件的存放路径
				find / -name virtualenvwrapper.sh
			4. 添加以下内容到家目录.bashrc
				export WORKON_HOME=~/.virtualenvs
				export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python
				source /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
			5. 刷新.bashrc
				source .bashrc
		使用虚拟环境:
			1. 新建一个虚拟环境
				mkvirtualenv test
			2. 退出当前虚拟环境
				deactivate
			3. 查看所有的虚拟环境
				workon
				lsvirtualenv
			4. 进入某个虚拟环境
				workon test
			5. 删除虚拟环境
				rmvirtualenv test

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转载自blog.csdn.net/xiaoxin_OK/article/details/117660532
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