leetcode-232-Implement Queue using Stacks

题目描述:

Implement the following operations of a queue using stacks.

  • push(x) -- Push element x to the back of queue.
  • pop() -- Removes the element from in front of queue.
  • peek() -- Get the front element.
  • empty() -- Return whether the queue is empty.

Notes:

    • You must use only standard operations of a stack -- which means only push to toppeek/pop from topsize, and is empty operations are valid.
    • Depending on your language, stack may not be supported natively. You may simulate a stack by using a list or deque (double-ended queue), as long as you use only standard operations of a stack.
    • You may assume that all operations are valid (for example, no pop or peek operations will be called on an empty queue).

 

要完成的函数:

void push(int x) 

int pop() //返回队首元素值并且删去该值

int peek() 

bool empty() 

说明:

1、这道题要求使用堆栈来实现队列,只能使用堆栈的push pop top size empty的功能,来完成队列的压入、弹出、读取队首元素、判断队列是否为空的函数。

2、队列跟堆栈的唯一不同之处,在于队列是队尾输入、队首输出,堆栈是队尾输入、队尾输出。堆栈其实也是一个特殊的队列。

所以我们可以每次压入新元素,都把新元素放到堆栈的底部,而始终保持最先压入的元素在堆栈顶部,这样我们的后续步骤,比如删除或者读取队首元素,也就变得异常简单了。

而完成新元素在堆栈底部,最先压入的元素在堆栈顶部,我们需要一个辅助堆栈来实现。

代码如下:(附详解)

    stack<int>stack1;//主堆栈
    stack<int>stack2;//辅助堆栈
        
    /** Push element x to the back of queue. */
    void push(int x) 
    {
        while(!stack1.empty())//在压入新元素之前,把所有已有元素取出来,放在辅助堆栈中。辅助堆栈中元素的顺序是,较旧的元素在底,较新的元素在顶。
        {
            stack2.push(stack1.top());
            stack1.pop();
        }
        stack1.push(x);//压入新元素在最底部
        while(!stack2.empty())//新元素压入后,把辅助堆栈中的元素拿出来,压入主堆栈中,保持较新元素在底,较旧元素在顶
        {
            stack1.push(stack2.top());
            stack2.pop();
        }
    }
    
    /** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
    int pop() 
    {
        int t=stack1.top();
        stack1.pop();
        return t;
    }
    
    /** Get the front element. */
    int peek() 
    {
        return stack1.top();
    }
    
    /** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
    bool empty() 
    {
        return stack1.empty();
    }

上述代码实测2ms,beats 100% of cpp submissions。

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/king-3/p/9116168.html