java上传文件到远程服务器(一)---HttpURLConnection方式

我们在之前的文章

JavaWeb静态资源分离思路

中已经了解到要把文件上传到静态资源服务器有三种方式:

java上传文件到ftp服务器(这个方案需要在静态资源服务器安装ftp服务)

java使用HttpURLConnection上传文件到远程服务器 (分为客户端和服务端,客户端负责上传,服务端负责接收文件)

java使用HttpClient通过Post上传文件到远程服务器 (分为客户端和服务端,客户端负责上传,服务端负责接收文件)

本章我们就来尝试HttpURLConnection上传文件到远程服务器。

我们在之前的文章中已经在SpringMVC基础框架的基础上应用了BootStrap的后台框架,在此基础上记录HttpURLConnection上传文件到远程服务器。

应用bootstrap模板

基础项目源码下载地址为:

SpringMVC+Shiro+MongoDB+BootStrap基础框架

我们在基础项目中已经做好了首页index的访问。
现在就在index.jsp页面和index的路由Controller上做修改,HttpURLConnection上传文件到远程服务器。

客户端
客户端HttpURLConnection上传文件到远程服务器的原理是通过构造参数模仿form提交文件的http请求,把文件提交到远程服务器的接收路由中。

index.jsp的代码为:

<%@ include file="./include/header.jsp"%>
        <div id="page-wrapper">
            <div id="page-inner">
 
 
                <div class="row">
                    <div class="col-md-12">
                        <h1 class="page-header">
                            HttpURLConnection <small>HttpURLConnection</small>
                        </h1>
                    </div>
                </div>
                <!-- /. ROW  -->
 
     <form class="form-horizontal" name="upform" action="upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
                    <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="sourceModule" class="col-sm-2 control-label">上传文件:</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-10">
                  <input type="file" name="filename"/><br/>  
                                               <input type="submit" value="提交" /><br/> 
                    </div>
                </div>
           </form>  
                <!-- /. ROW  -->
            </div>
            <!-- /. PAGE INNER  -->
        </div>
        <!-- /. PAGE WRAPPER  -->
 
    
 
        
        
 
 
 <%@ include file="./include/footer.jsp"%>
 
<script type="text/javascript">
    $(document).ready(function () {
     
     
   
 
    });
 
</script>
 
 
</body>
 
</html>

当提交表单里包含文件上传的时候,即Form的enctype属性值为multipart/form-data时,后台是无法像普通表单那样通过request.getParameter来获取用户提交的数据的。

这时候,当然可以通过解析提交到服务器的数据流来得到数据了,但是这样不但麻烦而且容易出错。

最好的方式是使用第三方的jar包获取数据,这方面有很多现成的成熟优秀的jar包。最常用的时以下三个:

apache的commons-fileupload : http://commons.apache.org/fileupload/

O’Reilly的cos: http://www.servlets.com/cos/index.html

jspsmart的SmartUpload:官方不提供下载了,google搜吧。

其中,据评测效率最高的是COS,最慢的是SmartUpload;最常用的是common-upload;文件太大时SmartUpland会崩溃。

我们这里使用commons-fileupload,需要引入两个jar包:commons-fileupload-1.3.1.jar和commons-io-2.4.jar。

下载地址:

http://central.maven.org/maven2/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload/1.3.1/commons-fileupload-1.3.1.jar

http://central.maven.org/maven2/commons-io/commons-io/2.4/commons-io-2.4.jar

如果是maven项目,在pom.xml中增加:

commons-fileupload commons-fileupload 1.3.1 commons-io commons-io 2.4

路由中upload方法接受form提交的file文件,并且上传到服务器:

IndexController.java代码如下:

package com.test.web.controller;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.test.web.message.response.JSONResult;

/**

  • IndexController

*/
@Controller
public class IndexController {

private static final String FAR_SERVICE_DIR = "http://192.168.30.39:8080/receive";//远程服务器接受文件的路由
private static final long yourMaxRequestSize = 10000000;

@RequestMapping("/")
public String index(Model model) throws IOException {

	return "/index";
}

@RequestMapping("/upload")
public String upload(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
	// 判断enctype属性是否为multipart/form-data
	boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
	if (!isMultipart)
		throw new IllegalArgumentException(
				"上传内容不是有效的multipart/form-data类型.");

	// Create a factory for disk-based file items
	DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();

	// Create a new file upload handler
	ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);

	// 设置上传内容的大小限制(单位:字节)
	upload.setSizeMax(yourMaxRequestSize);

	// Parse the request
	List<?> items = upload.parseRequest(request);

	Iterator iter = items.iterator();
	while (iter.hasNext()) {
		FileItem item = (FileItem) iter.next();

		if (item.isFormField()) {
			// 如果是普通表单字段
			String name = item.getFieldName();
			String value = item.getString();
			// ...
		} else {
			// 如果是文件字段
			String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
			String fileName = item.getName();
			String contentType = item.getContentType();
			boolean isInMemory = item.isInMemory();
			long sizeInBytes = item.getSize();
			// ...

			//上传到远程服务器
				InputStream uploadedStream = item.getInputStream();
				HashMap<String, InputStream> files = new HashMap<String, InputStream>();
				files.put(fileName, uploadedStream);
				uploadToFarService(files);
				uploadedStream.close();
		}
	}
	return "redirect:/";
}

public void uploadToFarService(HashMap<String, InputStream> files) {
	try {
		String BOUNDARY = "---------7d4a6d158c9"; // 定义数据分隔线
		URL url = new URL(FAR_SERVICE_DIR);
		HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
		// 发送POST请求必须设置如下两行
		conn.setDoOutput(true);
		conn.setDoInput(true);
		conn.setUseCaches(false);
		conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
		conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
		conn.setRequestProperty("user-agent",
				"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1)");
		conn.setRequestProperty("Charsert", "UTF-8");
		conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
				"multipart/form-data; boundary=" + BOUNDARY);

		OutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream());
		byte[] end_data = ("\r\n--" + BOUNDARY + "--\r\n").getBytes();// 定义最后数据分隔线
		Iterator iter = files.entrySet().iterator();
		int i=0;
		while (iter.hasNext()) {
			i++;
			Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) iter.next();
			String key = (String) entry.getKey();
			InputStream val = (InputStream) entry.getValue();
			String fname = key;
			File file = new File(fname);
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			sb.append("--");
			sb.append(BOUNDARY);
			sb.append("\r\n");
			sb.append("Content-Disposition: form-data;name=\"file" + i
					+ "\";filename=\"" + key + "\"\r\n");
			sb.append("Content-Type:application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n");

			byte[] data = sb.toString().getBytes();
			out.write(data);
			DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(val);
			int bytes = 0;
			byte[] bufferOut = new byte[1024];
			while ((bytes = in.read(bufferOut)) != -1) {
				out.write(bufferOut, 0, bytes);
			}
			out.write("\r\n".getBytes()); // 多个文件时,二个文件之间加入这个
			in.close();
		}
		out.write(end_data);
		out.flush();
		out.close();

		// 定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
		BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
				conn.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
		String line = null;
		while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
			System.out.println(line);
		}

	} catch (Exception e) {
		System.out.println("发送POST请求出现异常!" + e);
		e.printStackTrace();
	}
}

}

服务端

我们仍然在基础项目上fileController中实现接收文件。代码如下:

FileController.java

package com.test.web.controller;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**

  • IndexController

*/
@Controller
public class FileController {

//private static final String STORE_FILE_DIR="/usr/local/image/";//文件保存的路径
private static final String STORE_FILE_DIR="D:\\";//文件保存的路径

@RequestMapping("/receive")
public String receive(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
	// 判断enctype属性是否为multipart/form-data
	boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
	if (!isMultipart)
		throw new IllegalArgumentException(
				"上传内容不是有效的multipart/form-data类型.");

	// Create a factory for disk-based file items
	DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();

	// Create a new file upload handler
	ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);

	// Parse the request
	List<?> items = upload.parseRequest(request);

	Iterator iter = items.iterator();
	while (iter.hasNext()) {
		FileItem item = (FileItem) iter.next();
		if (item.isFormField()) {
			// 如果是普通表单字段
			String name = item.getFieldName();
			String value = item.getString();
			// ...
		} else {
			// 如果是文件字段
			String fieldName = item.getFieldName();
			String fileName = item.getName();
			String contentType = item.getContentType();
			boolean isInMemory = item.isInMemory();
			long sizeInBytes = item.getSize();
			
			String filePath=STORE_FILE_DIR+fileName;
			//写入文件到当前服务器磁盘
			File uploadedFile = new File(filePath);
			// File uploadedFile = new File("D:\haha.txt");
			item.write(uploadedFile);
		}
	}
	response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");  
	 response.getWriter().println("上传成功");
	return null;
}

}

我们需要把服务端发布到 远程服务器上 使用tomcat等运行起来。
如果项目中有shiro拦截的话记得设置成 /receive = anon 。让接收文件的路由不被拦截。

然后运行客户端,选择文件就可以上传了。对安全有要求的,可以在客户端加一个key,服务器端接收到请求后验证key,没问题的话 再写入目录和文件。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_29025955/article/details/115177345
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