squid配置反向代理

[size=large]通过采用Squid的反向代理功能提高客户端对网站的浏览速度；
测试环境：
           普通PC机+RedHat linux As4+Squid 2.6
技术概述：
以下分别采用了3种不同的模式在测试平台下对网站进行加速，原理：用户请求-〉DNS解析到Squid-Cache-〉Squid-Cache通过本地hosts进行解析-〉Web服务器（如果没有缓存）-〉Squid-Cache服务器-〉用户。 详细配置文档如下：

一、    Squid网路拓扑

二、    配置步骤
说明：粉红色标注是运行命令，红色标注关键的参数，蓝色标注是配置文件的代码；
Setp 1 – Download file and compiling Squid
1.    首先卸载自带的squid程序，使用命令如下   
       #rpm –q squid           #检测是否已安装了squid
# rpm –e squid全文件名  #卸载系统自带已安装上的squid
  2.下载最新稳定版squid以及编译安装
     Address: http://www.squid-cache.org/
          # tar zxvf squid-2.6.STABLE16.tar.gz
          # cd squid-2.6.STABLE16
# vi config.sh  #新建此配置文件
代码如下：
引用

#!/bin/bash
SQUID_ROOT="/Data/apps/squid"
./configure --prefix=$SQUID_ROOT \
--enable-useragent-log \
--enable-referer-log \
--enable-default-err-language=Simplify_Chinese \
--enable-err-languages="Simplify_Chinese English" \
--disable-internal-dns   #停止本地的dns解析       
         # sh config.sh
         # make
         # make install

Setp 2 – Basic Configuration
引用

         # cd /Data/apps/squid/
         # mkdir cache
         # chown squid.squid *
         # chmod 777 -R var  #目的是为了增加日志文件的写入权限

Setp 3 –Particular Configuration
引用


# cd /Data/apps/squid/etc
# mv squid.conf squid.conf.bak #备份原文件
# vi squid.conf #新建文件

A. 模式1：Squid对应多台web服务器
A1。在vi /etc/hosts中：加入内部的DNS解析，比如：
引用

192.168.0.1     www.pig2pig.com
192.168.0.2     bbs.pig2pig.com


A2。#vi /Data/apps/squid/etc/squid.conf
代码如下：
引用

# visible name
visible_hostname cache.pig2pig.com
# cache config: space use 1G and memory use 256M
   cache_dir ufs /Data/apps/squid/cache 1024 16 256
   cache_mem 256 MB
   cache_effective_user squid  #设置运行时的用户和组权限
cache_effective_group squid
         # 反向加速配置
http_port 80   # squid监听的端口,客户访问网站的端口
httpd_accel_host virtual  # WEB服务器的IP地址,此模式下设置为:virtual
httpd_accel_single_host off  # 设置on时缓冲请求到单台Server，off对应virtual
httpd_accel_port 80    # WEB服务器的端口(对于多台web服务器,端口必须一致)
httpd_accel_uses_host_header on  # 完成多个WEB服务器的反向代理功能
httpd_accel_with_proxy off    # 停用代理本地上网
# accelerater my domain only
acl acceleratedHostA dstdomain  www.pig2pig.com
acl acceleratedHostB dstdomain  bbs.pig2pig.com
# accelerater http protocol on port 80
acl acceleratedProtocol protocol HTTP
acl acceleratedPort port 80
# access arc
acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
# Allow requests when they are to the accelerated machine
AND to the right port with right protocol
http_access allow acceleratedProtocol acceleratedPort
acceleratedHostA
http_access allow acceleratedProtocol acceleratedPort
acceleratedHostB
http_access allow all
# logging
emulate_httpd_log on
cache_store_log none
# manager
acl manager proto cache_object
http_access allow manager all
cachemgr_passwd pass all
cache_mgr [email protected]
#swap 性能微调
half_closed_clients off
cache_swap_high 100%
cache_swap_low 95%
maximum_object_size 1024 KB
# 控制对象的超时时间 (S_Data-Data)refresh_pattern -i .html 60 90% 10080 reload-into-ims
#refresh_pattern -i \.html$ 60 90% 10080 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .png 60 90% 10080 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .jpg 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .gif 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .js 1440 90% 10080 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .swf 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .bmp 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
# refresh_pattern -i .shtml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
# refresh_pattern -i .hml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
# 禁止缓存
hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ?
hierarchy_stoplist -i ^https:\\ ?
acl QUERY urlpath_regex -i cgi-bin \? \.php \.xml
acl denyssl urlpath_regex -i ^https:\\
no_cache deny QUERY
no_cache deny denyssl
#logfile_rotate 可以用logfile_rotate 0来取消自动操作
logfile_rotate 4



B．模式２：Squid 与 web是单独两台服务器
# vi /Data/apps/squid/etc/squid.conf  代码如下：
引用

# visible name
visible_hostname cache.pig2pig.com
# cache config: space use 1G and memory use 256M
   cache_dir ufs /Data/apps/squid/cache 1024 16 256
   cache_mem 256 MB
   cache_effective_user squid  #设置运行时的用户和组权限
cache_effective_group squid
         # 反向加速配置
http_port 80   # squid监听的端口,客户访问网站的端口
httpd_accel_host ip_address  # WEB服务器的IP地址
httpd_accel_single_host on # 设置转发为缓冲的请求到一台单独的机器
httpd_accel_port 80    # WEB服务器的端口
httpd_accel_uses_host_header off  # 完成单台WEB服务器的反向代理功能
httpd_accel_with_proxy off    # 停用代理本地上网
# accelerater my domain only
acl acceleratedHostA dst ip_address # WEB服务器的IP地址
# accelerater http protocol on port 80
acl acceleratedProtocol protocol HTTP
acl acceleratedPort port 80
# access arc
acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
# Allow requests when they are to the accelerated machine
AND to the right port with right protocol
http_access allow acceleratedProtocol acceleratedPort
acceleratedHostA
http_access allow all
# logging
emulate_httpd_log on
cache_store_log none
# manager
acl manager proto cache_object
http_access allow manager all
cachemgr_passwd pass all
cache_mgr [email protected]
#swap 性能微调
half_closed_clients off
cache_swap_high 100%
cache_swap_low 95%
maximum_object_size 1024 KB
# 控制对象的超时时间 (S_Data-Data)refresh_pattern -i .html 60 90% 10080 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .png 60 90% 10080 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .jpg 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .gif 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .js 1440 90% 10080 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .swf 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .bmp 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
# refresh_pattern -i .shtml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
# refresh_pattern -i .hml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
# 禁止缓存
hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ?
hierarchy_stoplist -i ^https:\\ ?
acl QUERY urlpath_regex -i cgi-bin \? \.php \.xml
acl denyssl urlpath_regex -i ^https:\\
no_cache deny QUERY
no_cache deny denyssl
#logfile_rotate 可以用logfile_rotate 0来取消自动操作
logfile_rotate 4


C．模式３：Squid 与 Web是同一台服务器
# vi /Data/apps/squid/etc/squid.conf  代码如下：
引用

# visible name
visible_hostname cache.pig2pig.com
# cache config: space use 1G and memory use 256M
   cache_dir ufs /Data/apps/squid/cache 1024 16 256
   cache_mem 256 MB
   cache_effective_user squid  #设置运行时的用户和组权限
cache_effective_group squid
         # 反向加速配置
http_port 80   # squid监听的端口,客户访问网站的端口
httpd_accel_host ip_address  # WEB服务器的IP地址
httpd_accel_single_host on # 设置转发为缓冲的请求到一台单独的机器
httpd_accel_port 81    # WEB服务器的端口
httpd_accel_uses_host_header off  # 完成单台WEB服务器的反向代理功能
httpd_accel_with_proxy off    # 停用代理本地上网
# accelerater my domain only
acl acceleratedHostA dst ip_address # WEB服务器的IP地址
# accelerater http protocol on port 80
acl acceleratedProtocol protocol HTTP
acl acceleratedPort port 80
# access arc
acl all src 0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0
# Allow requests when they are to the accelerated machine
AND to the right port with right protocol
http_access allow acceleratedProtocol acceleratedPort
acceleratedHostA
http_access allow all
# logging
emulate_httpd_log on
cache_store_log none
# manager
acl manager proto cache_object
http_access allow manager all
cachemgr_passwd pass all
cache_mgr [email protected]
#swap 性能微调
half_closed_clients off
cache_swap_high 100%
cache_swap_low 95%
maximum_object_size 1024 KB
# 控制对象的超时时间 (S_Data-Data)refresh_pattern -i .html 60 90% 10080 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .png 60 90% 10080 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .jpg 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .gif 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .js 1440 90% 10080 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .swf 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
refresh_pattern -i .bmp 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
# refresh_pattern -i .shtml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
# refresh_pattern -i .hml 1440 90% 129600 reload-into-ims
# 禁止缓存
hierarchy_stoplist cgi-bin ?
hierarchy_stoplist -i ^https:\\ ?
acl QUERY urlpath_regex -i cgi-bin \? \.php \.xml
acl denyssl urlpath_regex -i ^https:\\
no_cache deny QUERY
no_cache deny denyssl
# logfile_rotate 可以用logfile_rotate 0来取消自动操作
logfile_rotate 4


Setp ３ –Starting Squid
１、    创建缓存目录
# cd /Data/apps/squid/sbin
#./squid –z   # 出现Creating Swap Directories提示，表示建立成功
２、    运行Squid
# cd /Data/apps/squid/sbin
#./squid –NCd1 # 成功后将出现"Ready to serve requests".否则请检查配置文件
说明，用squid -NCd1来以debug模式启动，这样如果有错误会报出来，一般如果是ADSL拨号的，那么在没有拨号之前就启动squid的话是会出错的(FATAL: ipcache_init: DNS name lookup tests failed)，因为squid启动时会去检查一些常用的DNS，但是这时候你并没有接入internet，自然就出错了，所以我们需要在启动的时候不检查DNS，这就需要用加上-D选项来启动squid，命令如下：
#./squid –NCDd1 # 参数Dd1的目的是禁止测试DNS的连通性并且把squid在开始运行后的一些提示信息显示在屏幕上)
三、 注意事项：
1、Squid的配置文件squid.conf更改后必须重新运行squid;[/size]