操作系统：CentOS 7.9
数据库系统：MySQL 5.7.23
远程MySQL服务器：172.16.100.60
MySQL客户端：172.16.100.61
实战任务：本地连服务器端
1.连接MySQL
连接MySQL命令的格式:
mysql -h主机地址 -u用户名 -p密码
[root@Linux ROOT]# mysql -h 172.16.100.61 -uroot -p
[11:17:01]Enter password:
[11:17:01]ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host '172.16.100.60' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server
远程数据库服务器授权该终端IP(172.16.100.61)能远程登录数据库
grant all on 数据库.* to 用户名@登录主机 Identified by "密码"
#root用户授予访问所有数据库的所有权限，并且仅允许172.16.100.61客户端登录访问
mysql> grant all on *.* to [email protected] identified by "********";
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
#db用户授予访问所有数据库的查询、插入、修改、删除权限，并且允许任何客户端登录访问
mysql> grant select,insert,update,delete on *.* to db@"%" Identified by "db123";
#dba用户，只可以在localhost上登录，并可对数据库查询、插入、修改、删除的操作，但任何客户端都无法登录访问，
mysql> grant select,insert,update,delete on livey.* to dba@localhost Identified by "***";
#下面的终端是无法远程访问172.16.100.60，因为dba用户只有localhost才能登录。
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h172.16.100.60 -udba -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'dba'@'172.16.100.61' (using password: YES)
客户端远程连接MySQL数据库服务器
[root@localhost etc]# mysql -h172.16.100.60 -uroot -p
Enter password:
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| cmsdb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
2.数据库的基本操作：
1)创建数据库
mysql> create database livey;
2)显示数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| cmsdb |
| livey |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3)删除数据库
mysql>drop database livey;
4)切换数据库
mysql> use livey;
Database changed
5）显示当前数据库
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| livey |
+------------+
6）创建数据表
mysql> create table Mytables(
-> id int(4) not null primary key auto_increment,
-> name char(20) not null,
-> sex int(4) not null default '0',
-> degree double(16,2));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
7)删除表
mysql> drop table Mytables;
mysql> insert into Mytables values(1,'tony','1',98.65),(2,'jasm','0',88.9);
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.02 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
8）查询表
mysql> select * from Mytables;
+----+------+-----+--------+
| id | name | sex | degree |
+----+------+-----+--------+
| 1 | tony | 1 | 98.65 |
| 2 | jasm | 0 | 88.90 |
+----+------+-----+--------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
9）查看表中第一行的数据
mysql> select * from Mytables order by id limit 0,1;
+----+------+-----+--------+
| id | name | sex | degree |
+----+------+-----+--------+
| 1 | tony | 1 | 98.65 |
+----+------+-----+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
10)增加字段
mysql> alter table Mytables add apptest int(4) default '0';
11)修改表中的数据
mysql> update Mytables set name='sky9890' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
12)删除表中的数据
mysql> delete from Mytables where id=1;
13)修改表名
mysql> rename table Mytables to Yourtables;
3.备份远程数据库
1）备份数据库
格式：
mysqldump -h 主机地址 -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 > 导出的文件名
文件默认是存放当前客户端的目录下。
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -h172.16.100.60 -uroot -p livey>livey.sql
Enter password:
2）导出一个表
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -h172.16.100.60 -uroot -p livey Yourtables> Yourtables.sql
Enter password:
3)导出一个数据库结构
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -h172.16.100.60 -u root -p --no-data --databases livey> liveydb.sql