一、总结与计划
1.1 总结
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上午：
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ftp文件上传
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为什么要使用ftp上传(图)
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linux要开启vsftpd服务
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Java代码实现
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项目打包部署
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下午：
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SpringBoot介绍
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第一个SpringBoot应用
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搭建
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项目结构
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运行
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自定义banner
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1.2 计划
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全局配置文件
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Java 配置方式
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Starter POM
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SpringBoot是如何帮助我们完成自动配置？
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SpringBoot常用注解
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日志管理
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基于SpringBoot的单元测试
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统一异常管理
二、SpringBoot的全局配置
2.1 创建SpringBoot应用
2.1.1 使用IDEA的Spring Initializr
限制：如果网络不够流畅，会导致Spring Initializr无法加载
2.1.2 使用在线生成SpringBoot应用
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2.2 如果在idea中同时管理多个项目
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将创建的多个项目存放在同一个目录下
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使用IDEA打开的时候，直接打开目录（不是目录中的项目）
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在IDEA中将目录下的项目添加到Maven管理
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help--find Action--输入‘Maven’--点击‘Add Maven Project’ （选择项目的pom文件）
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2.3 全局配置文件
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SpringBoot项目使用了一个全局配置文件application.properties进行项目相关的配置
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如果SpringBoot默认的设置无法满足我们的需求，就可以在application.properties来进行修改
# application.properties文件中的配置的 key 必须遵守 SpringBoot的要求 server.port=8081 server.servlet.context-path=/demo2
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Spring Boot默认的属性设置：
参考：附-SpringBoot默认配置.pdf
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全局配置文件的格式也支持yml，并且在企业开发中通常使用yml格式进行配置（yaml语言），与properties对比如下：
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application.properties
server.port=8081 server.servlet.context-path=/demo2 spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test spring.datasource.username=root spring.datasource.password=admin123 spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
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application.yml
server: port: 8082 servlet: context-path: /demo spring: datasource: url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test username: root password: admin123 driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
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三、Java 配置方式
3.1 如何将一个类配置给Spring容器进行管理呢 ？
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xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <bean id="user" class="com.qfedu.springboot.demo2.beans.User"></bean> </beans>
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注解配置
@Component public class User { //... } -
Java配置
@Configuration public class SpringConfig { @Bean public Date getDate(){ return new Date(); } }
3.2 Spring版本发展
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Spring 1.x
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所有bean的配置都必须在xml中完成
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Spring 2.x
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基于JDK 1.5对注解的支持，Spring2.x开始使用注解配置
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企业开发中到时是使用xml还是注解呢 ？
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应用的基本配置用xml，比如：数据源、事务
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业务开发方面使用注解，比如：service、controller
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Spring 3.x
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开始提供了基于Java的配置方式
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Spring 4.x
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Spring Boot 和Spring4.x 都提倡使用Java配置方式
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四、Starter POM
Starter POM，指的是在pom文件中配置的SpringBoot提供的starter
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一个Starter我们就可以理解为对一种开发场景的支持
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SpringBoot为我们提供了简化企业级开发绝大多数场景的支持（多个StarterPOM），在我们的项目中只要使用了对应场景的StarterPOM，相关的技术配置就会被内置进来(消除人工配置)，同时我们就可以获得SpringBoot为我们提供的内置的Bean。
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案例： redis
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在pom.xml中引入redis对应的starter
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId> </dependency>
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在service中就可以直接使用SpringBoot内置的基于redis的开发场景（直接使用Bean）
@Service public class RedisService { @Resource private RedisTemplate redisTemplate; }
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SpringBoot支持绝大多数的主流框架(提供对应的starter)，但并不是所有；支持的主流框架如下：
五、SpringBoot的自动配置
5.1 运行SpringBoot应用的启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootDemo2Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//SpringApplication.run 启动一个SpringBoot应用
//run传递的class对象需要有 @SpringBootApplication 注解，
//SpringBoot应用的加载是从@SpringBootApplication开始
SpringApplication.run(SpringbootDemo2Application.class, args);
}
}
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@SpringBootApplication注解：是一个组合注解，包括配置、自动配置、扫描功能的启动
5.2 SpringApplication
public static ConfigurableApplicationContext run(Class<?>[] primarySources, String[] args) {
// Class[] primarySources ------------ SpringbootDemo2Application.class
// 相当于SpringbootDemo2Application.class-->SpringApplication然后调用run方法
return (new SpringApplication(primarySources)).run(args);
}
//相当于用SpringbootDemo2Application.class调用的此run方法，此run方法中的this就表示我们自己的应用
public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
//...
Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList();
//...
// 获取我们自己的应用程序的Spring对象工厂实例
exceptionReporters = this.getSpringFactoriesInstances(SpringBootExceptionReporter.class, new Class[]{ConfigurableApplicationContext.class}, context);
//...
}
private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstances(Class<T> type, Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
//...
Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet(SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type, classLoader));
//...
}
5.3 SpringFactoriesLoader
public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
return (List)loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
}
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
//...
//加载Spring的自动配置文件：
Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
//...
}
5.4 spring.factories
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在此文件中列出了SpringBoot内置的所有配置（Java配置）
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在启动SpringBoot应用的时候，所有内置的自动配置类都会扫描；但并不是所有的配置都会被初始化，
# Initializers org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener # Application Listeners org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer # Auto Configuration Import Listeners org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportListener=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionEvaluationReportAutoConfigurationImportListener # Auto Configuration Import Filters org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportFilter=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnClassCondition,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnWebApplicationCondition # Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudServiceConnectorsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveRestClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.jest.JestAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.rest.RestClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration # Failure analyzers org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.diagnostics.analyzer.NoSuchBeanDefinitionFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayMigrationScriptMissingFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBeanCreationFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.HikariDriverConfigurationFailureAnalyzer,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.NonUniqueSessionRepositoryFailureAnalyzer # Template availability providers org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.template.TemplateAvailabilityProvider=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.JspTemplateAvailabilityProvider
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自动配置类的条件注解
@ConditionalOnClass 表示的意思是：在当前类路径下存在某个类 @ConditionalOnMissingClass 表示的意思是：在当前类路径下不存在某个类 @EnableConfigurationProperties 表示的意思是：有相关的属性设置 @ConditionalOnBean 表示的意思是：当前IoC容器中存在某个bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean 表示的意思是：当前IoC容器中不存在某个bean @ConditionalOnJava 表示的意思是：需要满足指定的java虚拟机版本 @ConditionalOnResource 表示的意思是：在resources目录下存在指定的资源文件时才生效
六、SpringBoot常用注解
6.1 @SpringBootApplication
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SpringBoot项目都有一个*Application类入口，入库类中是有main方法的，在此类添加@SpringBootApplication表示是当前应用的入口程序。
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@SpringBootApplication是一个组合注解：
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@SpringBootConfiguration
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@EnableAutoConfiguration
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@ComponentScan
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6.2 @SpringBootConfiguration
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继承了@Configuration注解，并且作用一致，都是用来声明当前类为一个Java配置类。
6.3 @EnableAutoConfiguration
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启用SpringBoot内置的自动配置功能
6.4 @ComponentScan
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扫描bean，扫描范围是当前应用的入口程序所在的包
6.5 IoC注解
6.5.1 组件注册
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@Component 普通组件注册
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@Controller MVC控制层注解
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@Service 业务逻辑层组件注册
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@Repository 持久层组件组测
6.5.2 依赖注入注解
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@Autowired / @Inject
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@Qualifier
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@Resource
6.5.3 作用域、声明周期
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@Scope
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@PostConstruct
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@PreDestory
6.6 SpringMVC注解
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@Controller
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@RestController
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@RequestMapping
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@RequestBody
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@ResponseBody
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@PathVariable
七、日志管理
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SpringBoot提供了log4j、logback等日志框架的支持
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默认情况下，使用的logback进行日志管理
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我们只需要指定日志文件或者指定日志文件的存储目录即可：
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指定日志文件名称，表示日志存储在当前工作空间下的logs目录中20200417.log文件
logging: file: logs/20200417.log ----------------------------------- logging: file: name: logs/20200417.log -
指定日志文件存储的目录，表示日志存储在当前工作空间下的logs目录中的20200417目录中
logging: file: path: logs/2020417
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