创建型
1，单例设计模式
2，工厂设计模式
3，建造者设计模式
4，原型设计模式
结构型
5，代理设计模式
6，桥接设计模式
7，装饰设计模式
8，适配器设计模式
9，外观设计模式
10，享元设计模式
11，组合设计模式
行为型
简介：
在面向对象的开发语言中，建造者模式和工厂模式一样也是创建对象的；不同的是工厂模式是用来创建不同但是相关类型的对象（继承同一父类或者接口的一组子类），由给定的参数来决定创建哪种类型的对象。建造者模式是用来创建一种类型的复杂对象，通过设置不同的可选参数，“定制化”地创建不同的对象。
应用场景
那些场景会应用到建造者模式呢，主要有以下需求是可以用使用：
1，一个类有很多属性，必须创建对象的时候初始化，如果利用构造函数初始化这些属性，那构造函数回很长，太多参数也不利于使用，容易出错，但是放到set方法中，又不能保证属性的必须初始化；
2，如果类的属性之间有一定的依赖关系或者约束条件，我们继续使用构造函数配合 set() 方法的设计思路，那这些依赖关系或约束条件的校验逻辑就无处安放了。
3，如果我们希望创建不可变对象，也就是说，对象在创建好之后，就不能再修改内部的属性值，要实现这个功能，我们就不能在类中暴露 set() 方法。构造函数配合 set() 方法来设置属性值的方式就不适用了。
建造者模式实现
来看一下Android源码中的AlertDialog；从AlertDialog可以看出就是利用创建者模式实现的；
部分源码：
public class AlertDialog extends Dialog implements DialogInterface {
private AlertController mAlert;
protected AlertDialog(Context context) {
this(context, 0);
}
protected AlertDialog(Context context, boolean cancelable, OnCancelListener cancelListener) {
this(context, 0);
setCancelable(cancelable);
setOnCancelListener(cancelListener);
}
protected AlertDialog(Context context, @StyleRes int themeResId) {
this(context, themeResId, true);
}
AlertDialog(Context context, @StyleRes int themeResId, boolean createContextThemeWrapper) {
super(context, createContextThemeWrapper ? resolveDialogTheme(context, themeResId) : 0, createContextThemeWrapper);
mWindow.alwaysReadCloseOnTouchAttr();
mAlert = AlertController.create(getContext(), this, getWindow());
}
@Override
public void setTitle(CharSequence title) {
super.setTitle(title);
mAlert.setTitle(title);
}
public void setCustomTitle(View customTitleView) {
mAlert.setCustomTitle(customTitleView);
}
public void setMessage(CharSequence message) {
mAlert.setMessage(message);
}
public void setMessageMovementMethod(MovementMethod movementMethod) {
mAlert.setMessageMovementMethod(movementMethod);
}
/** @hide */
public void setMessageHyphenationFrequency(
@Layout.HyphenationFrequency int hyphenationFrequency) {
mAlert.setMessageHyphenationFrequency(hyphenationFrequency);
}
/**
* Set the view to display in that dialog.
*/
public void setView(View view) {
mAlert.setView(view);
}
public void setView(View view, int viewSpacingLeft, int viewSpacingTop, int viewSpacingRight, int viewSpacingBottom) {
mAlert.setView(view, viewSpacingLeft, viewSpacingTop, viewSpacingRight, viewSpacingBottom);
}
public void setIcon(@DrawableRes int resId) {
mAlert.setIcon(resId);
}
public void setIcon(Drawable icon) {
mAlert.setIcon(icon);
}
public void setIconAttribute(@AttrRes int attrId) {
TypedValue out = new TypedValue();
mContext.getTheme().resolveAttribute(attrId, out, true);
mAlert.setIcon(out.resourceId);
}
public void setInverseBackgroundForced(boolean forceInverseBackground) {
mAlert.setInverseBackgroundForced(forceInverseBackground);
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mAlert.installContent();
}
@Override
public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if (mAlert.onKeyDown(keyCode, event)) return true;
return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
}
@Override
public boolean onKeyUp(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if (mAlert.onKeyUp(keyCode, event)) return true;
return super.onKeyUp(keyCode, event);
}
public static class Builder {
private final AlertController.AlertParams P;
public Builder(Context context) {
this(context, resolveDialogTheme(context, ResourceId.ID_NULL));
}
public Builder(Context context, int themeResId) {
P = new AlertController.AlertParams(new ContextThemeWrapper(
context, resolveDialogTheme(context, themeResId)));
}
public Context getContext() {
return P.mContext;
}
public Builder setTitle(@StringRes int titleId) {
P.mTitle = P.mContext.getText(titleId);
return this;
}
public Builder setTitle(CharSequence title) {
P.mTitle = title;
return this;
}
public Builder setMessage(@StringRes int messageId) {
P.mMessage = P.mContext.getText(messageId);
return this;
}
public Builder setMessage(CharSequence message) {
P.mMessage = message;
return this;
}
public Builder setIcon(@DrawableRes int iconId) {
P.mIconId = iconId;
return this;
}
public Builder setIcon(Drawable icon) {
P.mIcon = icon;
return this;
}
public Builder setOnKeyListener(OnKeyListener onKeyListener) {
P.mOnKeyListener = onKeyListener;
return this;
}
public Builder setItems(@ArrayRes int itemsId, final OnClickListener listener) {
P.mItems = P.mContext.getResources().getTextArray(itemsId);
P.mOnClickListener = listener;
return this;
}
public Builder setItems(CharSequence[] items, final OnClickListener listener) {
P.mItems = items;
P.mOnClickListener = listener;
return this;
}
public Builder setAdapter(final ListAdapter adapter, final OnClickListener listener) {
P.mAdapter = adapter;
P.mOnClickListener = listener;
return this;
}
public Builder setCursor(final Cursor cursor, final OnClickListener listener,
String labelColumn) {
P.mCursor = cursor;
P.mLabelColumn = labelColumn;
P.mOnClickListener = listener;
return this;
}
public Builder setMultiChoiceItems(@ArrayRes int itemsId, boolean[] checkedItems,
final OnMultiChoiceClickListener listener) {
P.mItems = P.mContext.getResources().getTextArray(itemsId);
P.mOnCheckboxClickListener = listener;
P.mCheckedItems = checkedItems;
P.mIsMultiChoice = true;
return this;
}
public Builder setSingleChoiceItems(@ArrayRes int itemsId, int checkedItem,
final OnClickListener listener) {
P.mItems = P.mContext.getResources().getTextArray(itemsId);
P.mOnClickListener = listener;
P.mCheckedItem = checkedItem;
P.mIsSingleChoice = true;
return this;
}
public Builder setSingleChoiceItems(Cursor cursor, int checkedItem, String labelColumn,
final OnClickListener listener) {
P.mCursor = cursor;
P.mOnClickListener = listener;
P.mCheckedItem = checkedItem;
P.mLabelColumn = labelColumn;
P.mIsSingleChoice = true;
return this;
}
public Builder setView(int layoutResId) {
P.mView = null;
P.mViewLayoutResId = layoutResId;
P.mViewSpacingSpecified = false;
return this;
}
public Builder setView(View view) {
P.mView = view;
P.mViewLayoutResId = 0;
P.mViewSpacingSpecified = false;
return this;
}
@Deprecated
public Builder setView(View view, int viewSpacingLeft, int viewSpacingTop,
int viewSpacingRight, int viewSpacingBottom) {
P.mView = view;
P.mViewLayoutResId = 0;
P.mViewSpacingSpecified = true;
P.mViewSpacingLeft = viewSpacingLeft;
P.mViewSpacingTop = viewSpacingTop;
P.mViewSpacingRight = viewSpacingRight;
P.mViewSpacingBottom = viewSpacingBottom;
return this;
}
@Deprecated
public Builder setInverseBackgroundForced(boolean useInverseBackground) {
P.mForceInverseBackground = useInverseBackground;
return this;
}
public AlertDialog create() {
// Context has already been wrapped with the appropriate theme.
final AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog(P.mContext, 0, false);
P.apply(dialog.mAlert);
dialog.setCancelable(P.mCancelable);
if (P.mCancelable) {
dialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(true);
}
dialog.setOnCancelListener(P.mOnCancelListener);
dialog.setOnDismissListener(P.mOnDismissListener);
if (P.mOnKeyListener != null) {
dialog.setOnKeyListener(P.mOnKeyListener);
}
return dialog;
}
public AlertDialog show() {
final AlertDialog dialog = create();
dialog.show();
return dialog;
}
}
}Builder是构建者模式中创建对象的关键类，其内部一般都重复定义被构建者对象的成员变量，即：使用建造者模式来构建对象，代码实际上是有点重复的，AlertDialog类中的成员变量(AlertController mAlert)，要在 Builder 类中(AlertController.AlertParams P 包含了mAlert成员变量)重新再定义一遍。关于P中包含mAlert成员变量可以从以下代码看出
//在Builer类的create方法中有如下代码
final AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog(P.mContext, 0, false);
P.apply(dialog.mAlert);构建者模式可以使用链式调用，来设置参数和使用构建者对象例如：
AlertDialog builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("这是Title").setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_background).setMessage("提示信息").create();
builder.show();
//或者，builder的show()方法会先调用create()方法
AlertDialog builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("这是Title").setIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher_background).setMessage("提示信息").show();
总结：通过构建者模式可以解决了以上三个开发需求或者说问题；