一、问题来源
- 环境：win10
- Anaconda 2020.07.20
- 虚拟环境 tf2nlp + python3.7
问题来源：由于用了公司的笔记本，所以需要给那个笔记本装环境，装了Anaconda，创建了虚拟环境tf2nlp，进入虚拟环境，安装：pip install tensorflow==2.0，启动python，导入tensorflow时，出现了以下报错。然后我根据报错提示，去微软官网下载VC_redist.x64.exe 进行安装，然而报错还是一样。网上的相关文章都是说要降低tf的版本，然而降级并不是我的想法，我想要用的是tensorflow2.x，我是一个不将就的人，而且tf1.x已经过时，不再拥有维护，所以我更加坚定的去使用tf2，所以一直在坚持寻找解决方法，终于…(含泪高兴)
【注：在我自己的个人电脑上是一切正常的！】
报错如下：
ImportError: DLL load failed: 动态链接库(DLL)初始化例程失败。
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\__init__.py", line 98, in <module>
from tensorflow_core import *
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\__init__.py", line 42, in <module>
from . _api.v2 import audio
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\_api\v2\audio\__init__.py", line 10, in <module>
from tensorflow.python.ops.gen_audio_ops import decode_wav
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\ops\gen_audio_ops.py", line 9, in <module>
from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow as _pywrap_tensorflow
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\__init__.py", line 50, in __getattr__
module = self._load()
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\tensorflow\__init__.py", line 44, in _load
module = _importlib.import_module(self.__name__)
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 127, in import_module
return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\__init__.py", line 49, in <module>
from tensorflow.python import pywrap_tensorflow
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 74, in <module>
raise ImportError(msg)
ImportError: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\pywrap_tensorflow.py", line 58, in <module>
from tensorflow.python.pywrap_tensorflow_internal import *
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 28, in <module>
_pywrap_tensorflow_internal = swig_import_helper()
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\tensorflow_core\python\pywrap_tensorflow_internal.py", line 24, in swig_import_helper
_mod = imp.load_module('_pywrap_tensorflow_internal', fp, pathname, description)
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\imp.py", line 243, in load_module
return load_dynamic(name, filename, file)
File "C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\imp.py", line 343, in load_dynamic
return _load(spec)
ImportError: DLL load failed: 动态链接库(DLL)初始化例程失败。
Failed to load the native TensorFlow runtime.
See https://www.tensorflow.org/install/errors
for some common reasons and solutions. Include the entire stack trace
above this error message when asking for help.
二、问题解决过程：
-
之后，我立即猜测是某些dll文件丢失，所以我使用dll修复软件去修复，可是，并没有什么卵用！第一次尝试宣告失败。
-
之后我检查了环境变量、CUDA、CUDNN，以及版本对应关系，之后又把虚拟环境和tensorflow重新安装了一遍！显然，并没有什么卵用！第二次宣告失败。
-
换用conda 安装，也是一样的报错。
-
第三次，开始百度！网上很多种说法，有说要降低tensorflow版本的、有叫安装vc64位运行库的、有说是AVX指令导致的、有说是因为64位32位导致的、有说是python版本导致的！其实，这些都不是问题的关键！关键看第四点！
-
之后，偶然一次导入的时候报了以下错误，然后我就去比较h5py这个库的版本升级前与版本升级后的情况，去比较升级之前和升级之后有什么异同，发现如下：
>>> import tensorflow as tf
C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\h5py\__init__.py:40: UserWarning: h5py is running against HDF5 1.10.5 when it was built against 1.10.4, this may cause problems
'{0}.{1}.{2}'.format(*version.hdf5_built_version_tuple)
Warning! ***HDF5 library version mismatched error***
The HDF5 header files used to compile this application do not match
the version used by the HDF5 library to which this application is linked.
Data corruption or segmentation faults may occur if the application continues.
This can happen when an application was compiled by one version of HDF5 but
linked with a different version of static or shared HDF5 library.
You should recompile the application or check your shared library related
settings such as 'LD_LIBRARY_PATH'.
You can, at your own risk, disable this warning by setting the environment
variable 'HDF5_DISABLE_VERSION_CHECK' to a value of '1'.
Setting it to 2 or higher will suppress the warning messages totally.
Headers are 1.10.4, library is 1.10.5
SUMMARY OF THE HDF5 CONFIGURATION
=================================
General Information:
-------------------
HDF5 Version: 1.10.5
Configured on: 2019-03-04
Configured by: Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64
Host system: Windows-10.0.17763
Uname information: Windows
Byte sex: little-endian
Installation point: C:/Program Files/HDF5
Compiling Options:
------------------
Build Mode:
Debugging Symbols:
Asserts:
Profiling:
Optimization Level:
Linking Options:
----------------
Libraries:
Statically Linked Executables: OFF
LDFLAGS: /machine:x64
H5_LDFLAGS:
AM_LDFLAGS:
Extra libraries:
Archiver:
Ranlib:
Languages:
----------
C: yes
C Compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.16.27023/bin/Hostx86/x64/cl.exe 19.16.27027.1
CPPFLAGS:
H5_CPPFLAGS:
AM_CPPFLAGS:
CFLAGS: /DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /W3
H5_CFLAGS:
AM_CFLAGS:
Shared C Library: YES
Static C Library: YES
Fortran: OFF
Fortran Compiler:
Fortran Flags:
H5 Fortran Flags:
AM Fortran Flags:
Shared Fortran Library: YES
Static Fortran Library: YES
C++: ON
C++ Compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.16.27023/bin/Hostx86/x64/cl.exe 19.16.27027.1
C++ Flags: /DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /W3 /GR /EHsc
H5 C++ Flags:
AM C++ Flags:
Shared C++ Library: YES
Static C++ Library: YES
JAVA: OFF
JAVA Compiler:
Features:
---------
Parallel HDF5: OFF
Parallel Filtered Dataset Writes:
Large Parallel I/O:
High-level library: ON
Threadsafety: OFF
Default API mapping: v110
With deprecated public symbols: ON
I/O filters (external): DEFLATE DECODE ENCODE
MPE:
Direct VFD:
dmalloc:
Packages w/ extra debug output:
API Tracing: OFF
Using memory checker: OFF
Memory allocation sanity checks: OFF
Function Stack Tracing: OFF
Strict File Format Checks: OFF
Optimization Instrumentation:
Bye...
>>> import h5py
C:\Anaconda3\envs\tf2nlp\lib\site-packages\h5py\__init__.py:40: UserWarning: h5py is running against HDF5 1.10.5 when it was built against 1.10.4, this may cause problems
'{0}.{1}.{2}'.format(*version.hdf5_built_version_tuple)
Warning! ***HDF5 library version mismatched error***
The HDF5 header files used to compile this application do not match
the version used by the HDF5 library to which this application is linked.
Data corruption or segmentation faults may occur if the application continues.
This can happen when an application was compiled by one version of HDF5 but
linked with a different version of static or shared HDF5 library.
You should recompile the application or check your shared library related
settings such as 'LD_LIBRARY_PATH'.
You can, at your own risk, disable this warning by setting the environment
variable 'HDF5_DISABLE_VERSION_CHECK' to a value of '1'.
Setting it to 2 or higher will suppress the warning messages totally.
Headers are 1.10.4, library is 1.10.5
SUMMARY OF THE HDF5 CONFIGURATION
=================================
General Information:
-------------------
HDF5 Version: 1.10.5
Configured on: 2019-03-04
Configured by: Visual Studio 15 2017 Win64
Host system: Windows-10.0.17763
Uname information: Windows
Byte sex: little-endian
Installation point: C:/Program Files/HDF5
Compiling Options:
------------------
Build Mode:
Debugging Symbols:
Asserts:
Profiling:
Optimization Level:
Linking Options:
----------------
Libraries:
Statically Linked Executables: OFF
LDFLAGS: /machine:x64
H5_LDFLAGS:
AM_LDFLAGS:
Extra libraries:
Archiver:
Ranlib:
Languages:
----------
C: yes
C Compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.16.27023/bin/Hostx86/x64/cl.exe 19.16.27027.1
CPPFLAGS:
H5_CPPFLAGS:
AM_CPPFLAGS:
CFLAGS: /DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /W3
H5_CFLAGS:
AM_CFLAGS:
Shared C Library: YES
Static C Library: YES
Fortran: OFF
Fortran Compiler:
Fortran Flags:
H5 Fortran Flags:
AM Fortran Flags:
Shared Fortran Library: YES
Static Fortran Library: YES
C++: ON
C++ Compiler: C:/Program Files (x86)/Microsoft Visual Studio/2017/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.16.27023/bin/Hostx86/x64/cl.exe 19.16.27027.1
C++ Flags: /DWIN32 /D_WINDOWS /W3 /GR /EHsc
H5 C++ Flags:
AM C++ Flags:
Shared C++ Library: YES
Static C++ Library: YES
JAVA: OFF
JAVA Compiler:
Features:
---------
Parallel HDF5: OFF
Parallel Filtered Dataset Writes:
Large Parallel I/O:
High-level library: ON
Threadsafety: OFF
Default API mapping: v110
With deprecated public symbols: ON
I/O filters (external): DEFLATE DECODE ENCODE
MPE:
Direct VFD:
dmalloc:
Packages w/ extra debug output:
API Tracing: OFF
Using memory checker: OFF
Memory allocation sanity checks: OFF
Function Stack Tracing: OFF
Strict File Format Checks: OFF
Optimization Instrumentation:
Bye...
发现升级之后，可正常导入tensorflow:
注意，我用pip升级的h5py，当然conda也是可以的吧。
pip install -U h5py
>>> import tensorflow
>>>
希望对在阅读的你有所帮助。欢迎一键三连，我会坚持在博客分享我的一些犯错笔记
