《Ruby on Rails 教程》第 6 章

User 模型

生成 User 模型并迁移

bin/rails generate model User name:string email:string
bin/rails db:migrate
复制代码

控制器名是复数，模型名是单数：控制器是 Users，而模型是 User。

测试验证

为了测试有效的对象，我们要在特殊的 setup 方法中创建一个有效的用户对象 @user。setup 方法会在每个测试方法运行前执行。因为 @user 是实例变量，所以自动可在所有测试方法中使用，而且我们可以使用 valid? 方法检查它是否有效。

在数据库中为 email 列建立索引，然后为索引加上唯一性约束。

bin/rails generate migration add_index_to_users_email
复制代码

与 User 模型的迁移不同，实现 email 唯一性的操作没有事先定义好的模板可用，所以我们要自己动手编写

db/migrate/[timestamp]_add_index_to_users_email.rb

class AddIndexToUsersEmail < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.0]
  def change
    add_index :users, :email, unique: true
  end
end
复制代码

执行数据库迁移

bin/rails db:migrate
复制代码

把 test/fixtures/users.yml 内容置空

test/models/user_test.rb

require "test_helper"

class UserTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  def setup
    @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "[email protected]")
  end
  
  test "should be valid" do
    assert @user.valid?
  end

  test "name should be present" do
    @user.name = "     "
    assert_not @user.valid?
  end

  test "email should be present" do
    @user.email = "     "
    assert_not @user.valid?
  end

  test "name should not be too long" do
    @user.name = "a" * 51
    assert_not @user.valid?
  end

  test "email should not be too long" do
    @user.email = "a" * 244 + "@example.com"
    assert_not @user.valid?
  end

  test "email validation should reject invalid addresses" do
    invalid_addresses = %w[user@example,com user_at_foo.org user.name@example.
    foo@bar_baz.com foo@bar+baz.com]
    invalid_addresses.each do |invalid_address|
      @user.email = invalid_address
      assert_not @user.valid?, "#{invalid_address.inspect} should be invalid"
    end
  end

  test "email addresses should be unique" do
    duplicate_user = @user.dup
    @user.save
    assert_not duplicate_user.valid?
  end
end
复制代码

app/models/user.rb

class User < ApplicationRecord
  before_save { self.email = email.downcase }
  validates :name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 50 }
  VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /\A[\w+\-.]+@[a-z\d\-.]+\.[a-z]+\z/i
  validates :email, presence: true, length: { maximum: 255 },
    format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX },
    uniqueness: true
end
复制代码

bin/rails test:models # 只运行模型测试
bin/rails test
复制代码

添加安全密码

添加 password_digest

扫描二维码关注公众号，回复： 13530573 查看本文章

bin/rails generate migration add_password_digest_to_users password_digest:string
bin/rails db:migrate
复制代码

恢复 gem

gem "bcrypt", "~> 3.1.7"
复制代码