Netty源码分析(2)-服务端启动流程

1. 服务端启动步骤

一个 Netty 服务端配置启动代码如下，其大略的流程为以下几个步骤：

1. 创建 NioEventLoopGroup 实例，这个类是 Netty 的 Reactor 线程池实现之一，其实际为 EventLoop 的容器，而 EventLoop 的主要职责是处理所有注册到本线程多路复用器 Selector 上的 Channel。代码中创建了两个 NioEventLoopGroup 实例，这是 主从 Reactor 多线程模式 的体现
2. 创建 ServerBootstrap 实例，该类是 Netty 服务端的启动辅助类，提供一系列方法用于设置服务端启动相关的参数
3. ServerBootstrap 对象调用 group() 方法设置并绑定主从 Reactor 线程池
4. ServerBootstrap 对象调用 channel() 方法设置服务端 Channel 实例类型
5. ServerBootstrap 对象调用 handler() 方法设置服务端 MainReactor 线程池业务处理器
6. ServerBootstrap 对象调用带 child 前缀的方法设置服务端 SubReactor 线程池配置，比如 childHandler() 方法设置SubReactor 线程池业务处理器
7. ServerBootstrap 对象调用 bind() 方法绑定并启动监听端口

public class NettyServer {
    
    

    private static final int DEFAULT_PORT = 10086;

    public static void start() {
    
    
        new Thread(() -> {
    
    
            // 创建监听线程组, 监听客户端请求
            NioEventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
            // 创建工作线程组, 处理请求
            NioEventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

            // 服务器辅助启动类配置
            new ServerBootstrap().group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
                    // 设置 channel 类型为NIO类型
                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                    // 设置连接配置参数
                    .option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
                    .handler(new LoggingHandler())
                    .childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
                    .childOption(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
                    // 配置入站、出站事件handler
                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
    
    
                        @Override
                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
    
    
                            // 配置入站、出站事件channel
                            ch.pipeline()
                                    .addLast(new LineBasedFrameDecoder(1024))
                                    .addLast(new StringDecoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8))
                                    .addLast(new StringEncoder(CharsetUtil.UTF_8))
                                    .addLast(new ServerHandler());
                        }
                    })
                    // 绑定端口
                    .bind(DEFAULT_PORT)
                    .addListener(future -> {
    
    
                        if (future.isSuccess()) {
    
    
                            System.out.println(new Date() + ": 端口[" + DEFAULT_PORT + "]绑定成功!");
                        } else {
    
    
                            System.err.println("端口[" + DEFAULT_PORT + "]绑定失败!");
                        }
                    });
        }, "Server").start();
    }
}

2. 服务端启动流程详解

服务端启动流程图如下，各组件间的关系可参考 Netty源码分析(1)-核心组件与架构，其主要流程可以分为以下几个部分：

1. 事件分发组件的配置及初始化
2. 业务处理组件 Channel 的初始化及注册，注册过程即事件循环线程的启动过程
3. 绑定服务端 ServerSocketChannel 到指定的端口

2.1 事件分发组件配置及初始化

这部分对应以上流程图步骤 1-5，其中比较关键的流程如下：

1. new NioEventLoopGroup() 创建 Reactor 线程池实例，其关键逻辑在父类 MultithreadEventExecutorGroup 的构造方法中，重要步骤如下：

   1. new ThreadPerTaskExecutor(new DefaultThreadFactory()) 生成 Executor 实例，并指定其线程工厂
   2. 调用 newChild() 方法为当前 group 新建 NioEventLoop 实例，并指定其 Executor 入参为 ThreadPerTaskExecutor 对象，该对象后续将用于创建和启动 EventLoop 线程
   3. 如果有一个 NioEventLoop 实例新建失败，调用已创建的每个 NioEventLoop 实例的 shutdownGracefully() 方法启动事件循环线程

   protected MultithreadEventExecutorGroup(int nThreads, Executor executor,
                                            EventExecutorChooserFactory chooserFactory, Object... args) {
         
         
        if (nThreads <= 0) {
         
         
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format("nThreads: %d (expected: > 0)", nThreads));
        }
   
        if (executor == null) {
         
         
            // #1
            executor = new ThreadPerTaskExecutor(newDefaultThreadFactory());
        }
   
        children = new EventExecutor[nThreads];
   
        for (int i = 0; i < nThreads; i ++) {
         
         
            boolean success = false;
            try {
         
         
                // #2
                children[i] = newChild(executor, args);
                success = true;
            } catch (Exception e) {
         
         
                // TODO: Think about if this is a good exception type
                throw new IllegalStateException("failed to create a child event loop", e);
            } finally {
         
         
                if (!success) {
         
         
                    for (int j = 0; j < i; j ++) {
         
         
                        // #3
                        children[j].shutdownGracefully();
                    }
   
                    for (int j = 0; j < i; j ++) {
         
         
                        EventExecutor e = children[j];
                        try {
         
         
                            while (!e.isTerminated()) {
         
         
                                e.awaitTermination(Integer.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                            }
                        } catch (InterruptedException interrupted) {
         
         
                            // Let the caller handle the interruption.
                            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
   
        chooser = chooserFactory.newChooser(children);
   
        final FutureListener<Object> terminationListener = new FutureListener<Object>() {
         
         
            @Override
            public void operationComplete(Future<Object> future) throws Exception {
         
         
                if (terminatedChildren.incrementAndGet() == children.length) {
         
         
                    terminationFuture.setSuccess(null);
                }
            }
        };
   
        for (EventExecutor e: children) {
         
         
            e.terminationFuture().addListener(terminationListener);
        }
   
        Set<EventExecutor> childrenSet = new LinkedHashSet<EventExecutor>(children.length);
        Collections.addAll(childrenSet, children);
        readonlyChildren = Collections.unmodifiableSet(childrenSet);
    }
   
   

2. new ServerBootstrap().group(bossGroup, workerGroup) 新建 ServerBootstrap 对象，并调用其 group() 方法配置好主从 Reactor 线程池。其中 MainReactor 线程池将会保存在 AbstractBootstrap.group 变量，SubReactor 线程池以 ServerBootstrap.childGroup 变量保存

   public ServerBootstrap group(EventLoopGroup parentGroup, EventLoopGroup childGroup) {
         
         
        super.group(parentGroup);
        if (childGroup == null) {
         
         
            throw new NullPointerException("childGroup");
        }
        if (this.childGroup != null) {
         
         
            throw new IllegalStateException("childGroup set already");
        }
        this.childGroup = childGroup;
        return this;
    }
   

3. ServerBootstrap#channel() 方法实际配置了一个 ReflectiveChannelFactory工厂类，用于创建指定的 NioServerSocketChannel 对象

   public B channel(Class<? extends C> channelClass) {
         
         
        if (channelClass == null) {
         
         
            throw new NullPointerException("channelClass");
        }
        return channelFactory(new ReflectiveChannelFactory<C>(channelClass));
    }
   
    public B channelFactory(ChannelFactory<? extends C> channelFactory) {
         
         
        if (channelFactory == null) {
         
         
            throw new NullPointerException("channelFactory");
        }
        if (this.channelFactory != null) {
         
         
            throw new IllegalStateException("channelFactory set already");
        }
   
        this.channelFactory = channelFactory;
        return self();
    }
   

4. 以 ServerBootstrap#childHandler()方法为例，带 child 前缀的方法都用来配置 SubReactor 线程池所需的处理器等，这些配置在 MainReactor 将连接注册到 SubReactor 上之后 IO 读写会用到

   public ServerBootstrap childHandler(ChannelHandler childHandler) {
         
         
        if (childHandler == null) {
         
         
            throw new NullPointerException("childHandler");
        }
        this.childHandler = childHandler;
        return this;
    }
   

2.2 业务处理组件 Channel 的初始化及注册

1. ServerBootstrap#bind() 方法实际调用到 AbstractBootstrap#doBind()方法，这个方法是整个服务端启动的入口，主要分为了以下 2 个部分，本节主要分析 initAndRegister() 流程

   1. initAndRegister() 初始化 Channel，并将其注册到 Selector 上
   2. doBind0() 将 Channel 绑定监听指定端口

   private ChannelFuture doBind(final SocketAddress localAddress) {
         
         
        final ChannelFuture regFuture = initAndRegister();
        final Channel channel = regFuture.channel();
        if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
         
         
            return regFuture;
        }
   
        if (regFuture.isDone()) {
         
         
            // At this point we know that the registration was complete and successful.
            ChannelPromise promise = channel.newPromise();
            doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
            return promise;
        } else {
         
         
            // Registration future is almost always fulfilled already, but just in case it's not.
            final PendingRegistrationPromise promise = new PendingRegistrationPromise(channel);
            regFuture.addListener(new ChannelFutureListener() {
         
         
                @Override
                public void operationComplete(ChannelFuture future) throws Exception {
         
         
                    Throwable cause = future.cause();
                    if (cause != null) {
         
         
                        // Registration on the EventLoop failed so fail the ChannelPromise directly to not cause an
                        // IllegalStateException once we try to access the EventLoop of the Channel.
                        promise.setFailure(cause);
                    } else {
         
         
                        // Registration was successful, so set the correct executor to use.
                        // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2586
                        promise.registered();
   
                        doBind0(regFuture, channel, localAddress, promise);
                    }
                }
            });
            return promise;
        }
    }
   

2. AbstractBootstrap#initAndRegister()方法的作用见名知意，其作用就是初始化 channel 并完成注册，其中关键的部分如下：

   1. 首先通过配置的Channel 工厂类创建指定 Channel 对象，然后通过 init(channel) 方法初始化 Channel
   2. config().group().register(channel) 将初始化完毕的 Channel 注册到 MainReactor 中某个事件循环线程 Selector 上

   final ChannelFuture initAndRegister() {
         
         
       Channel channel = null;
       try {
         
         
           channel = channelFactory.newChannel();
           init(channel);
       } catch (Throwable t) {
         
         
           if (channel != null) {
         
         
               // channel can be null if newChannel crashed (eg SocketException("too many open files"))
               channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
               // as the Channel is not registered yet we need to force the usage of the GlobalEventExecutor
               return new DefaultChannelPromise(channel, GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE).setFailure(t);
           }
           // as the Channel is not registered yet we need to force the usage of the GlobalEventExecutor
           return new DefaultChannelPromise(new FailedChannel(), GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE).setFailure(t);
       }
   
       ChannelFuture regFuture = config().group().register(channel);
       if (regFuture.cause() != null) {
         
         
           if (channel.isRegistered()) {
         
         
               channel.close();
           } else {
         
         
               channel.unsafe().closeForcibly();
           }
       }
       return regFuture;
   }
   

3. channelFactory.newChannel() 通过反射调用了 NioServerSocketChannel无参构造方法，可知其 newSocket() 方法实际是返回了一个 JDK 中的 ServerSocketChannel对象， NioServerSocketChannel 实际就是这个对象的进一步封装。在 NioServerSocketChannel 的有参构造中可以看到，其调用了父类构造方法，并指定了其监听的就绪事件为 SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT。此处往上追溯到其 AbstractNioChannel父类构造方法，可以看到 JDK 中 NIO 设置非阻塞的标准操作，并保留了监听的就绪事件的标识 readInterestOp，这个标识会在之后开始读取 IO 数据的时候用于设置监听事件

   public NioServerSocketChannel() {
         
         
        this(newSocket(DEFAULT_SELECTOR_PROVIDER));
    }
   
   public NioServerSocketChannel(ServerSocketChannel channel) {
         
         
        super(null, channel, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        config = new NioServerSocketChannelConfig(this, javaChannel().socket());
    }
   
    // AbstractNioChannel 构造方法
   protected AbstractNioChannel(Channel parent, SelectableChannel ch, int readInterestOp) {
         
         
        super(parent);
        this.ch = ch;
        this.readInterestOp = readInterestOp;
        try {
         
         
            ch.configureBlocking(false);
        } catch (IOException e) {
         
         
            try {
         
         
                ch.close();
            } catch (IOException e2) {
         
         
                if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
         
         
                    logger.warn(
                            "Failed to close a partially initialized socket.", e2);
                }
            }
   
            throw new ChannelException("Failed to enter non-blocking mode.", e);
        }
    }
   

4. 追溯 NioServerSocketChannel 父类构造方法最终来到 AbstractChannel，可以到其主要有两个动作：

   1. newUnsafe() 新建 NioMessageUnsafe 对象，该类负责实际的 IO 读写动作
   2. newChannelPipeline() 新建 DefaultChannelPipeline 对象

   protected AbstractChannel(Channel parent) {
         
         
        this.parent = parent;
        id = newId();
        unsafe = newUnsafe();
        pipeline = newChannelPipeline();
    }
   

5. DefaultChannelPipeline 构造方法中会新建 TailContext 和 HeadContext 对象，并将其前后指针互相指向对象，形成双向处理链表

   protected DefaultChannelPipeline(Channel channel) {
         
         
        this.channel = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(channel, "channel");
        succeededFuture = new SucceededChannelFuture(channel, null);
        voidPromise =  new VoidChannelPromise(channel, true);
   
        tail = new TailContext(this);
        head = new HeadContext(this);
   
        head.next = tail;
        tail.prev = head;
    }
   

6. Channel 对象的创建告一段落，回到初始化 Channel 的方法AbstractBootstrap#init()。这是个抽象方法，其实现为 ServerBootstrap#init()。这个方法中最重要的逻辑就是代码 p.addLast()调用的部分，这部分ChannelInitializer对象被添加到流处理链，会在之后的流程中将 ServerBootstrapAcceptor注册到 MainReactor 的处理链中

   void init(Channel channel) throws Exception {
         
         
        final Map<ChannelOption<?>, Object> options = options0();
        synchronized (options) {
         
         
            setChannelOptions(channel, options, logger);
        }
   
        final Map<AttributeKey<?>, Object> attrs = attrs0();
        synchronized (attrs) {
         
         
            for (Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object> e: attrs.entrySet()) {
         
         
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                AttributeKey<Object> key = (AttributeKey<Object>) e.getKey();
                channel.attr(key).set(e.getValue());
            }
        }
   
        ChannelPipeline p = channel.pipeline();
   
        final EventLoopGroup currentChildGroup = childGroup;
        final ChannelHandler currentChildHandler = childHandler;
        final Entry<ChannelOption<?>, Object>[] currentChildOptions;
        final Entry<AttributeKey<?>, Object>[] currentChildAttrs;
        synchronized (childOptions) {
         
         
            currentChildOptions = childOptions.entrySet().toArray(newOptionArray(0));
        }
        synchronized (childAttrs) {
         
         
            currentChildAttrs = childAttrs.entrySet().toArray(newAttrArray(0));
        }
   
        p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
         
         
            @Override
            public void initChannel(final Channel ch) throws Exception {
         
         
                final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                ChannelHandler handler = config.handler();
                if (handler != null) {
         
         
                    pipeline.addLast(handler);
                }
   
                ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
         
         
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
         
         
                        pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
                                ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    }
   

7. 进入 DefaultChannelPipeline#addLast() 方法，可以看到其内部主要做了 3 件事：

   1. newContext() 将 ChannelHandler 封装到 DefaultChannelHandlerContext 对象
   2. addLast0() 将新建的 ChannelHandlerContext 对象加入到双向链表中
   3. 此时 Channel 还没有完成注册，callHandlerCallbackLater() 方法将新建一个 PendingHandlerAddedTask 对象，用于注册完成后执行 callHandlerAdded0() 方法回调处理器实现的 handlerAdd() 方法

   public final ChannelPipeline addLast(EventExecutorGroup group, String name, ChannelHandler handler) {
         
         
        final AbstractChannelHandlerContext newCtx;
        synchronized (this) {
         
         
            checkMultiplicity(handler);
   
            newCtx = newContext(group, filterName(name, handler), handler);
   
            addLast0(newCtx);
   
            // If the registered is false it means that the channel was not registered on an eventloop yet.
            // In this case we add the context to the pipeline and add a task that will call
            // ChannelHandler.handlerAdded(...) once the channel is registered.
            if (!registered) {
         
         
                newCtx.setAddPending();
                callHandlerCallbackLater(newCtx, true);
                return this;
            }
   
            EventExecutor executor = newCtx.executor();
            if (!executor.inEventLoop()) {
         
         
                newCtx.setAddPending();
                executor.execute(new Runnable() {
         
         
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
         
         
                        callHandlerAdded0(newCtx);
                    }
                });
                return this;
            }
        }
        callHandlerAdded0(newCtx);
        return this;
    }
   

8. Channel 的初始化结束，接下来就是注册 Channel。config().group().register(channel) 实际调用到了 NioEventLoopGroup 超类 MultithreadEventLoopGroup#register() 方法，最终其实是选中事件循环线程池中的一个 NioEventLoop 事件循环对象完成注册，实现是调用其超类 SingleThreadEventLoop#register()方法

     @Override
    public ChannelFuture register(final ChannelPromise promise) {
         
         
        ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(promise, "promise");
        promise.channel().unsafe().register(this, promise);
        return promise;
    }
   

9. 从代码可以看到，注册是由 Unsafe 类完成的，其实现为 AbstractUnsafe#register()。此时事件循环线程还没有启动，故其会将 AbstractUnsafe#register0()方法包装成异步任务扔到事件循环对象中执行

   @Override
        public final void register(EventLoop eventLoop, final ChannelPromise promise) {
         
         
            ......
            
            AbstractChannel.this.eventLoop = eventLoop;
   
            if (eventLoop.inEventLoop()) {
         
         
                register0(promise);
            } else {
         
         
                try {
         
         
                    eventLoop.execute(new Runnable() {
         
         
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
         
         
                            register0(promise);
                        }
                    });
                } catch (Throwable t) {
         
         
                    logger.warn(
                            "Force-closing a channel whose registration task was not accepted by an event loop: {}",
                            AbstractChannel.this, t);
                    closeForcibly();
                    closeFuture.setClosed();
                    safeSetFailure(promise, t);
                }
            }
        }
   

10. 以上任务其实提交到了 SingleThreadEventExecutor#execute()，这个方法比较关键的其实只有两步：

    1. addTask() 将异步任务添加到任务队列中
    2. 此时事件循环尚未启动，调用 startThread() 新建线程并启动

    @Override
    public void execute(Runnable task) {
          
          
        if (task == null) {
          
          
            throw new NullPointerException("task");
        }
    
        boolean inEventLoop = inEventLoop();
        addTask(task);
        if (!inEventLoop) {
          
          
            startThread();
            if (isShutdown() && removeTask(task)) {
          
          
                reject();
            }
        }
    
        if (!addTaskWakesUp && wakesUpForTask(task)) {
          
          
            wakeup(inEventLoop);
        }
    }
    

11. 启动线程调用到 SingleThreadEventExecutor#doStartThread()，此处代码 executor.execute() 实际是通过 ThreadPerTaskExecutor 新建并启动线程，至此则 SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.run() 方法被调用

    private void doStartThread() {
          
          
        assert thread == null;
        executor.execute(new Runnable() {
          
          
            @Override
            public void run() {
          
          
                thread = Thread.currentThread();
                if (interrupted) {
          
          
                    thread.interrupt();
                }
    
                boolean success = false;
                updateLastExecutionTime();
                try {
          
          
                    SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.run();
                    success = true;
                } catch (Throwable t) {
          
          
                    logger.warn("Unexpected exception from an event executor: ", t);
                } finally {
          
          
                    ......
                }
            }
        });
    }
    

12. SingleThreadEventExecutor.this.run() 为抽象方法，其实现为NioEventLoop#run()，其主要逻辑如下:

    for 空循环正式启动事件循环线程。循环中select() 方法通过 Selector 轮询 IO 就绪事件，之后根据 ioRatio 配置分配processSelectedKeys()处理 IO 事件 和 runAllTasks() 处理其他任务的时间

    protected void run() {
          
          
        for (;;) {
          
          
            try {
          
          
                switch (selectStrategy.calculateStrategy(selectNowSupplier, hasTasks())) {
          
          
                    case SelectStrategy.CONTINUE:
                        continue;
    
                    case SelectStrategy.BUSY_WAIT:
                        // fall-through to SELECT since the busy-wait is not supported with NIO
    
                    case SelectStrategy.SELECT:
                        select(wakenUp.getAndSet(false));
                        if (wakenUp.get()) {
          
          
                            selector.wakeup();
                        }
                        // fall through
                    default:
                }
    
                cancelledKeys = 0;
                needsToSelectAgain = false;
                final int ioRatio = this.ioRatio;
                if (ioRatio == 100) {
          
          
                    try {
          
          
                        processSelectedKeys();
                    } finally {
          
          
                        // Ensure we always run tasks.
                        runAllTasks();
                    }
                } else {
          
          
                    final long ioStartTime = System.nanoTime();
                    try {
          
          
                        processSelectedKeys();
                    } finally {
          
          
                        // Ensure we always run tasks.
                        final long ioTime = System.nanoTime() - ioStartTime;
                        runAllTasks(ioTime * (100 - ioRatio) / ioRatio);
                    }
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
          
          
                handleLoopException(t);
            }
            // Always handle shutdown even if the loop processing threw an exception.
            try {
          
          
                if (isShuttingDown()) {
          
          
                    closeAll();
                    if (confirmShutdown()) {
          
          
                        return;
                    }
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
          
          
                handleLoopException(t);
            }
        }
    }
    

13. SingleThreadEventExecutor#runAllTasks() 会将队列中的任务处理掉，则之前的异步任务 AbstractUnsafe#register0() 被执行，其处理步骤如下：

    1. doRegister() 完成 ServerSocketChannel 的注册
    2. pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded() 回调 Handler 处理器的 handlerAdded() 方法
    3. pipeline.fireChannelRegistered() 通知 Channel 注册事件，由处理器做相应处理
    4. 此时 ServerSocketChannel 如果是激活状态，且是第一次注册，则 pipeline.fireChannelActive() 通知 Channel 激活事件，由处理器做对应处理

    private void register0(ChannelPromise promise) {
          
          
            try {
          
          
                // check if the channel is still open as it could be closed in the mean time when the register
                // call was outside of the eventLoop
                if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
          
          
                    return;
                }
                boolean firstRegistration = neverRegistered;
                doRegister();
                neverRegistered = false;
                registered = true;
    
                // Ensure we call handlerAdded(...) before we actually notify the promise. This is needed as the
                // user may already fire events through the pipeline in the ChannelFutureListener.
                pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded();
    
                safeSetSuccess(promise);
                pipeline.fireChannelRegistered();
                // Only fire a channelActive if the channel has never been registered. This prevents firing
                // multiple channel actives if the channel is deregistered and re-registered.
                if (isActive()) {
          
          
                    if (firstRegistration) {
          
          
                        pipeline.fireChannelActive();
                    } else if (config().isAutoRead()) {
          
          
                        // This channel was registered before and autoRead() is set. This means we need to begin read
                        // again so that we process inbound data.
                        //
                        // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/4805
                        beginRead();
                    }
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
          
          
                // Close the channel directly to avoid FD leak.
                closeForcibly();
                closeFuture.setClosed();
                safeSetFailure(promise, t);
            }
        }
    

14. AbstractNioChannel#doRegister() 中实际调用了 ServerSocketChannel#register() 实现将 Channel 注册到 Selector 上，这属于Java 中 NIO 的标准操作。需注意此时 Channel 的监听标识为 0，也就是说此时 ServerSocketChannel 仅仅注册成功了，还不能监听任何网络操作。不过之后可以通过 SelectionKey#interestOps() 方法修改监听操作位为指定值，也就是步骤 3 提到的标识

    protected void doRegister() throws Exception {
          
          
        boolean selected = false;
        for (;;) {
          
          
            try {
          
          
                selectionKey = javaChannel().register(eventLoop().unwrappedSelector(), 0, this);
                return;
            } catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
          
          
                if (!selected) {
          
          
                    // Force the Selector to select now as the "canceled" SelectionKey may still be
                    // cached and not removed because no Select.select(..) operation was called yet.
                    eventLoop().selectNow();
                    selected = true;
                } else {
          
          
                    // We forced a select operation on the selector before but the SelectionKey is still cached
                    // for whatever reason. JDK bug ?
                    throw e;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

15. pipeline.invokeHandlerAddedIfNeeded() 最终调用到 DefaultChannelPipeline#callHandlerAddedForAllHandlers() ，则步骤 7 中封装的 PendingHandlerAddedTask#execute执行，可以看到这个任务的核心为 DefaultChannelPipeline#callHandlerAdded0()

     @Override
        void execute() {
          
          
            EventExecutor executor = ctx.executor();
            if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
          
          
                callHandlerAdded0(ctx);
            } else {
          
          
                try {
          
          
                    executor.execute(this);
                } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) {
          
          
                    if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
          
          
                        logger.warn(
                                "Can't invoke handlerAdded() as the EventExecutor {} rejected it, removing handler {}.",
                                executor, ctx.name(), e);
                    }
                    remove0(ctx);
                    ctx.setRemoved();
                }
            }
        }
    

16. DefaultChannelPipeline#callHandlerAdded0() 会依次回调处理器的 handlerAdded()方法，则步骤6 的 ChannelInitializer#handlerAdded() 会被调用，最终调用 ChannelInitializer#initChannel() 将ServerBootstrapAcceptor注册到 MainReactor 的处理链中，至此再执行完 步骤13 剩下的步骤则注册流程完成

     p.addLast(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
          
          
            @Override
            public void initChannel(final Channel ch) throws Exception {
          
          
                final ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
                ChannelHandler handler = config.handler();
                if (handler != null) {
          
          
                    pipeline.addLast(handler);
                }
    
                ch.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
          
          
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
          
          
                        pipeline.addLast(new ServerBootstrapAcceptor(
                                ch, currentChildGroup, currentChildHandler, currentChildOptions, currentChildAttrs));
                    }
                });
            }
        });
    

2.3 服务端 ServerSocketChannel 绑定

1. Channel 初始化并注册完成后，就进入了绑定流程，也就是方法 AbstractBootstrap#doBind0()的调用。可以看到方法内部的主体是向已经注册的 Channel 所属的事件循环线程提交一个异步任务，该任务主要调用到 AbstractChannel#bind() 方法

   private static void doBind0(
            final ChannelFuture regFuture, final Channel channel,
            final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
         
         
   
        // This method is invoked before channelRegistered() is triggered.  Give user handlers a chance to set up
        // the pipeline in its channelRegistered() implementation.
        channel.eventLoop().execute(new Runnable() {
         
         
            @Override
            public void run() {
         
         
                if (regFuture.isSuccess()) {
         
         
                    channel.bind(localAddress, promise).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE_ON_FAILURE);
                } else {
         
         
                    promise.setFailure(regFuture.cause());
                }
            }
        });
    }
   

2. AbstractChannel#bind() 方法内部调用到 DefaultChannelPipeline#bind()方法，这个方法逻辑很简单，只是使用 TailContext 的引用调到了 AbstractChannelHandlerContext#bind()方法

    public final ChannelFuture bind(SocketAddress localAddress) {
         
         
        return tail.bind(localAddress);
    }
   

3. AbstractChannelHandlerContext#bind()内部逻辑也不复杂，首先通过 findContextOutbound() 方法从流处理双向链表尾部往前找到一个处理出站事件的处理器，也就是 HeadContext，之后调用其 invokeBind() 方法

   public ChannelFuture bind(final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
         
         
        if (localAddress == null) {
         
         
            throw new NullPointerException("localAddress");
        }
        if (isNotValidPromise(promise, false)) {
         
         
            // cancelled
            return promise;
        }
   
        final AbstractChannelHandlerContext next = findContextOutbound();
        EventExecutor executor = next.executor();
        if (executor.inEventLoop()) {
         
         
            next.invokeBind(localAddress, promise);
        } else {
         
         
            safeExecute(executor, new Runnable() {
         
         
                @Override
                public void run() {
         
         
                    next.invokeBind(localAddress, promise);
                }
            }, promise, null);
        }
        return promise;
    }
   

4. HeadContext#invokeBind() 方法其实是借助了 Unsafe 类进行绑定操作的，最终也就调到了 AbstractUnsafe#bind() 方法。这个方法主要完成了两件事：

   1. doBind() 完成 ServerSocketChannel 绑定到指定端口
   2. 提交异步任务，调用 pipeline.fireChannelActive() 通知 Channel 已经激活，从而回调处理器中的 channelActive() 方法。需注意，在这个过程中服务端 Channel 监听的事件将被更改为SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT，这部分将在后续解析新连接建立的文章中分析

   public final void bind(final SocketAddress localAddress, final ChannelPromise promise) {
         
         
            assertEventLoop();
   
            if (!promise.setUncancellable() || !ensureOpen(promise)) {
         
         
                return;
            }
   
            // See: https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/576
            if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(config().getOption(ChannelOption.SO_BROADCAST)) &&
                localAddress instanceof InetSocketAddress &&
                !((InetSocketAddress) localAddress).getAddress().isAnyLocalAddress() &&
                !PlatformDependent.isWindows() && !PlatformDependent.maybeSuperUser()) {
         
         
                // Warn a user about the fact that a non-root user can't receive a
                // broadcast packet on *nix if the socket is bound on non-wildcard address.
                logger.warn(
                        "A non-root user can't receive a broadcast packet if the socket " +
                        "is not bound to a wildcard address; binding to a non-wildcard " +
                        "address (" + localAddress + ") anyway as requested.");
            }
   
            boolean wasActive = isActive();
            try {
         
         
                doBind(localAddress);
            } catch (Throwable t) {
         
         
                safeSetFailure(promise, t);
                closeIfClosed();
                return;
            }
   
            if (!wasActive && isActive()) {
         
         
                invokeLater(new Runnable() {
         
         
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
         
         
                        pipeline.fireChannelActive();
                    }
                });
            }
   
            safeSetSuccess(promise);
        }
   

5. dobind() 为抽象方法，其实现为 NioServerSocketChannel#doBind()，可以看到内部逻辑其实就是将 ServerSocketChannel 绑定到指定端口进行监听而已，属于 Java 中 NIO 的标准操作，至此绑定流程结束

   protected void doBind(SocketAddress localAddress) throws Exception {
         
         
       if (PlatformDependent.javaVersion() >= 7) {
         
         
           javaChannel().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
       } else {
         
         
           javaChannel().socket().bind(localAddress, config.getBacklog());
       }
   }