1. 配置宿主主机的环境
现在宿主主机上安装httpd，并且，搭建好网络仓库（redhat7.6）
[root@westos ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo //搭建网络仓库
[root@westos ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo
[rhel7.6]
name=rhel7.6
baseurl=http://172.25.23.250/westos
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@westos ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/westos //准备好镜像的挂载点
[root@westos ~]# mount /iso/rhel-server-7.6-x86_64-dvd.iso /var/www/html/westos //挂载镜像
mount: /var/www/html/westos: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@westos ~]# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 3904620 0 3904620 0% /dev
tmpfs 3933812 19224 3914588 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3933812 18492 3915320 1% /run
tmpfs 3933812 0 3933812 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda6 199582500 150773400 48809100 76% /
/dev/nvme0n1p5 1038336 230232 808104 23% /boot
/dev/nvme0n1p1 262144 35952 226192 14% /boot/efi
tmpfs 786760 1168 785592 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 786760 28 786732 1% /run/user/1000
/dev/loop0 8238560 8238560 0 100% /var/www/html/westosdir
/dev/loop1 4391278 4391278 0 100% /var/www/html/westos //挂载成功
[root@westos ~]#
之后的虚拟机都使用的是私有网段172.25.23.0
这个私有网段需要在宿主主机上配置
[root@westos ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 //网桥的配置文件
[root@westos ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0
DEVICE=br0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR0=172.25.254.23
NETMASK0=255.255.255.0
IPADDR1=172.25.23.250 //宿主主机上的私有网段
NETMASK1=255.255.255.0
TYPE=Bridge
[root@westos ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp8s0
# Generated by dracut initrd
DEVICE=enp8s0
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
BOOTPROTO=none
[root@westos ~]# nmcli connection reload //重启服务
[root@westos ~]# nmcli connection down Bridge\ br0 //Bridge br0 是系统设定的网桥名字
Connection 'Bridge br0' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2)
[root@westos ~]# nmcli connection up Bridge\ br0
Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/8)
[root@westos ~]# ip addr show br0 //查看网桥上的IP
9: br0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether e8:6a:64:71:b6:a2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.25.254.23/24 brd 172.25.254.255 scope global noprefixroute br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 172.25.23.250/24 brd 172.25.23.255 scope global noprefixroute br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@westos ~]# cat /etc/hosts //本地解析
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.25.23.1 server1 //未来会使用的虚拟机的IP
[root@westos ~]# ping -w 3 server1
PING server1 (172.25.23.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from server1 (172.25.23.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms
64 bytes from server1 (172.25.23.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.182 ms
64 bytes from server1 (172.25.23.1): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.166 ms
--- server1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 76ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.165/0.171/0.182/0.007 ms
2. 虚拟机的封装
- 第一步：打开虚拟机管理器
virt-manager，采用本地的方式安装虚拟机rhel7.6（要修改虚拟机的网络模式） - 第二步：安装好，并且
reboot之后，需要开启selinux - 第三步：修改主机名称，修改网卡配置文件，修改本地解析文件
注意以下几点：
企业7的版本可以不使用nmcli；
如果不使用wifi的话，可以选择关闭NetworkManager
[root@server1 ~]# hostname
server1
[root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=172.25.23.1
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=172.25.23.250
DNS1=114.114.114.114
[root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.25.23.250 westos.westos.org
172.25.23.1 server1 //之后的虚拟机
172.25.23.2 server2
172.25.23.3 server3
172.25.23.4 server4
172.25.23.5 server5
172.25.23.6 server6
172.25.23.7 server7
172.25.23.8 server8
172.25.23.9 server9
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl disable --now NetworkManager
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl restart network //重启服务
[root@server1 ~]# ping -w 3 172.25.23.250 //虚拟机server1可以成功ping到宿主主机，连接成功
PING 172.25.23.250 (172.25.23.250) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.25.23.250: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.079 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.23.250: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.137 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.23.250: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.199 ms
64 bytes from 172.25.23.250: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.142 ms
--- 172.25.23.250 ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.079/0.139/0.199/0.043 ms
- 第四步：搭建网络仓库，编写yum源
[root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/westos.repo
[rhel7.6]
name=rhel7.6
baseurl=http://172.25.23.250/westos
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@server1 ~]# yum repolist
- 第五步：安装必须的软件
[root@server1 ~]# yum install -y vim bash-* lftp
- 第六步：编写selinux的配置文件，关闭selinux
[root@server1 ~]# cat /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
- 第七步：封装完毕
3. 生成母盘，创建子盘
在/var/lib/libvirt/images目录里查看虚拟机rhel7.6的文件过大，大概21G，需要进行压缩生成母镜像
- 第一步：安装关闭bug的指令
[root@westos images]# yum install -y libguestfs-tools //安装virt-sysprep
[root@westos images]# virt-sysprep -d rhel7.6 //关闭bug
- 第二步：压缩镜像并生成子镜像，同时可以在
virt-manager删除之前的21G的虚拟机
[root@westos images]# virt-sparsify --compress rhel7.6.qcow2 rhel7.6-base.qcow2 //压缩镜像
[root@westos images]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b rhel7.6-base.qcow2 server1 //快照，子镜像
Formatting 'server1', fmt=qcow2 size=21474836480 backing_file=rhel7.6-base.qcow2 cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16
[root@westos images]# du -h rhel7.6.qcow2 //原先虚拟机的大小
21G rhel7.6.qcow2
[root@westos images]# du -h rhel7.6-base.qcow2 //母镜像的大小
575M rhel7.6-base.qcow2
4. 安装快照虚拟机
记得在安装前要选择网络模式为网桥模式