一、centos7配置yum源
yum源分为本地yum源和网络yum源
1、配置本地yum源
步骤一：在centos虚拟机中挂载光盘
1.创建挂载点目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@localhost ~]# df /mnt/cdrom
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 39517336 7718416 31798920 20% /
2.挂载光盘
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
3.查看挂载记录
[root@localhost ~]# df -hT /mnt/cdrom
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt/cdrom
步骤二：更改配置文件
1.进入/etc/yum.repos.d/中查看文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
总用量 28
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 8月 30 2017 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 8月 30 2017 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 8月 30 2017 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 8月 30 2017 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 8月 30 2017 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 8月 30 2017 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3830 8月 30 2017 CentOS-Vault.repo
2.将CentOS-Base.repo和CentOS-Debuginfo.repo改名或者移动，绕过网络安装，以便使用本地安装
#本次使用改名 方便作为备份文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
3.编辑文件CentOS-Media.repo（使用vim编辑器）
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS-Media.repo
# CentOS-Media.repo
#
# This repo can be used with mounted DVD media, verify the mount point for
# CentOS-7. You can use this repo and yum to install items directly off the
# DVD ISO that we release.
#
# To use this repo, put in your DVD and use it with the other repos too:
# yum --enablerepo=c7-media [command]
#
# or for ONLY the media repo, do this:
#
# yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c7-media [command]
[c7-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
gpgcheck=0 #用来检查GPG-KEY，0为不检查，1为检查
enabled=1 #是否用该yum源，0为禁用，1为使用
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
~
~
~
"CentOS-Media.repo" 20L, 563C 17,1 全部
4.清除yum缓存，测试yum源配置
清除yum缓存
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在清理软件源： c7-media
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
测试
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
c7-media | 3.6 kB 00:00
(1/2): c7-media/group_gz | 156 kB 00:00
(2/2): c7-media/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00
Determining fastest mirrors
已安装的软件包
GConf2.x86_64 3.2.6-8.el7 @anaconda
GeoIP.x86_64 1.5.0-11.el7 @anaconda
ModemManager.x86_64 1.6.0-2.el7 @anaconda
ModemManager-glib.x86_64 1.6.0-2.el7 @anaconda
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.8.0-9.el7 @anaconda
NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64 1:1.8.0-9.el7 @anaconda
NetworkManager-glib.x86_64 1:1.8.0-9.el7 @anaconda
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.8.0-9.el7 @anaconda
NetworkManager-libreswan.x86_64 1.2.4-2.el7 @anaconda
NetworkManager-libreswan-gnome.x86_64 1.2.4-2.el7 @anaconda
NetworkManager-ppp.x86_64 1:1.8.0-9.el7 @anaconda
出现已安装的软件包时，便成功配置了
2、配置网络yum源
步骤一：备份
1)进入/etc/yum.repos.d 查看目录下文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
总用量 28
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1664 8月 30 2017 CentOS-Base.repo.bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 8月 30 2017 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 8月 30 2017 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo.bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 8月 30 2017 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 563 3月 18 19:37 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 8月 30 2017 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3830 8月 30 2017 CentOS-Vault.repo
2)将所有文件备份到新建目录repo_bak下
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir repo_bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo repo_bak/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo.bak repo_bak/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
总用量 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 195 3月 18 23:13 repo_bak
步骤二：下载阿里的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/
1）下载文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 2523 100 2523 0 0 15876 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 15968
#查看文件是否下载完成
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
总用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 3月 18 23:16 CentOS-Base.repo
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 195 3月 18 23:13 repo_bak
2）运行yum clean all 清除缓存，运行 yum makecache 生成新的缓存
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all #清空缓存
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在清理软件源： base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache #生成新的缓存
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
^Chttp://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#56 - "Callback aborted"
正在尝试其它镜像。
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; 未知的名称或服务"
正在尝试其它镜像。
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/10): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00
(2/10): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:03
(3/10): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 226 kB 00:00:00
(4/10): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 134 kB 00:00:00
(5/10): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 225 kB 00:00:00
(6/10): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 00:00:05
(7/10): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:01
(8/10): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 3.9 MB 00:00:02
(9/10): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 516 kB 00:00:00
(10/10): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.5 MB 00:00:03
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
元数据缓存已建立
元数据缓已建立说明生成成功
步骤三：安装EPEL源
1）
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum list | grep epel-release
epel-release.noarch 7-11 extras
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 epel-release.noarch.0.7-11 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=======================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=======================================================================================
正在安装:
epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k
事务概要
=======================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量：15 k
安装大小：24 k
Downloading packages:
epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
验证中 : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
已安装:
epel-release.noarch 0:7-11
完毕！
2)再次检查文件，是否生成epel.repo和epel-testing.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
总用量 12
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 3月 18 23:16 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 951 10月 2 2017 epel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1050 10月 2 2017 epel-testing.repo
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 195 3月 18 23:13 repo_bak
3)再次运行yum clean all 清除缓存，运行 yum makecache 生成新的缓存
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在清理软件源： base epel extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel/x86_64/metalink | 6.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/16): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:00
(2/16): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.2 MB 00:00:01
(3/16): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.6 MB 00:00:00
(4/16): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00
(5/16): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 96 kB 00:00:01
(6/16): epel/x86_64/other_db | 3.3 MB 00:00:01
(7/16): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:01
(8/16): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 226 kB 00:00:00
(9/16): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 134 kB 00:00:00
(10/16): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 225 kB 00:00:00
(11/16): epel/x86_64/prestodelta | 1.2 kB 00:00:02
(12/16): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:05
(13/16): epel/x86_64/filelists_db | 12 MB 00:00:04
(14/16): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 3.9 MB 00:00:02
(15/16): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 516 kB 00:00:00
(16/16): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.5 MB 00:00:03
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
元数据缓存已建立
4）检查仓库是否启用
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
源标识 源名称 状态
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,072
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,558
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 453
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 1,898
repolist: 25,981
5)查看所有的仓库
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
源标识 源名称 状态
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 启用: 10,072
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com 禁用
contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com 禁用
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_ 启用: 13,558
epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_ 禁用
epel-source/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_ 禁用
epel-testing/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Test 禁用
epel-testing-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Test 禁用
epel-testing-source/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Test 禁用
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 启用: 453
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 启用: 1,898
repolist: 25,981
步骤四：测试安装
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y httpd
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-97.el7.centos 将被 安装
--> 正在处理依赖关系 httpd-tools = 2.4.6-97.el7.centos，它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 /etc/mime.types，它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit)，它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在处理依赖关系 libapr-1.so.0()(64bit)，它被软件包 httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 需要
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 apr.x86_64.0.1.4.8-7.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 apr-util.x86_64.0.1.5.2-6.el7 将被 安装
---> 软件包 httpd-tools.x86_64.0.2.4.6-97.el7.centos 将被 安装
---> 软件包 mailcap.noarch.0.2.1.41-2.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=======================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=======================================================================================
正在安装:
httpd x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos updates 2.7 M
为依赖而安装:
apr x86_64 1.4.8-7.el7 base 104 k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-97.el7.centos updates 93 k
mailcap noarch 2.1.41-2.el7 base 31 k
事务概要
=======================================================================================
安装 1 软件包 (+4 依赖软件包)
总下载量：3.0 M
安装大小：10 M
Downloading packages:
(1/5): apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64.rpm | 104 kB 00:00:06
(2/5): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:06
(3/5): mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 31 kB 00:00:00
(4/5): httpd-tools-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 93 kB 00:00:07
(5/5): httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:07
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 390 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:07
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 1/5
正在安装 : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/5
正在安装 : httpd-tools-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 3/5
正在安装 : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 4/5
正在安装 : httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 5/5
验证中 : httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 1/5
验证中 : apr-1.4.8-7.el7.x86_64 2/5
验证中 : mailcap-2.1.41-2.el7.noarch 3/5
验证中 : httpd-tools-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 4/5
验证中 : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 5/5
已安装:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-97.el7.centos
作为依赖被安装:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-7.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-97.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
完毕！
2)卸载
事务概要
=======================================================================================
移除 1 软件包
安装大小：9.4 M
是否继续？[y/N]：y
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在删除 : httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : httpd-2.4.6-97.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1
删除:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-97.el7.centos
完毕！