Kubernetes (k8s) v1.19.0 安装部署，单机部署

系统准备

环境准备

部署集群没有特殊说明均使用root用户执行命令

硬件信息

k8s-master 内存16GB 硬盘20GB k8s 控制节点 + Node节点

软件信息

CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)

Kubernetesv1.19.0

Docker 19.03.12

修改主机名

hostnamectl set-hostname k8s-master

关闭防火墙 （仅用于测试，生产请不要使用）

systemctl disable --now firewalld

禁用swap

swapoff -a
sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

关闭 SELinux

setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

设置系统时区、同步时间

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
systemctl enable --now chronyd
# 将当前的 UTC 时间写入硬件时钟
timedatectl set-local-rtc 0
# 重启依赖于系统时间的服务
systemctl restart rsyslog && systemctl restart crond

部署docker

添加docker yum源

# 安装必要依赖
yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# 添加aliyun docker-ce yum源
yum -y install yum-utils
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# 重建yum缓存
yum makecache fast
安装指定版本docker
yum install -y docker-ce-19.03.12-3.el7

确保网络模块开机自动加载

lsmod | grep overlay
lsmod | grep br_netfilter

若上面命令无返回值输出或提示文件不存在，需执行以下命令：

cat > /etc/modules-load.d/docker.conf <<EOF
overlay
br_netfilter
EOF
modprobe overlay
modprobe br_netfilter

使桥接流量对iptables可见

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system

验证是否生效，均返回 1 即正确

sysctl -n net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables
sysctl -n net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables

配置docker

mkdir /etc/docker
#修改cgroup驱动为systemd[k8s官方推荐]、限制容器日志量、修改存储类型，最后的docker家目录可修改
cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
{
  "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "log-driver": "json-file",
  "log-opts": {
    "max-size": "100m"
  },
  "storage-driver": "overlay2",
  "storage-opts": [
    "overlay2.override_kernel_check=true"
  ],
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://7uuu3esz.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
  "data-root": "/data/docker"
}
EOF
#添加开机自启，立即启动
systemctl enable --now docker
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

部署kubernetes

添加kubernetes源

cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo <<EOF
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
#重建yum缓存，输入y添加证书认证
yum makecache fast

查看安装版本

yum list |grep kubelet
yum list |grep  kubeadm
yum list |grep  kubectl

安装kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl

yum install -y kubelet-1.19.0-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
yum install -y kubeadm-1.19.0-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
yum install -y kubectl-1.19.0-0 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
systemctl enable --now kubelet

配置自动补全命令

#安装bash自动补全插件
yum install bash-completion -y
#设置kubectl与kubeadm命令补全，下次login生效
kubectl completion bash >/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl
kubeadm completion bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/kubeadm

预拉取kubernetes镜像

kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version v1.19.0

新建脚本get-k8s-images.sh，内容如下：

#!/bin/bash
# Script For Quick Pull K8S Docker Images
# by qiraosky <[email protected]>

KUBE_VERSION=v1.19.0
PAUSE_VERSION=3.2
CORE_DNS_VERSION=1.7.0
ETCD_VERSION=3.4.9-1

# pull kubernetes images from hub.docker.com
docker pull kubesphere/kube-proxy-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker pull kubesphere/kube-controller-manager-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker pull kubesphere/kube-apiserver-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker pull kubesphere/kube-scheduler-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
# pull aliyuncs mirror docker images
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:$PAUSE_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:$CORE_DNS_VERSION
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:$ETCD_VERSION
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-arm64
docker pull quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64

# retag to k8s.gcr.io prefix
docker tag kubesphere/kube-proxy-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION  k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:$KUBE_VERSION
docker tag kubesphere/kube-controller-manager-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:$KUBE_VERSION
docker tag kubesphere/kube-apiserver-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:$KUBE_VERSION
docker tag kubesphere/kube-scheduler-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:$KUBE_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:$PAUSE_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/pause:$PAUSE_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:$CORE_DNS_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/coredns:$CORE_DNS_VERSION
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:$ETCD_VERSION k8s.gcr.io/etcd:$ETCD_VERSION

# untag origin tag, the images won't be delete.
docker rmi kubesphere/kube-proxy-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker rmi kubesphere/kube-controller-manager-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker rmi kubesphere/kube-apiserver-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker rmi kubesphere/kube-scheduler-amd64:$KUBE_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:$PAUSE_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:$CORE_DNS_VERSION
docker rmi registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:$ETCD_VERSION

脚本添加可执行权限，执行脚本拉取镜像：

chmod +x get-k8s-images.sh
./get-k8s-images.sh

初始化kube-master

修改kubelet配置默认cgroup driver

mkdir -p /var/lib/kubelet/
cat > /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: KubeletConfiguration
cgroupDriver: systemd
EOF
systemctl restart kubelet

测试环境是否正常（WARNING是正常的）

kubeadm init phase preflight

初始化master 10.244.0.0/16是flannel固定使用的IP段，设置取决于网络组件要求

kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --kubernetes-version=v1.19.0

配置master认证

echo 'export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf' >> /etc/profile
source /etc/profile

安装网络组件flannel

# 注意这里下载kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yaml需要科学上网
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml 
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yaml

查看kube-master节点状态

kubectl get nodes

如果长时间达不到 ready 可以查看所有pod 状态

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

如果有pod有异常，可以查看描述以解决异常

kubectl -n kube-system describe  pod-id

Kubernetes 将Pod调度到Master节点（单机运行K8S）去除 master 的污点
出于安全考虑，默认配置下Kubernetes不会将Pod调度到Master节点。如果希望将k8s-master也当作Node使用，可以执行如下命令：

kubectl taint node k8s-master node-role.kubernetes.io/master-

其中k8s-master是主机节点hostname如果要恢复Master Only状态，执行如下命令：

kubectl taint node k8s-master node-role.kubernetes.io/master=""