Linux的基本思想：一切皆文件
终端（输入和输出设备）：terminal
虚拟终端（模拟终端,伪终端（远程控制））
#管理员标识 $用户标识
虚拟机下载方法：1.使用虚拟机搭建设备MVware
2.创建虚拟机（主机网络模式为nat 仅主机，桥接，ide，scsi，nvme ，然后创建磁盘大小20G，内存400M）
3.创建iso光盘镜像文件（RHEK红帽8.1）
命令格式（含空格）：
#命令 ifconfig
#命令 参数(对象) ip a / kill 8686 /ifconfig ens160
#命令 -选项 参数 ls -l
-长选项 ls -long
#命令 -选项 uname -r
判断命令是否执行成功（执行命令没有任何输出信息/执行命令提示对应显示的结果）
ctrl+c 结束当前进程
ctrl+l 清屏
查看ip地址的有两种不同方式：ip a 和ifconfig（两个命令的结果略有不同）
//ifconfig +ens160（本机的网络标识为ens160） --直接查看网络地址
//第一种查看ip地址的方式
[root@lxb ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever //此为物理地址
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:32:58:80 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.220.128/24 brd 192.168.220.255 scope global dynamic ens160
valid_lft 1005sec preferred_lft 1005sec
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe32:5880/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:8a:57:f6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever //这个是两个虚拟地址
4: virbr0-nic: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:8a:57:f6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
//第二种查看ip地址方式
[root@lxb ~]# ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.220.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.220.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe32:5880 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:32:58:80 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 4994 bytes 440824 (430.4 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1856 bytes 184676 (180.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:8a:57:f6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0-nic: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 52:54:00:8a:57:f6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
//第三种查看方式
[root@lxb ~]# ifconfig ens160
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.220.128 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.220.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe32:5880 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:32:58:80 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 5037 bytes 444026 (433.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1874 bytes 187916 (183.5 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
//配置网络地址的方式有两种：
第一种是在关机键旁边的地址进行配置
第二种就是在虚拟机进行dhclient配置（发起自动获取地址，并且主机默认网络断开，会连接网络）
//使用dhclient进行网络获取
[root@localhost ~]# dhclient
//如果多次操作，会报错
[root@localhost ~]# dhclient
dhclient(4162) is already running - exiting.
This version of ISC DHCP is based on the release available
on ftp.isc.org. Features have been added and other changes
have been made to the base software release in order to make
it work better with this distribution.
Please report issues with this software via:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/
exiting.
//此时用kill去消除
[root@localhost ~]# kill 4162
虚拟机关闭
[root@localhost ~]#poweroff 一般不推荐使用/ shutdown -h now 关机立刻
虚拟机重启
[root@localhost ~]#reboot 重启虚拟机 shutdown –r now （-r代表重启操作） shutdown –r 5 （代表重启操作5分钟以后）
虚拟机连接xshell
//虚拟机的连接
[C:\~]$ ssh 192.168.220.128
Connecting to 192.168.220.128:22...
Connection established.
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket
This system is not registered to Red Hat Insights. See https://cloud.redhat.com/
To register this system, run: insights-client --register
Last login: Wed Nov 17 20:10:05 2021 from 192.168.220.1