软件发布生命周期

Software Release Life Cycle

Software Development life cycle (SDLC), is an established and standard framework or approach, used in carrying out the development of a software product, in multiple stages. The ultimate goal behind the development of a software product is to release and deliver the software product to its intended or targeted users or the client.

软件开发生命周期（SDLC）是已建立的标准框架或方法，用于在多个阶段中进行软件产品的开发。开发软件产品的最终目的是将软件产品发布并交付给其预期或目标用户或客户。

Similar to the development life cycle, there exist a software release cycle, which ensures the timely release of a software application from its coding to final release, in a well defined manner. The basic purpose of defining a software cycle is to assess the stability of a software product under development, at each level or stage of a lifecycle and accordingly developing the product for the next subsequent level, until it finally releases.

与 『软件开发生命周期』相似，存在一个『软件发布周期』，它 以一种明确的方式 确保软件应用程序 从编程到最终发布 的各种版本 的及时发布。定义软件周期的基本目的是 在生命周期的每个级别或阶段 评估正在开发的软件产品的稳定性，并相应地为下一个后续级别开发产品，直到最终发布为止。

Generally, a software release life cycle consists of five stages viz. pre-alpha, alpha, Beta, Release candidate, general availability. However, a project management or business team may visualize and define the software release life cycle in their own way, depending upon their approach.

通常，软件发布生命周期包括五个阶段，即pre-Alpha版，Alpha版，Beta版，候选版本，正式版。然而，项目管理或业务团队可能以他们自己的方式可视化和定义软件发布生命周期，这取决于他们的方法。

Let’s go through each of these stages, to understand the concept of the software release life cycle.

让我们浏览所有这些阶段，以了解『软件发布生命周期』的概念。

Pre-alpha:

All the activities done prior to the alpha release of a software product, falls in the phase of pre-alpha stage. These activities are nothing, but the development process of a software product, consisting of several milestone, where each milestone reflects the achievement of successful implementation and execution of the certain specific tasks.

在软件产品的Alpha发行之前完成的所有活动都处于pre-Alpha的阶段。这些活动不是什么，而是软件产品的开发过程，由几个里程碑组成，其中每个里程碑反映了某些特定任务的成功实现和执行

Generally, the activities covered under pre-alpha phase comprises of requirement gathering & analysis, designing, development and unit testing.

通常，pre-alpha阶段涵盖的活动包括需求收集和分析，设计，开发和单元测试。

• 1.Requirement Gathering & Analysis:
  This phase of pre-alpha stage consist of gathering of requirement and thereafter their analysis, feasibility study, etc. to consider andvalidate the implementation of these requirements in a software product. The Project Manager, Business Manager, developers and the client or the owner are accountable for the gathering & analysis of the requirements, so that they can make out a well define plan, to carry out the software development process.

• 1.需求收集与分析：
  pre-alpha阶段包括需求的收集，随后的需求分析，可行性研究等，以考虑并验证软件产品中这些需求的实现。项目经理，业务经理，开发人员以及客户或所有者对需求的收集和分析负责，以便他们可以制定明确的计划，以执行软件开发过程。

• 2.Designing:
  Requirement gathering and analysis phase is followed by the designing phase, where the output of the former phase works as the resource for the latter. A design team is deployed, to work out and comes out with the structural view or may be called blueprint of a product, incorporating the specified requirements. This design helps the development team in visualizing and understanding an overview of a product, along with the need of certain hardware or software requirements, required in its development.

• 2.设计：
  需求收集和分析阶段之后是设计阶段，前一阶段的输出用作后者的资源。部署设计团队制定并提出了结构视图，或者可以将其称为具有特定需求的产品蓝图。设计有助于开发团队可视化和理解产品概述，以及产品开发所需的某些硬件或软件需求。

• 3.Development:
  Designing phase is followed by the implementation or the development phase. In development phase, a development team, equipped with all sort of resources such as SRS, software design, etc. and backed up by the design and other teams, carries out the task of development process and implementing specified requirements and specifications in the software product.

• 3.开发：
  在设计阶段之后是实施阶段或开发阶段。在开发阶段，在设计团队和其他团队支持下 并配备了诸如SRS，软件设计等各种资源的开发团队，负责执行开发过程的任务 并在软件产品中实现指定的需求和规范

• 4.Unit Testing: Each unit developed by the developers, is evaluated by the developer itself, to assess the compliance of specified requirements and specifications by each individual unit, along with their stability, for going through the integration process and facing further testing techniques.

• 4.单元测试：
  由开发人员开发的每个单元，由开发人员自己进行评估，以评估每个独立单元对指定需求和规范的符合性以及其稳定性，以进行集成过程并面临进一步的测试技术。

In pre-alpha stage, pre-alpha versions of a software product are being released such as milestone versions, where each milestone reflects the achievement in incorporating certain or specific functionalities or requirements in a product.

在pre-alpha阶段，将发布软件产品的pre-alpha版本，例如里程碑版本，其中每个里程碑都反映了 在产品中 结合某些或特定功能或需求 所取得的成就。

Alpha:

It is one of first type of testing performed on a software product, after its initial development. Generally, alpha testing is an in-house testing process, performed within the organization by the testers or the developers.

在最初开发之后，它是对软件产品执行的第一类测试之一。通常，alpha测试是内部测试过程，由测试人员或开发人员在组织内执行。

During alpha testing, firstly white box testing techniques are performed by the developers, followed by the black box testing and gray box testing by the testing team.

在Alpha测试期间，首先由开发人员执行白盒测试技术，然后由测试团队执行黑盒测试和灰盒测试。

The alpha released product, is generally of unstable nature, and may not be able to sustain further testing. Further, an alpha version of a software does not ensures the compliance of all specified requirements but covers the majority of requirements.

发布的alpha产品 通常具有不稳定的性质，可能无法承受进一步的测试。此外，软件的Alpha版本不能确保符合所有指定需求，但可以满足大多数需求。

Beta:

The software product is deployed on the customer site, for getting tested by the intended users or the client in the real environment. It may be seen as the last testing phase, before the product is released in the market.

该软件产品部署在客户站点上，以供目标用户或真实环境中的客户进行测试。可以将其视为产品在市场上发布之前的最后测试阶段。

Basically, a software product is handed over to the targeted users, just before its release, so as to assess the usability and performance features of a software product.

基本上，软件产品在发布之前就已移交给目标用户，以便评估软件产品的可用性和性能特征。

Further, a beta phase may consist of two levels.

• Open Beta: In open beta, a product is released and open to public, for testing the software application, in a real environment.
• Closed Beta: In closed beta, product is being handed over to limited and specific users, to perform beta testing over a software product.

此外，beta阶段可能包含两个级别。

• 公测：在开放测试中，产品已发布并向公众开放，用于在真实环境中测试软件应用程序。

• 内测：在封闭测试中，产品将移交给有限特定的用户，以对软件产品进行Beta测试。

Release Candidate（abbreviated RC）:

It is considered as the beta version of a software product, and may be seen as the final product to be released, unless no serious issues or defects arise. At this moment of time, it is ensured that the product, which has gone through multiple beta cycles, does not needs any further improvement and no more changes, is required in the product. Thus, the version is potentially seen as the final product, to be ready for the market release.

它被视为软件产品的beta版，并且可以被视为要发布的最终产品，除非没有严重的问题或出现缺陷。此时，可以确保经过多个Beta周期的产品不需要任何进一步的处理产品中需要进行改进且无需更多更改。因此，该版本可能被视为最终产品，可以为市场发布。

General Availability (abbreviated GA):

The final stable software product is released and is made available in the market for its selling and purchase, after completing all marketing formalities and commercialization activities, which may include security and compliance testing, along with the nationwide or the worldwide availability of the product.

在完成所有营销手续和商业化活动(包括安全性和合规性测试)以及产品在全国或全世界的可用性之后，最终稳定的软件产品发布并在市场上出售和购买

译者:计算机英语阅读