ello，大家好！本次介绍的内容是如何使用Python连接Oracle数据库！看起来很简单，但实际上就是这么简单。学习本节内容后，相信老铁们能用Python撸起你们那庞大的Oracle数据库了。Well，下面开始进入主题！
分析步骤如下
1. 了解源端和目标端的用户信息
2. Oracle数据库配置信息
3. Python主机配置
4. Python测试连接Oracle数据库
了解源端和目标端的用户信息
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-- Python主机的信息
(pyOracle) [python@PYMY-DDB pyOracle]$ id python
uid=501(python) gid=501(python) groups=501(python)
-- 目标数据库的用户信息
[[email protected]]/home/grid$id grid
uid=302(grid) gid=301(oinstall) groups=301(oinstall),302(dba),304(asmadmin),305(asmdba),306(asmoper)
[[email protected]]/home/oracle$id oracle
uid=301(oracle) gid=301(oinstall) 01(oinstall),302(dba),303(oper),304(asmadmin),305(asmdba)Oracle数据库配置信息
1. 查看数据库服务器的IP地址
[[email protected]]/home/grid$ifconfig -a
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:CF:B6:31
inet addr:192.168.117.100 Bcast:192.168.117.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fecf:b631/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1463 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:913 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:132368 (129.2 KiB) TX bytes:142387 (139.0 KiB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:CF:B6:3B
inet addr:10.10.10.100 Bcast:10.255.255.255 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fecf:b63b/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:51 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:7370 (7.1 KiB) TX bytes:816 (816.0 b)
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:7540 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:7540 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:486091 (474.6 KiB) TX bytes:486091 (474.6 KiB)2. 查看监听服务
[[email protected]]/home/grid$lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 21-FEB-2019 17:48:50
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=LISTENER)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 21-FEB-2019 15:38:33
Uptime 0 days 2 hr. 10 min. 16 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /oracle/app/grid_home/11.2.0/grid/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /oracle/app/grid_home/11.2.0/grid/log/diag/tnslsnr/RACZJ-DDB/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=LISTENER)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.117.100)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "ORCLXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully3. 查看Oracle数据库名
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
cell_offloadgroup_name string
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string ORCL
db_unique_name string ORCL
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string ORCL
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
processor_group_name string
service_names string ORCL
Python主机配置
1. 安装Oracle 客户端
[root@PYMY-DDB rpm]# ls -l
total 60272
-rwxrw-rw- 1 root root 59865008 Jan 16 17:44 oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
-rwxrw-rw- 1 root root 610222 Jan 16 17:50 oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
[root@PYMY-DDB rpm]# rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:oracle-instantclient11.########################################### [100%]
[root@PYMY-DDB rpm]# rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:oracle-instantclient11.########################################### [100%]2. Python用户环境变量
[python@PYMY-DDB ~]$ cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib
[python@PYMY-DDB ~]$ source .bash_profile
3. 创建虚拟环境
[python@PYMY-DDB ~]$ pyenv virtualenv 3.6.5 pyOracle
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /home/python/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5/envs/pyOracle/lib/python3.6/site-packages
Requirement already satisfied: pip in /home/python/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5/envs/pyOracle/lib/python3.6/site-packages
4. 查看和加载虚拟环境版本
[python@PYMY-DDB ~]$ pyenv virtualenvs
2.7.15/envs/autoDjango (created from /home/python/.pyenv/versions/2.7.15)
2.7.15/envs/testDjango (created from /home/python/.pyenv/versions/2.7.15)
3.6.5/envs/pyOracle (created from /home/python/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5)
autoDjango (created from /home/python/.pyenv/versions/2.7.15)
pyOracle (created from /home/python/.pyenv/versions/3.6.5)
testDjango (created from /home/python/.pyenv/versions/2.7.15)
[python@PYMY-DDB ~]$ pyenv activate pyOracle
pyenv-virtualenv: prompt changing will be removed from future release. configure `export PYENV_VIRTUALENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1' to simulate the behavior.5. 升级pyOracle项目的pip
yOracle) [python@PYMY-DDB ~]$ pip install --upgrade pip
Collecting pip
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d7/41/34dd96bd33958e52cb4da2f1bf0818e396514fd4f4725a79199564cd0c20/pip-19.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip
Found existing installation: pip 9.0.3
Uninstalling pip-9.0.3:
Successfully uninstalled pip-9.0.3
Successfully installed pip-19.0.2
6. 安装和检查cx_Oracle模块
(pyOracle) [python@PYMY-DDB ~]$ pip install cx_Oracle
(pyOracle) [python@PYMY-DDB ~]$ python -c "import cx_Oracle"
Python测试连接Oracle数据库
1. 测试连接Oracle数据库(pyOracle) [python@PYMY-DDB pyOracle]$ cat connoracle.py
#!/usr/bin/python
#coding=utf8
#导入cx_Oracle模块
import cx_Oracle
#创建到Oracle数据库的连接并赋给变量
db=cx_Oracle.connect('scott/[email protected]:1521/ORCL')
#创建游标并赋给变量cursor
execsql=db.cursor()
#执行Oracle SQL语句
execsql.execute('select sysdate from dual')
#获取执行结果并赋给变量data
#这里fetchone表示获取一行，fetchall为获取所有行
#fetchone返回的是一个字符串
#fetchall返回的是一个列表,哪怕结果只有一行
result=execsql.fetchone()
#打印结果
print ('Database time: %s ' %result)
#关闭数据库连接
execsql.close()
db.close()
2. Python成功连接Oracle数据库
(pyOracle) [python@PYMY-DDB pyOracle]$ python connoracle.py
Database time: 2019-02-21 15:47:41 3. 测试查询Oracle的数据文件信息
(pyOracle) [python@PYMY-DDB pyOracle]$ cat connoracle_dbf.py
#!/usr/bin/python
# coding=utf8
import cx_Oracle
def oraclesql(execsql):
# 这里我们使用python的open方法打开文件并读取文件内容作为SQL语句执行
# 可使用绝对路径或相对路径
sqlfile = open('/oracle/scripts/datafile.sql', 'r')
# fp=open('./tablespace.sql','r')
sqlfilecontent = sqlfile.read()
execsql.execute(sqlfilecontent)
result = execsql.fetchall()
return result
if __name__ == "__main__":
ipaddress = '192.168.117.100'
username = 'sys'
password = 'oracle'
port = '1521'
tnsname = 'ORCL'
# 这里我们利用Python的异常处理来捕获异常，具体用法请参考文章开始提到的教程
try:
# 这里我们使用sysdba权限连接oracle数据库(和上期连接普通用户的不同)
db = cx_Oracle.connect(username + '/' + password + '@' + ipaddress + ':' + port + '/' + tnsname,mode=cx_Oracle.SYSDBA)
except Exception as e:
content = (tnsname + ' is Unreachable,The reason is ' + str(e)).strip()
print(content)
else:
execsql = db.cursor()
result = oraclesql(execsql)
execsql.close()
db.close()
# 由于上面获取的是一个列表(多行)，这里使用for循环来遍历
# 注意i也是一个列表
print ('数据文件编号 表空间名称 数据文件名字')
for i in result:
print (i)4. 查看Oracle查询数据文件的SQL语句
(pyOracle) [python@PYMY-DDB pyOracle]$ cat /oracle/scripts/datafile.sql
select file_id, tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files order by 15. Python成功查询Oracle的数据文件信息
(pyOracle) [python@PYMY-DDB pyOracle]$ python connoracle_dbf.py
数据文件编号 表空间名称 数据文件名字
(1, 'SYSTEM', '+DATA/orcl/datafile/system.266.978200739')
(2, 'SYSAUX', '+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.260.978200741')
(3, 'UNDOTBS1', '+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.264.978200743')
(4, 'USERS', '+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.263.978200743')
(5, 'EXAMPLE', '+DATA/orcl/datafile/example.258.978200911')
(6, 'USER_STU_DATA', '+DATA/orcl/datafile/user_stu_data.256.979408775')
(7, 'OGG', '+DATA/orcl/datafile/ogg.268.979421969')
(8, 'SQLTUNE_DATA', '+DATA/orcl/datafile/sqltune_data.269.986846807')
(9, 'SQLTUNE_DATA', '+DATA/orcl/datafile/sqltune_data.270.986847073')
(10, 'SQLTUNE_DATA', '+DATA/orcl/datafile/sqltune_data.271.986847785')
(11, 'SQLTUNE_DATA', '+DATA/orcl/datafile/sqltune_data.272.986847789')
(12, 'SQLTUNE_DATA', '+DATA/orcl/datafile/sqltune_data.273.986847891')
总结
老铁们，Python连接Oracle数据库是不是很简单呢？如果有疑惑的话，可以后台咨询我喔！最后，非常感谢您的阅读！