什么是LNMP?
Linux+Nginx+MySQL+PHP
实验效果
用LNMP搭建一个Discuz论坛
实验准备(在VMware中进行实验)
RedHat(RHEL)7.4
已经联网
一、更换成阿里云yum源
查询已安装的yum
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum
PackageKit-yum-1.1.5-1.el7.x86_64
yum-3.4.3-154.el7.noarch
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-9.el7.noarch
yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7.noarch
使用root权限卸载已安装的yum源
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep yum | xargs rpm -e --nodeps
warning: /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf saved as /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/langpacks.conf.rpmsave
下载并安装阿里的yum源rpm包
(浏览器打开网址:https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages
然后一个一个的去搜索下载到本地
最后到Linux里面去建一个rpm文件,然后把下载好的包复制进去)
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-161.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-50.el7.noarch.rpm
wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/python-urlgrabber-3.10-9.el7.noarch.rpm
查看rpm包
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir rpm
[root@localhost ~]# cd rpm/
[root@localhost rpm]# ls
python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm
yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
安装(必须要强制安装)
[root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh *.rpm --force --nodeps
warning: python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEY
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7 ################################# [ 20%]
2:python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7 ################################# [ 40%]
3:yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-5################################# [ 60%]
4:yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos ################################# [ 80%]
5:yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8 ################################# [100%]
下载阿里镜像到/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2020-12-21 14:36:48-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 112.19.3.184, 112.19.3.182, 112.19.3.183, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|112.19.3.184|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’
100%[======================================>] 2,523 --.-K/s in 0s
2020-12-21 14:36:48 (140 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2523/2523]
修改Centos-7.repo文件将所有$releasever替换为7
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS-Base.repo
按Ctrl+:
输入:%s/$releasever/7/g
清除缓存并重新生成
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
更新yum包
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum update
二、安装Nginx
下载会用到的工具包
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y bash-completion vim wget curl
设置Nginx源
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo ---写入以下配置文件
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
[nginx-mainline]
name=nginx mainline repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/mainline/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache
安装Nginx
[root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx -y
重启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nginx
设置防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled ---改为disabled
打开浏览器
在客户端访问:192.168.112.131
四、更改Nginx的配置文件(更改默认html路径及增加一些内容)
替换Nginx配置文件(删除原有的文件,替换成下面的)
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx nginx;
worker_processes 4;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
use epoll;
worker_connections 10240;
}
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 2k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
client_max_body_size 8m;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile off;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
fastcgi_cache_path /etc/nginx/fastcgi_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=TEST:10m inactive=5m;
fastcgi_cache_key http://$host$request_uri;
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 4k;
fastcgi_buffers 8 4k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 8k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 8k;
fastcgi_cache TEST;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 302 1h;
fastcgi_cache_valid 301 1d;
fastcgi_cache_valid any 1m;
fastcgi_cache_min_uses 1;
fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header http_500;
open_file_cache max=204800 inactive=20s;
open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
open_file_cache_valid 30s;
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1K;
gzip_buffers 4 16K;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
gzip_vary on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
替换default.conf(删除原有的文件,替换成下面的)
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name 192.168.112.131; ---这里换成自己的IP地址
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /opt/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location /status
{
stub_status on;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /opt/nginx/html;
}
location ~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf|js|css)$
{
expires 30d;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
由于更改了根目录,所以需要创建新的根目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/nginx/html -p
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/nginx/html/* /opt/nginx/html/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/nginx/html/
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 494 Dec 21 15:01 50x.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 Dec 21 15:01 index.html
改变了服务配置文件,所以需要重新启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status nginx
五、安装配置MySQL数据库服务器
下载安装MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh mysql80-community-release-el7-2.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mysql-community-server -y
启动MySQL
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld
通过grep过滤出他的默认密码
[root@localhost ~]# grep 'password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2020-12-21T07:09:12.309082Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: =Wei9rR%io)P
使用默认密码登录数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'=Wei9rR%io)P'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.22
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
更改密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'XXGC.lab123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
重启MySQL数据库并设置开机自启
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
六、安装配置PHP环境
安装php7的YUM源
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
安装PHP7.2
[root@localhost ~]# yum install php72w php72w-cli php72w-common php72w-gd php72w-ldap php72mbstring php72w-mcrypt php72w-mysql php72w-pdow -y
安装php-fpm并启动
[root@localhost ~]# yum install php72w-fpm php72w-opcache -y
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart php-fpm.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm.service
修改php-fpm配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[www]
user = nginx ---改为nginx
group = nginx ---改为nginx
调整nginx配置文件(分为以下两个部分,都是在同一个配置文件下)
1、先修改这一区块的内容
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
location / {
root /opt/nginx/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
2、添加内容到location ~ .php$ 这个区块内
首先取消这几行的注释,然后再添加新增的内容
location ~ \.php$ {
root /opt/nginx/html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /opt/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
创建MySQL数据库管理员
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'XXGC.lab123'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.22 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create user 'dbadmin'@'%' identified with mysql_native_password by 'XXGC.lab123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'dbadmin'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> grant GRANT OPTION on *.* to 'dbadmin'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
七、LNMP环境测试
写配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# vim test.php ---写入以下内容
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart php-fpm.service
[root@localhost html]# systemctl restart nginx
在客户端访问:192.168.112.131/test.php
(可以看到php的测试界面 可以看到你少哪些具体的组件)
测试是否可以连接MySQL数据库文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# vim mysql.php
<?PHP
$conn=mysqli_connect("192.168.112.131","dbadmin","XXGC.lab123");
if($conn){
echo"ok";
}else{
echo"error";
}
?>
在客户端访问:192.168.112.131/mysql.php
如果php与mysql连接正确浏览器访问会反馈OK的字段
八、下载Discuz论坛文件
Discuz现在在gitee.com进行维护
地址为:https://gitee.com/ComsenzDiscuz/DiscuzX
可进入网站自行下载 或上传Discuz压缩包到虚拟机
[root@localhost ~]# cd rpm/
[root@localhost rpm]# ls
Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8【20200818】.zip
python-urlgrabber-3.10-10.el7.noarch.rpm
yum-3.4.3-168.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
yum-utils-1.1.31-54.el7_8.noarch.rpm
解压
[root@localhost rpm]# unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8【20200818】.zip
[root@localhost rpm]# mv upload/ /opt/nginx/html/ ---把包移动到nginx网页下
建立Discuz论坛所用数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p'XXGC.lab123'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 8.0.22 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database discuz;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
解决所有文件权限,需要可写权限
[root@localhost upload]# cd /opt/nginx/html/upload/
[root@localhost upload]# chmod -R 777 ./config/ ./data/ ./uc_client/ ./uc_server/
[root@localhost upload]# chown nginx:nginx -R /opt/nginx/html/upload/
在客户端使用浏览器打开
网站地址:http://192.168.112.131/upload/install/
会显示以下安装界面:
选择全新安装,点击下一步
添加安装数据库有关信息,必须要按照实际情况添加。
开始安装论坛
安装完毕后就可以访问论坛了