date指令，cal指令，bc指令

先看看date的help信息
[root@localhost ~]# date --help
Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT]
  or:  date [-u|--utc|--universal] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]]
Display the current time in the given FORMAT, or set the system date.

  -d, --date=STRING         display time described by STRING, not `now'
  -f, --file=DATEFILE       like --date once for each line of DATEFILE
  -r, --reference=FILE      display the last modification time of FILE
  -R, --rfc-2822            output date and time in RFC 2822 format
      --rfc-3339=TIMESPEC   output date and time in RFC 3339 format.
                            TIMESPEC=`date', `seconds', or `ns' for
                            date and time to the indicated precision.
  -s, --set=STRING          set time described by STRING
  -u, --utc, --universal    print or set Coordinated Universal Time
      --help     显示此帮助信息并退出
      --version  输出版本信息并退出

FORMAT controls the output.  The only valid option for the second form
specifies Coordinated Universal Time.  Interpreted sequences are:

  %%   a literal %
  %a   locale's abbreviated weekday name (e.g., Sun)
  %A   locale's full weekday name (e.g., Sunday)
  %b   locale's abbreviated month name (e.g., Jan)
  %B   locale's full month name (e.g., January)
  %c   locale's date and time (e.g., Thu Mar  3 23:05:25 2005)
  %C   century; like %Y, except omit last two digits (e.g., 21)
  %d   day of month (e.g, 01)
  %D   date; same as %m/%d/%y
  %e   day of month, space padded; same as %_d
  %F   full date; same as %Y-%m-%d
  %g   last two digits of year of ISO week number (see %G)
  %G   year of ISO week number (see %V); normally useful only with %V
  %h   same as %b
  %H   hour (00..23)
  %I   hour (01..12)
  %j   day of year (001..366)
  %k   hour ( 0..23)
  %l   hour ( 1..12)
  %m   month (01..12)
  %M   minute (00..59)
  %n   a newline
  %N   nanoseconds (000000000..999999999)
  %p   locale's equivalent of either AM or PM; blank if not known
  %P   like %p, but lower case
  %r   locale's 12-hour clock time (e.g., 11:11:04 PM)
  %R   24-hour hour and minute; same as %H:%M
  %s   seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC
  %S   second (00..60)
  %t   a tab
  %T   time; same as %H:%M:%S
  %u   day of week (1..7); 1 is Monday
  %U   week number of year, with Sunday as first day of week (00..53)
  %V   ISO week number, with Monday as first day of week (01..53)
  %w   day of week (0..6); 0 is Sunday
  %W   week number of year, with Monday as first day of week (00..53)
  %x   locale's date representation (e.g., 12/31/99)
  %X   locale's time representation (e.g., 23:13:48)
  %y   last two digits of year (00..99)
  %Y   year
  %z   +hhmm numeric timezone (e.g., -0400)
  %:z  +hh:mm numeric timezone (e.g., -04:00)
  %::z  +hh:mm:ss numeric time zone (e.g., -04:00:00)
  %:::z  numeric time zone with : to necessary precision (e.g., -04, +05:30)
  %Z   alphabetic time zone abbreviation (e.g., EDT)

By default, date pads numeric fields with zeroes.
The following optional flags may follow `%':

  - (hyphen) do not pad the field
  _ (underscore) pad with spaces
  0 (zero) pad with zeros
  ^ use upper case if possible
  # use opposite case if possible

After any flags comes an optional field width, as a decimal number;
then an optional modifier, which is either
E to use the locale's alternate representations if available, or
O to use the locale's alternate numeric symbols if available.

请向 <[email protected]> 报告错误。

直接运行date，由于我是中文环境，结果是：
[root@localhost ~]# date
2011年 04月 23日 星期六 13:59:20 CST

设定格式
[root@localhost ~]# date +%Y/%m/%d
2011/04/23


cal指令
[root@localhost ~]# man cal
Cannot open the message catalog "man" for locale "zh_CN.UTF-8"
(NLSPATH="<none>")

Formatting page, please wait...
CAL(1)                    BSD General Commands Manual                   CAL(1)

NAME
     cal - displays a calendar

SYNOPSIS
     cal [-smjy13] [[month] year]

DESCRIPTION
     Cal displays a simple calendar.  If arguments are not specified, the cur-
     rent month is displayed.  The options are as follows:

     -1      Display single month output.  (This is the default.)

     -3      Display prev/current/next month output.

     -s      Display Sunday as the first day of the week.  (This is the
             default.)

     -m      Display Monday as the first day of the week.

     -j      Display Julian dates (days one-based, numbered from January 1).

     -y      Display a calendar for the current year.

     A single parameter specifies the year (1 - 9999) to be displayed; note
     the year must be fully specified: “cal 89” will not display a calendar
     for 1989.  Two parameters denote the month (1 - 12) and year.  If no
     parameters are specified, the current month’s calendar is displayed.

     A year starts on Jan 1.

     The Gregorian Reformation is assumed to have occurred in 1752 on the 3rd
     of September.  By this time, most countries had recognized the reforma-
     tion (although a few did not recognize it until the early 1900’s.)  Ten
     days following that date were eliminated by the reformation, so the cal-
     endar for that month is a bit unusual.

HISTORY
     A cal command appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.

OTHER VERSIONS
     Several much more elaborate versions of this program exist, with support
     for colors, holidays, birthdays, reminders and appointments, etc. For
     example, try the cal from http://home.sprynet.com/~cbagwell/projects.html
     or GNU gcal.

BSD                              June 6, 1993                              BSD

[root@localhost ~]# cal
     四月 2011     
日 一 二 三 四 五 六
                1  2
3  4  5  6  7  8  9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30

显示整年的日历
[root@localhost ~]# cal 2010
                               2010                               

        一月                   二月                   三月        
日 一 二 三 四 五 六   日 一 二 三 四 五 六   日 一 二 三 四 五 六
                1  2       1  2  3  4  5  6       1  2  3  4  5  6
3  4  5  6  7  8  9    7  8  9 10 11 12 13    7  8  9 10 11 12 13
10 11 12 13 14 15 16   14 15 16 17 18 19 20   14 15 16 17 18 19 20
17 18 19 20 21 22 23   21 22 23 24 25 26 27   21 22 23 24 25 26 27
24 25 26 27 28 29 30   28                     28 29 30 31
31
        四月                   五月                   六月        
日 一 二 三 四 五 六   日 一 二 三 四 五 六   日 一 二 三 四 五 六
             1  2  3                      1          1  2  3  4  5
4  5  6  7  8  9 10    2  3  4  5  6  7  8    6  7  8  9 10 11 12
11 12 13 14 15 16 17    9 10 11 12 13 14 15   13 14 15 16 17 18 19
18 19 20 21 22 23 24   16 17 18 19 20 21 22   20 21 22 23 24 25 26
25 26 27 28 29 30      23 24 25 26 27 28 29   27 28 29 30
                       30 31
        七月                   八月                   九月        
日 一 二 三 四 五 六   日 一 二 三 四 五 六   日 一 二 三 四 五 六
             1  2  3    1  2  3  4  5  6  7             1  2  3  4
4  5  6  7  8  9 10    8  9 10 11 12 13 14    5  6  7  8  9 10 11
11 12 13 14 15 16 17   15 16 17 18 19 20 21   12 13 14 15 16 17 18
18 19 20 21 22 23 24   22 23 24 25 26 27 28   19 20 21 22 23 24 25
25 26 27 28 29 30 31   29 30 31               26 27 28 29 30

        十月                  十一月                 十二月       
日 一 二 三 四 五 六   日 一 二 三 四 五 六   日 一 二 三 四 五 六
                1  2       1  2  3  4  5  6             1  2  3  4
3  4  5  6  7  8  9    7  8  9 10 11 12 13    5  6  7  8  9 10 11
10 11 12 13 14 15 16   14 15 16 17 18 19 20   12 13 14 15 16 17 18
17 18 19 20 21 22 23   21 22 23 24 25 26 27   19 20 21 22 23 24 25
24 25 26 27 28 29 30   28 29 30               26 27 28 29 30 31
31

显示指定年份，月份
[root@localhost ~]# cal 1 2010
     一月 2010     
日 一 二 三 四 五 六
                1  2
3  4  5  6  7  8  9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 23
24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31

bc
[root@localhost ~]# bc --help
usage: bc [options] [file ...]
  -h  --help         print this usage and exit
  -i  --interactive  force interactive mode
  -l  --mathlib      use the predefine math routnes
  -q  --quiet        don't print initial banner
  -s  --standard     non-standard bc constructs are errors
  -w  --warn         warn about non-standard bc constructs
  -v  --version      print version information and exit

[root@localhost ~]# bc
bc 1.06
Copyright 1991-1994, 1997, 1998, 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
For details type `warranty'.
1+1
2
quit
1+1是我输入的
2是显示的结果
quit输入后，退出