使用 RMAN 同步数据库
一．概述
二 操作步骤
(一)．把生产库置为归档模式
(二).启动rman做数据库0级备份
(三)．修改生产库数据库到未归档
(四)．拷贝备份集到测试库
(五).在测试库上的操作
一．概述
因项目组遇到要2台数据库同步的问题，决定使用rman来实现此功能，生产库运行在非归档模式，所以操作起来相对麻烦些，生产库最多允许丢失半天数据，晚上可以重启数据，这样就为我们使用rman创造了必要条件，先来理清一下操作步骤:
1. 首先shutdown生产库(node1) ,并修改成归档模式。
2. 使用rman做一个0级备份集，并设置控制文件为自动备份。
3. 修改生产库为非归档模式，并置为open状态。
4. 到测试库上面，修改数据库为归档模式，因没有性能要求，不需要再改回非归档，方便恢复操作。
5. 拷贝备份集到测试库(node2)，备份集的存放位置和生产库保持一致。
6. 启动测试库到nomount状态。
7. 启动rman，第一步先恢复controlfile.里面包含了重要的备份信息。
8. 更改数据库到mount状态.
9. 恢复数据库 restore database,注意,此步骤只会使用最近的一次0级备份，而不会应用增量或差异备份。
10. Recover database,此步骤会首先应用所有的差异或增量备份，然后恢复归档日志，当然在恢复归档时会出现错误，在此可以忽略掉。
11. 使用resetlogs关键字打开数据库，数据库同步完成。
以后每天按上面操作写成脚本自动执行即可，需要注意的地方是把0级备份改为1级或2级即可,这样就可以每半月做一次0级备份，每天晚上做一次1级或2级备份，然后恢复到测试库，以此来实现2数据库的同步.
二 操作步骤 (一)．把生产库置为归档模式.
1． [oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
2． Sql>shutdown immediate;
3． Sql>startup mount;
4． Sql>alter database archivelog;
5． Sql>alter database open;
6． Sql>quit
(二).启动rman做数据库0级备份
1. [oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /
2. RMAN>CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
3. RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database format 'full_db_%d_%s_%t_%p';
--第一次同步操作时用该语句。
RMAN>quit;
日常同步备份时使用1级备份
4. [oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /
5. RMAN>CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
6. RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database format 'increment _db_%d_%s_%t_%p';
7. RMAN>quit;
(三)．修改生产库数据库到未归档.
1. [oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
2. Sql>alter database noarchivelog;
3. Sql>alter database open;
4. Sql>quit;
(四)．拷贝备份集到测试库
拷贝备份集文件到测试库，并和生产库相同位置,可以使用sftp或ftp等工具完成。
(五).在测试库上的操作
1. [oracle@primary orcl]$ Sqlplus ‘/as sysdba’
2. Sql>startup nomount;
3. Sql>quit;
4. [oracle@primary orcl]$ rman target /
5. RMAN> restore controlfile from/opt/oracle11g/u01/dbs/c-1190421672-20080819-01';
--该处可修改为实际备份集。
6. RMAN> alter database mount;
7. RMAN> restore database;
8. RMAN> recover database;
9. RMAN>alter database open resetlogs;
注意，所有的增量或差异备份都是用recover database来恢复的，如果丢失增量备份，需用下面方法启动数据库，将可能导致丢失大量数据:
启动sqlplus，使用下面语句清除丢失的增量备份.
Sql>recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: ü 1839635 ( 08/18/2008 23:25:21 ú) 1 ±è
ORA-00289: ¨é: /archive/1_74_662640938.dbf
ORA-00280: ü 1839635 ( 1) ò #74
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
Cancel <需要手工输入后回车>
Media recovery cancelled.
最后执行resetlogs关键字启动数据库。
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
备份及同步脚本:
rman_backup_v1.1.sh
点击(此处)折叠或打开
#!/bin/bash
###################################################################
# Usage:
# backup_rman_v1.1.sh [all|repeat|sync]
# all: list all backup file.
# repeat: repeat level-1 increment backup.
# sync: sync backup file to target database.
###################################################################
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle11g/u01
export ORACLE_SID=primary
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${ORACLE_HOME}/ctx/lib
export PATH=$PATH:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin
export NLS_LANG="American_america.zhs16gbk"
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export backup_dir=/home/oracle/backup/backup
export log=/home/oracle/backup/log
rsync_dir=$backup_dir #sync dir
controlfile_dir=$backup_dir/controlfile
username=oracle #target OS ,oracle user
password=go2north #target oracle user password
target_host=172.16.5.27
today_backup=`date +'%Y-%m-%d'`
mail_to_admin="[email protected]"
########set display color#########
white=$(echo -e "\e[39;40m")
green=$(echo -e "\e[36;40m")
red=$(echo -e "\e[31;40m")
purple=$(echo -e "\e[35;40m")
yellow=$(echo -e "\e[33;40m")
blue=$(echo -e "\e[34;40m")
########color set end ############
# data backup status.
# 0: backup failed.
# 2: default
# 9: success
backup_status=2
#database status check ,If it's not turn on,the value is 0,or else 1
ora_stat=`ps -ef | grep -i 'ora_smon_*' |grep -v grep| wc -l`
#database mode check,If it's archive mode,that value is 1,or else 0;
arch=`ps -ef | grep -i 'ora_arc_*' | grep -v grep | wc -l`
function open_database()
{
if [ "$ora_stat" = 0 ]; then
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba'
shutdown immediate;
startup;
quit;
EOF
backup_status=2
if [ "$?" = 1 ]; then
echo "database unable strtup!"
backup_status=0
exit 1
fi
fi
}
function open_archive_mode()
{
if [ "$arch" = 0 ]; then #if arch=1,nothing,because it was already on archive mode
echo "****************open archive mode*************"
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba'
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;
quit;
EOF
fi
}
function return_initaliztion_mode()
{
if [ "$arch" = 0 -a "$backup_status" > 0 ]; then
#if arch=1,nothing,because initialization mode is archive mode
echo "********* return initialization database mode**********"
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba'
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
alter database noarchivelog;
alter database open;
quit;
EOF
fi
if [ "$?" = 0 ]; then
echo "return initalization database successfully."
fi
echo "************return initialization database mode *********" ;
}
function increment_backup_level_1() # incremental level-1 backup
{
open_database
open_archive_mode
echo "******** `date +'%Y%m%d'` Do level-1 increment backup....*********************" 2>&1;
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / |tee $log/rman_increment_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log
configure maxsetsize to 20g;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '$controlfile_dir/%F';
run {
allocate channel c01 type disk;
backup incremental level 1 database format '$backup_dir/increment_db_%d_%s_%t_%p' tag="increment_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`";
release channel c01;
}
configure controlfile autobackup off;
crosscheck backup of database;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt obsolete ;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt backup completed before 'sysdate-30';
delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-14';
EOF
if [ "$?" = 0 ];then
echo "*******************level-1 backup completed!************************"
backup_status=9
else
echo "*****************level-1 backup databae failed,please contact oracle dba*******"
backup_status=0
fi
return $backup_status
return_initaliztion_mode
}
function level_0_backup_database()
{
open_database
open_archive_mode
echo "************* Do level-0 backup ****************"
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / |tee $log/rman_full_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log
configure retention policy to redundancy 30;
configure maxsetsize to 20g;
configure controlfile autobackup on;
configure controlfile autobackup format for device type disk to '$controlfile_dir/%F';
crosscheck backup of database;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt obsolete ;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt backup completed before 'sysdate-30';
delete noprompt archivelog until time 'sysdate-5';
run {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 database format '$backup_dir/full_db_%d_%s_%t_%p' tag="full_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`";
release channel c1 ;
}
configure controlfile autobackup off;
quit;
EOF
if [ "$?" = 0 ];then
echo "*******************level-0 backup completed!************************"
backup_status=9
else
echo "******************level-0 backup databae failed,please contact oracle dba*******"
backup_status=0
fi
return $backup_status
return_initaliztion_mode
}
function repeat_increment_backup()
{
if [ "$#" = 0 ]; then
exit 0
else
if [ "$1" = "repeat" ]; then
echo "************do database increment backup again**************"
increment_backup_level_1 $ORACLE_HOME $log $backup_dir
echo "************repeat increment backup completed!**************"
else
echo "command error,please use parameter 'repeat'"
exit 0
fi
fi
}
# sync target database backup files #
function sync()
{
ping $target_host -c 1 > /dev/null # test network link #
if [ $? != 0 ] ; then
echo "sync host:$red $target_host $white link failed!,please check network."
exit 1
fi
if [ -f /usr/bin/rsync ]; then
#check resync command #
cat << EOF > sync
#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn /usr/bin/rsync -avzu $rsync_dir/ $username@$target_host:$rsync_dir
expect "password:"
send "$password\n";
send "quit\n";
interact
EOF
echo "********copy backup files to target database********"
if [ -f sync -a -f /usr/bin/expect ]; then
chmod +x sync
./sync
rm -rf ./sync
#list sync files
backup_file=`ls -ltR --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_|c-" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
echo "sync files:"
echo "$blue"
j=0
for i in $backup_file
do
((j++))
a[$j]=$i
if [ $j = 3 ]; then
echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} ${a[$j]}"
j=0
fi
done
echo "$white"
echo " transtion has succeed.please check the backup files on target database."
exit 0
else
echo "command expect not found, please install Tcl/expect"
exit 1
fi
else
echo "command rsync not found,please install!"
exit 1
fi
}
if [ -f $log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log ]; then
rm -rf $log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log
fi
(
level_0_backup_status=`find $backup_dir/ -name 'full_db_*'| grep -i full_db |grep -v grep | wc -l` 2>&1
level_1_backup_status=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ |grep -i 'increment_db_*'| grep -i $today_backup|grep -v grep | wc -l` 2>&1
if [ $level_0_backup_status = 0 -a $backup_status = 2 ]; then
level_0_backup_database
backup_status=$?
fi
if [ $level_1_backup_status = 0 -a $backup_status = 2 ]; then
increment_backup_level_1
backup_status=$?
fi
# ############Today's database backup information##########
# check today's backup status #
check_backup=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_" | awk '{print $6}' | grep -i $today_backup | wc -l`
# check today's controlfile backup information #
control_file=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir/ | grep -i "c-*" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
# check today's increment backup information #
backup_file_info=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
log_file_info=`ls -lt --full-time $log/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_" | grep -i $today_backup | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
if [ "$1" = "all" ] ; then
backup_file_info=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db" | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
control_file=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir/ | grep -i "c-*"| awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,8) " " $9}'`
fi
# print today's backup information including controlfile and log information #
if [ $check_backup -ge 0 ]; then
if [ "$1" = "repeat" ] ; then
repeat_increment_backup $1
else
echo " ############Today's database backup information########## "
if [ "$1" = "all" ]; then
today_backup=`ls -l --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i full_db_* | awk '{print $6}'`
echo "List date $purple ${today_backup[0]} $white level-0 backup database after file information"
else
echo "Date $purple $today_backup $white database backup is completed."
fi
echo "backup file directory: $backup_dir"
echo "backup file information: $green"
echo ""
j=0
for i in $backup_file_info
do
((j++))
a[$j]=$i
if [ $j = 3 ]; then
echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} $backup_dir/${a[$j]}"
j=0
fi
done
echo "$white"
echo "Controlfile information:$yellow"
echo ""
j=0
for p in $control_file;do
((j++))
a[$j]=$p
if [ $j = 3 ] ; then
echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} $controlfile_dir/${a[$j]}"
j=0
fi
done
echo "$white"
echo "log information:$blue"
echo ""
j=0
for p in $log_file_info;do
((j++))
a[$j]=$p
if [ $j = 3 ] ; then
echo "${a[`expr $j - 2`]} ${a[`expr $j - 1`]} $log/${a[$j]}"
j=0
fi
done
echo "$white"
echo "If you want increment backup database again,please use \"repeat\" parameter"
echo " ############Today database backup information the end ########## "
fi
fi
# end print backup information #
# copy backup file #
if [ "$1" = "sync" ] ; then
backup_status=9
fi
if [ "$backup_status" = 9 ]; then
sync
else
echo "Today's Backup file is synced. please check whether it's in the target database."
echo "If you want to sync again,please use \"sync\" parameter."
exit 0
fi
echo "If you want to view all backup information,Please use \"all\" parameter."
) 2> $log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log
#mail -s "`date +'%Y%m%d'`database backup information" $mail_to_admin<$log/autobak_`date +'%Y%m%d'`.log
恢复脚本:
rman_restore_v1.1.sh
#!/bin/sh
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle11g/u01
export ORACLE_SID=primary
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ORACLE_HOME}/lib:${ORACLE_HOME}/ctx/lib
export PATH=$PATH:${ORACLE_HOME}/bin
export NLS_LANG="American_america.zhs16gbk"
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export backup_dir=/home/oracle/backup/backup
export log=/home/oracle/backup/log
rsync_dir=$backup_dir #sync dir
controlfile_dir=$backup_dir/controlfile
username=oracle #target OS ,oracle user
password=go2north #target oracle user password
target_host=172.16.5.27
today_backup=`date +'%Y-%m-%d'`
today=`date +'%Y%m%d'`
white=$(echo -e "\e[39;40m")
green=$(echo -e "\e[36;40m")
red=$(echo -e "\e[31;40m")
blue=$(echo -e "\e[33;40m")
backup_status=2 #data backup status ,0: backup faild,1: 1 level increment backup,2 : 0 level backup
# Begin change restore variable
restore_status=true
last_restore_file=increment_db_ORCL_76_663449691_1
last_restore_date=(2008-08-22 19:36)
last_recover_time="2008-08-28 15:12:08"
last_restore_time=2
last_restore_num=3
# End change restore variable
#sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/t=[0-9]\+/t='$((t+1))'/' $0
#sed -i 's/t=[0-9]\+/t='$((t+1))'/' $0
restore_file=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_db_*' | awk '{print $9}'|head -1`
controlfile=`ls -lt --full-time $controlfile_dir | grep -i 'c-*' | awk '{print $9}'| head -1`
recover_time=`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_db_*' | awk '{print substr($7,1,5)}'| head -1`
recover_date=(`ls -lt --full-time $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_db_*' | awk '{print $6 " " substr($7,1,5)}' | head -1`)
recover_times=`date +'%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'`
function update_backup_info()
{
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=true/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_file=.*/last_restore_file='"${restore_file}"'/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_date=.*/last_restore_date='"(${recover_date[*]})"/ $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_time=.*/last_restore_time='$((last_restore_time+1))'/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_num=.*/last_restore_num='$((last_restore_num+1))'/' $0
}
function restore_database()
{
echo "************* recover database start ****************"
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus '/as sysdba'
shutdown immediate;
startup nomount;
EOF
cat << EOF | $ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / |tee $log/rman_restore_db_`date +'%y%m%d%H%M'`.log
run {
allocate channel c01 type disk;
allocate channel c02 type disk;
allocate channel c03 type disk;
restore controlfile from "$controlfile_dir/$controlfile";
alter database mount;
recover database;
release channel c01;
release channel c02;
release channel c03;
}
alter database open resetlogs;
EOF
if [ "$?" = 0 ];then
echo "*******************restore be completed!************************"
backup_status=9
update_backup_info
exit 0
else
echo "******************restore database failed,please contact oracle dba*******"
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=false/' $0
fi
return "$backup_status"
}
#delete backup file on the weekend again
#file_info=`ls -l $backup_dir/ | grep -i 'increment_backup_*.gz'|wc -l`
#if [ $file_count -gt 7 ]
#then
# del_files=`ls -lR $backup_dir| egrep -i "increment_db_|full_db_"|grep \`date -d "7 days ago" +'%Y-%m-%d'\`|awk "{print $9}"`
# rm -f $del_files;
# if [ $? = 0 ]
# then
# echo "removing $del_files"
# fi
#else
# echo "No last file"
#
#fi
###########################################
if [ "$last_restore_file" != "$restore_file" -o "${last_restore_date[1]}" != "$recover_time" ]; then
restore_database
fi
if [ "$1" = "repeat" ] ; then
restore_database
fi
if [ "$restore_status" = "true" -o "${last_restore_date[0]}" = ${recover_date[0]} ]; then
echo "Today's sync already completed!"
echo "Last restore file: $backup_dir/$last_restore_file"
echo "Last restore time: $last_restore_time"
echo "The number of times the database be restored today: $last_restore_num"
echo "The total number of times the database have ever been restore: $last_recover_time"
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0
else
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_restore_time=.*/last_restore_time=0/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/restore_status=.*/restore_status=false/' $0
sed -i '/^# Begin change restore variable/,/^# End change restore variable/s/last_recover_time=.*/last_recover_time='"\"${recover_times}\""'/' $0
fi