freebsd上安装git(1)

本文转自:     http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=10810

How to setup a Git repository

---

This howto will describe how to setup a Git repository:

• Dedicated user for Git repos
• SSH will be used for commits
• Enable gitweb for web access (Apache will be used)
• Anonymous cloning using the Git protocol

For those who don't know what Git is:

• Git
• Git (Wikipedia)
• Revision control
• Distributed revision control
• Comparison of revision control software

You should know how to use Git before reading on.

Install devel/git. Select GITWEB. SVN, P4, and CVS are optional. Deselect them if you don't plan to use them.

Create a git user with uid and gid as 9418:

Code:

# pw groupadd -n git -g 9418
# pw useradd -n git -u 9418 -g git -c git -d /git \
	-s /usr/local/libexec/git-core/git-shell -h -

The git-shell is used for this user, and home is set as /git/. The repos will be under /git/base/.

Make sure the permissions of the directory are correct and create /git/base/:

Code:

# chown git:git /git/
# chmod 755 /git
# mkdir /git/base/
# chown git:git /git/base/
# chmod 775 /git/base/

Next, add users to the git group to be able to create repositories under /git/base/. This isn't necessary for users who only need commit access.

Code:

# vi /etc/group
...
git:*:9418:user1,user2

We'll be using SSH keys for authenication, so collect the public keys of all the users who need commit access. Then, put the public keys into the right place:

Code:

# mkdir /git/.ssh/
# chmod 700 /git/.ssh/
# touch /git/.ssh/authorized_keys
# chmod 600 /git/.ssh/authorized_keys
(Put the public keys into authorized_keys, one per line)
# chown -R git:git /git/.ssh/

Everything should be set now. Let's create a repo for testing (change to a user that has been added to the git group and has commit access).

Code:

$ mkdir /git/base/test.git
$ cd /git/base/test.git && git init --bare --shared

Create a local repo and commit:

Code:

$ mkdir ~/test
$ cd ~/test && git init
$ echo '123456' > foo
$ git add .
$ git commit

Now push it into the remote repo (remember to replace git.example.com with your own hostname):

Code:

$ git remote add origin [email protected]:base/test.git
$ git push origin master

Don't delete the test repo yet.

Since the git repo should be up and working by now, let's enable gitweb for web access. Apache's VirtualHost will be used for this.

Copy gitweb files to /home/www/git/:

Code:

$ cp /usr/local/share/examples/git/gitweb/git* /home/www/git/

Modify Apache settings (change the ServerName and the access and error log paths as necessary):

Code:

<VirtualHost *:80>
  ServerAdmin webmaster@yourhostname
  DocumentRoot "/home/www/git"
  ServerName git.example.com
  ErrorLog "/path/to/errolog"
  CustomLog "/path/to/accesslog" combined

  <Directory "/home/www/git">
    Options ExecCGI
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all

    DirectoryIndex gitweb.cgi
    AddHandler cgi-script .cgi
  </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Now edit gitweb.cgi:

Code:

-our $projectroot = "/pub/scm";
+our $projectroot = "/git/base";
...
-our $home_link_str = "projects";
+our $home_link_str = "base";
...
-our $site_name = ""
+our $site_name = "git.example.com"
...
-our $home_text = "indextext.html";
+our $home_text = "content.html"; (Leave empty if unnecessary)
...
-our $projects_list_description_width = 25;
+our $projects_list_description_width = 40; (Give the description a bit more space)

Change the $site_header, $home_text, and $site_footer as needed.

Open up your browser and check if it's working.

You might notice that the description of the test repo hasn't been modified yet. You might also want to change the owner.

For the description, edit /git/base/test.git/description. Put this into /git/base/test.git/config to change the owner:

Code:

[gitweb]
        owner = Your Name

Only the Git protocol isn't working now.

Add this to /etc/rc.conf:

Code:

git_daemon_enable="YES"
git_daemon_directory="/git"
git_daemon_flags="--syslog --base-path=/git --export-all"

Start the daemon:

Code:

# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/git_daemon start

You should now be able to clone using the Git protocol. Try it out:

Code:

$ cd /tmp/
$ git clone git://git.example.com/base/test.git

One last thing. You might want to list URLs for cloning repos on the summary page of test.git in gitweb. Just add this line (the url line) to the [gitweb] section of /git/base/test.git/config:

Code:

[gitweb]
        owner = Your Name
        url = git://git.example.com/base/test.git

This line can appear more than once if there are multiple URLs:

Code:

[gitweb]
        owner = Your Name
        url = git://git.example.com/base/test.git
        url = [email protected]:base/test.git

---

Last edited by dennylin93; February 4th, 2010 at 02:30.

The Following 13 Users Say Thank You to dennylin93 For This Useful Post:

beginner (January 30th, 2010), blodan (July 8th, 2012), draco003 (September 26th, 2011), fefo (January 31st, 2010), graudeejs (January 30th, 2010), jkusniar (February 2nd, 2010), lme@ (November 11th, 2012), marino (August 15th, 2010), Symbiosis (June 8th, 2010), unconnected (September 23rd, 2010), UNIXgod (October 21st, 2010), vertexSymphony (October 25th, 2010), VictorGT (October 21st, 2010)

# 2   October 21st, 2010, 15:53

VictorGT Junior Member   Join Date: Oct 2010 Posts: 1 Thanks: 1 Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post

Thanks a lot for this useful article! I've noticed one problem on my FreeBSD 7.2 - looks like it is better to add one more flag ( --detach) to the rc.conf: Code: git_daemon_flags="--syslog --base-path=/git --export-all --detach" Last edited by DutchDaemon; October 21st, 2010 at 18:32.

The Following User Says Thank You to VictorGT For This Useful Post:

blodan (July 8th, 2012)

# 3   October 21st, 2010, 16:35

graudeejs Style(9) Addict   Join Date: Nov 2008 Location: Riga, Latvia Posts: 4,488 Thanks: 417 Thanked 594 Times in 465 Posts

You can use devel/py-gitosis to manage git users. This way system only needs 1 git user. Other users will be virtual users (authorization with ssh public/private keys) It is very nice peace of software... I use gitosis & cgit at git.bsdroot.lv

The Following User Says Thank You to graudeejs For This Useful Post:

draco003 (September 26th, 2011)

# 4   May 25th, 2012, 20:05

blaize Junior Member   Join Date: May 2012 Posts: 17 Thanks: 0 Thanked 1 Time in 1 Post

Quote: Originally Posted by VictorGT Thanks a lot for this useful article! I've noticed one problem on my FreeBSD 7.2 - looks like it is better to add one more flag ( --detach) to the rc.conf: Code: git_daemon_flags="--syslog --base-path=/git --export-all --detach" I have the same problem on FreeBSD 9, if you don't add --detach in rc.conf, the daemon is started in the foreground and the boot process is stuck at launching the daemon (before SSH :/) Except that, everything works very well ! Thank you. Last edited by DutchDaemon; May 25th, 2012 at 20:43. Reason: Proper formatting / spelling

The Following User Says Thank You to blaize For This Useful Post:

blodan (July 8th, 2012)

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