1. 对象、json相互转化
1.1 json的api有下面4个:
json.loads() 将json转换为dict
json.dumps() 将dict转换为json
json.load() 将json文件转换为dict
json.dump() 将dict转换为json文件 person.json
注意:dict也可以是类对象
1.2 dict转换为json
import json
person = {
'name': 'jack',
'age': 15,
'email': '[email protected]'
}
print('dict:', person)
person_json = json.dumps(person) # 转换为json
print('json:', person_json)
# 输出
# dict: {'name': 'jack', 'age': 15, 'email': '[email protected]'}
# json: {"name": "jack", "age": 15, "email": "[email protected]"}
1.3 json转换为dict
import json
person_dict = json.loads('{"name": "jack", "age": 15, "email": "[email protected]"}')
print('person dict:', person_dict)
# 输出
# person dict: {'name': 'jack', 'age': 15, 'email': '[email protected]'}
1.4 类对象转换为json
import json
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age, email):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.email = email
person = Person('tom', 38, '[email protected]')
person_json = json.dumps(person.__dict__)
print('person json:', person_json)
# 输出
# person json: {"name": "tom", "age": 38, "email": "[email protected]"}
json.dumps() 不能直接传递一个对象实例否则回报 TypeError: Object of type Person is not JSON serializable 错误 为了避免这个错误,我们需要修改:
import json
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age, email):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.email = email
# 将person转换为dict
def convert2json(person):
return {
'name': person.name,
'age': person.age,
'email': person.email
}
person = Person('tom', 38, '[email protected]')
# 第二个参数传递转换函数,或者使用default=lambda o: o.__dict__
person_json = json.dumps(person, default=convert2json)
print('person json:', person_json)
1.5 json转换为类对象
import json
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age, email):
self.name = name
self.age = age
self.email = email
def convert2json(dict_json):
return Person(dict_json['name'], dict_json['age'], dict_json['email'])
person = json.loads('{"name": "tom", "age": 38, "email": "[email protected]"}', object_hook=convert2json)
print('person:', person)
# 输出
# person: <__main__.Person object at 0x10a7230b8>
1.6 dict/对象转换为json文件
import
person = {
"name": "tom", "age": 38, "email": "[email protected]"}
with open('person.json', 'w') as f:
json.dump(person, f)
# 当前目录下会多一个person.json文件,内容是:
{
"name": "tom", "age": 38, "email": "[email protected]"}
1.7 将json文件转换为dict/对象
import json
with open('person.json', 'r') as f:
print(json.load(f))
# 输出
{
'name': 'tom', 'age': 38, 'email': '[email protected]'}
2. python对象到json字符串的转换规则:
Python | JSON |
---|---|
dict | object |
list, tuple | array |
str, unicode | string |
int, long, float | number |
True | true |
False | false |
None | null |
3. json字符串到python对象的转换规则:
JSON | Python |
---|---|
object | dict |
array | list |
string | unicode |
number (int) | int, long |
number (real) | float |
false | False |
null | None |