C++ string类(一)

string类型说明:

		string并不是C++语言的基本类型,而是C++标准库中声明的一个字符串类,用这种类可定义对象

string类的定义:

		string 对象名(初始化数据);

string类型变量的运算:

		str1 = str2;//字符串的复制
		str1 += str2;//字符串的连接
		k = (str1 > str2);//类似关系运算符有"<","==","!=",">=","<="

string类型数组

		string name[5]={"Zhang","Li","Fan","Wang","Tan"};//每一个字符串元素中只包含字符串本身
				的字符而不包含'\0'

string类的构造函数原型:

		string();//默认构造函数
		string(const char *s);//赋值,string str1("HELLO");
		string(const string& str);//赋值,string str2(str1);
		string(const char *s,unsigned n);//将s指向的字符串的前n个字符赋值给新串
		string(const string& str,unsigned pos,unsigned n);//将s指向的字符串的pos位置到
				pos+n位置的部分字符串赋给新串
		string(unsigned n,char c);//将字符c重复n次,构成新串
#include <string>//头文件为<string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	string str;
	string str1("hello");
	string str2(str1);
	string str3("hello",2);
	string str4("hello",1,3);//注意角标!
	string str5(5,'h');
	cout<<"str1="<<str1<<endl;
	cout<<"str2="<<str2<<endl;
	cout<<"str3="<<str3<<endl;	
	cout<<"str4="<<str4<<endl;
	cout<<"str5="<<str5<<endl;
}

运行结果:

str1=hello
str2=hello
str3=he
str4=ell
str5=hhhhh

string类的大小属性函数:

		unsigned capacity();//返回容量,即默认内存空间大小
		unsigned size();//返回字符串大小
		unsigned length();//返回字符串的长度
		bool empty();//返回当前字符串是否存储字符
		void resize(unsigned len,char c);//重置字符串的长度,并用字符c填充不足的部分
int main()
{
	string str("hello");
	cout<<"str capacity ="<<str.capacity()<<endl;
	cout<<"str size ="<<str.size()<<endl;
	cout<<"str length ="<<str.length()<<endl;
	cout<<"str bool ="<<str.empty()<<endl;
	str.resize(10,'w');
	cout<<"str resize ="<<str<<endl;
}

运行结果:

str capacity =5
str size =5
str length =5
str bool =0
str resize =hellowwwww

string类字符及字符序列访问属性函数

		char &at(unsigned n);//返回字符串角标为n的字符
		string substr(unsigned pos,unsigned n);//返回字符串从角标为pos开始的n个字符的字串
int main()
{
	string str("hello");
	cout<<"字符串str第2个字符:"<<str.at(2)<<endl;//注意角标!
	cout<<"字符串str第2-4个字符:"<<str.substr(2,4)<<endl;//注意角标!
}

运行结果:

字符串str第2个字符:l
字符串str第2-4个字符:llo

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_43341057/article/details/90247566
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