kubernetes-1-安装本地存储的pv和pvc

volume 根据使用可以分为以下三类:
(1)Volume 本地和网络数据卷
(2)PersistentVolume 持久数据卷
(3)PersistentVolume 动态供给数据卷

注意：Kubernetes中的Volume提供了在容器中挂载外部存储的能力。

注意：Pod需要设置卷来源（spec.volumes）和挂载点（spec.containers.volumeMounts）两个信息后才可以使用相应的Volume。

1 k8s volume 本地存储和网络存储

volume中的本地数据卷和网络数据卷：
(1)本地数据卷：emptyDir、hostPath。
(2)网络数据卷：NFS。

1.1 emptyDir（空目录）

创建一个空卷，挂载到Pod中的容器。Pod删除该卷也会被删除。 应用场景：同一个Pod中运行的容器之间数据共享。
#docker pull busybox
#docker pull centos
#docker pull library/bash:4.4.23
文件empty.yaml
创建2个容器，一个写，一个读，来测试数据是否共享。

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: my-pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: write
    image: library/bash:4.4.23
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    command: ["sh","-c","while true; do echo 'hello' >> /data/hello.txt; sleep 2; done;"]
    volumeMounts:
      #将名为data的数据卷，挂载在容器的/data下面
      - name: data
        mountPath: /data

  - name: read
    image: centos
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    command: ["bash","-c","tail -f /data/hello.txt"]
    volumeMounts:
      #将名为data的数据卷，挂载在容器的/data下面
      - name: data
        mountPath: /data

  #定义一个数据卷来源
  volumes:
  #定义数据卷名字
  - name: data
    emptyDir: {
    
    }

#kubectl apply -f empty.yaml

由于通过指定的镜像启动容器后，容器内部没有常驻进程，导致容器启动成功后即退出，从而进行了持续的重启。
command: ["sh","-c","while true; do echo 'hello' >> /data/hello.txt; sleep 2; done;"]

#kubectl logs my-pod -c read
每隔两秒写入，所以能够不停的看见打印的数据。

1.2 hostPath（本地挂载）

挂载节点文件系统上文件或者目录到Pod中的容器。 应用场景：Pod中容器需要访问宿主机文件。
文件hostpath.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: my-pod
spec:
  containers:
  - name: busybox
    image: busybox
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    args:
    - /bin/sh
    - -c
    - sleep 36000
   # 挂载点
    volumeMounts:
    #将名为data的数据卷，挂载在容器的/data下面
    - name: data
      mountPath: /data
  volumes:
  - name: data
    #挂载来源，宿主机的/tmp目录
    hostPath:
      path: /tmp
      type: Directory

#kubectl apply -f hostpath.yaml
查看pod被调度到哪个节点上
#kubectl get pods -n default -o wide
看到宿主机上/tmp上的数据，成功展示在pod 的/data目录下。

1.3 NFS(文件共享存储网络卷)

192.168.0.165 mymaster
192.168.0.163 myworker
(1)安装nfs:(需要使用nfs服务，每台机器都需要安装)

#yum install -y nfs-utils #安装nfs服务
#yum install -y rpcbind#安装rpc服务
#注意：先启动rpc服务，再启动nfs服务，每台机器都启动。
#systemctl start rpcbind #先启动rpc服务
#systemctl enable rpcbind #设置开机启动
#systemctl start nfs-server #启动nfs服务
#systemctl enable nfs-server #设置开机启动

(2)设置mymaster为服务端，配置/some/path目录共享出来，并且具有读写权限

#cat /etc/exports
/some/path 192.168.0.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

#docker pull nginx
此时在客户端的时候，不用刻意去用mount 挂载，因为k8s会帮我们自动挂载。
(3)文件nfs.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        #将名为wwwroot的数据卷，挂载在容器的nginx的html目录下
        volumeMounts:
        - name: wwwroot
          mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
    #定义数据卷名字为wwwroot,类型为nfs
      volumes:
      - name: wwwroot
        nfs:
          server: mymaster
          path: /some/path

#kubectl apply -f nfs.yaml
#kubectl exec -it nginx-deployment-5f58c6b8f9-8x4tb – sh

查看目录下是否有内容

#cat /some/path/aa.html
my name is lucy

2 安装本地存储的pv和pvc

镜像rancher/local-path-provisioner:v0.0.11
#docker load -i local-path-provisioner.tar
文件local-path-storage.yaml

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: local-path-storage
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: local-path-provisioner-service-account
  namespace: local-path-storage
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: local-path-provisioner-role
rules:
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["nodes", "persistentvolumeclaims"]
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["endpoints", "persistentvolumes", "pods"]
  verbs: ["*"]
- apiGroups: [""]
  resources: ["events"]
  verbs: ["create", "patch"]
- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
  resources: ["storageclasses"]
  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: local-path-provisioner-bind
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: local-path-provisioner-role
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: local-path-provisioner-service-account
  namespace: local-path-storage
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: local-path-provisioner
  namespace: local-path-storage
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: local-path-provisioner
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: local-path-provisioner
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: local-path-provisioner-service-account
      containers:
      - name: local-path-provisioner
        image: rancher/local-path-provisioner:v0.0.11
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        command:
        - local-path-provisioner
        - --debug
        - start
        - --config
        - /etc/config/config.json
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/config/
        env:
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: local-path-config
---
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: local-path
  annotations: #添加为默认StorageClass
    storageclass.beta.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true"
provisioner: rancher.io/local-path
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
reclaimPolicy: Delete
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: local-path-config
  namespace: local-path-storage
data:
  config.json: |-
        {
                "nodePathMap":[
                {
                        "node":"DEFAULT_PATH_FOR_NON_LISTED_NODES",
                        "paths":["/opt/local-path-provisioner"]
                }
                ]
        }

#kubectl apply -f local-path-storage.yaml
查看默认存储