nginx的虚拟配置（虚拟主机）

什么是虚拟主机？
虚拟主机是一种特殊的软硬件技术，它可以将网络上的每一台计算机分成多个虚拟主机，每个虚拟主机可以独立对外提供www服务，这样就可以实现一台主机对外提供多个web服务，每个虚拟主机之间是独立的，互不影响。

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nginx可以实现虚拟主机的配置，nginx支持三种类型的虚拟主机配置。
1、基于域名的虚拟主机（server_name来区分虚拟主机——应用：外部网站）
2、基于ip的虚拟主机，（一块主机绑定多个ip地址）
3、基于端口的虚拟主机（端口来区分虚拟主机——应用：公司内部网站，外部网站的管理后台）

1、基于域名的虚拟主机

1、配置通过域名区分的虚拟机

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes  4;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;


events {
    
    
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    
    
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
    server {
    
    
        listen       80;
        server_name  web.testpm.com;
        location / {
    
    
            root   /var/www/nginx/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            limit_rate	2k;
        	}
        }
    
    server {
    
    
        listen       80;
        server_name  web.1000phone.com;
        location / {
    
    
            root   /1000phone/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        	}
        }
}

2、为域名为 web.1000phone.com 的虚拟机，创建 index 文件

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /1000phone/html
[root@localhost ~]# vim /1000phone/html/index.html
<html>
<p>
this is my 1000phone
</p>
</html>

3、重新加载配置文件

# 如果编译安装的执行
[root@nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
# 如果 yum 安装的执行
[root@nginx]# nginx -s reload

4、客户端配置路由映射
在 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts 文件中添加两行(linux:/etc/hosts)

10.0.105.199 web.testpm.com
10.0.105.199 web.1000phone.com

5、测试访问

浏览器输入：http://web.testpm.com/

浏览器输入：http://web.1000phone.com/

2、基于ip的虚拟主机

[root@localhost ~]# ip a 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:17:f1:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.105.199/24 brd 10.0.105.255 scope global dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 81438sec preferred_lft 81438sec
    inet6 fe80::9d26:f3f0:db9c:c9be/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 10.0.105.201/24  #要保证添加的IP没有被使用（给网卡再添加一个ip）
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.105.199  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.105.255
        inet6 fe80::9d26:f3f0:db9c:c9be  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:17:f1:af  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 9844  bytes 1052722 (1.0 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 5567  bytes 886269 (865.4 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.105.201  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.105.255
        ether 00:0c:29:17:f1:af  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

2、配置通过ip区分的虚拟机
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user  root;
worker_processes  4;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;


events {
    
    
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    
    
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    server {
    
    
        listen       10.0.105.199:80;
        server_name  web.testpm.com;
        location / {
    
    
            root   /var/www/nginx/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            limit_rate	2k;
        }
        
     server {
    
    
        listen       10.0.105.201:80;
        server_name  web.testpm.com;
        location / {
    
    
            root   /1000phone/html/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        	}
        }
}
3、重新加载配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
4、 测试访问
浏览器输入：http://10.0.105.199
浏览器输入：http://10.0.105.201
5、补充
-- 删除绑定的vip
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 10.0.105.201/24 down
重启一下nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx

1.查看IP，找到网段
2.ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.49.148/24 给网卡添加ip
3.ifconfig 查看网卡
4.编辑配置文件 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 在监听端口前输入两个ip地址
5.重新加载一下nginx的配置文件（有缓存的话重启一下nginx (systemctl restart nginx)）
6.访问ip curl 192.168.49.144
curl 192.168.49.148（添加的IP）

3、基于端口的虚拟主机

一个IP

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user  root;
worker_processes  4;

worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;


events {
    
    
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    
    
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';


    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;


    server {
    
    
        listen       80;
        server_name  web.testpm.com;
        location / {
    
    
            root   /var/www/nginx/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            limit_rate	2k;
        }
        
    
     server {
    
    
        listen       8080;
        server_name  web.1000phone.com;
        location / {
    
    
            root   /1000phone/html/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        	}
        }
}

重新加载配置文件:

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

测试访问:
浏览器输入：http://web.testpm.com/
浏览器输入：http://web.1000phone.com:8080

nginx的虚拟配置（虚拟主机）

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